口语中的二十一个基本句型

口语学习中的二十一个句型

口语在很大程度上是为了交流，我们不要求每个句子有多长多长，只要能表达一个清楚的意思，我们主张大家要练到一千遍，只有这样你才能真正掌握发音的精华，才能真正做到脱口而出，永生不忘，你才会爱上英语

1、this(that) is……这是……那是……

复数情况：These are ……这些是…../Those are……那些是……

This is our factory.这是我们工厂

This is my resume,miss.小姐，这是我的简历

This is your coffee,sir.先生，您的咖啡

This is not for you.这不是给你的

This is cute!这太棒了

This is Andy speaking. Andy 在讲话

但在实际生活中人们往往会省掉This is / that is 因为在具体的语境下this is 的作用就会被手势，体态所替代。因此上面的句子就会变成这样：our factory ，my resume，

your coffee， not for you， cute !Andy speaking

进一步讲this is 后接的多数是名词或形容词，而这些词本身就很有表现力，因此在合适的情况下，人们通常不必说完整的句子，就可以被人理解了，这样我们的一部分词就活了，比如说，你想表达感叹，就可以讲:perfect! /Wonderful!/beautiful!/terrific!

2. I want to /I wanna/ I’d like to …../I think我想…..

I want to 用于直抒胸臆地表达某人的意愿，实际上现代口语中常用 want to 的口语缩略式wanna I wanna sleep./I wanna eat something./I wanna see your manager.

I don’t wanna stay here alone.

在现实生活中，人们为了表现更多客气或礼貌常用I’d like to 来替换I want to

I’d like to introduce Mr.Johnson, the president of our company.

I’d like to invite you to attend my daughter’s birthd ay.

在日常口语中合理使用I’d like to 可以婉转表达意图，更能体现现代美语的味道。

I’d like to see you off at the airport.

I’d like to go by bicycle instead of by car.

I’d like to hear your ideas about this matter.

I wanna know who is the most beautiful woman in the world.

3.how about/wha t about /Do you feel like….

作某事怎么样How about后跟两种结构：

1 .How about +动名词/名词

2.How about +介词词组

How about taking a walk.出去走走怎么样？

How about a cup of tea? 来杯茶怎么样？

How about asking our teacher?/How about the cheaper one?/

How about going for a picnic?/How about having a rest?

4、Let’s: 常用于提议，包括说话者内的一些人去干某件事。

句式：肯定句：let’s +动词原形+……..

否定句：let’s not /never +动词原形Let’s go to class.咱们上课去了

Let’s not be late.咱们别迟到/Let’s not walk so fast.咱们不要走这么快

Let’s not waste time arguing about it.咱们别浪费时间争论这个问题了

Let’s go !我们走/Let’s study English together. 我们一起学英语吧

Let’s go shopping. 我们去购物吧/Let’s not go there./咱们别到那里去

e.g: Let’s go !我们走/Let’s study English together.马观花我们一起学英语吧

Let’s go shopping.我们去购物吧/在这样的环境中可用另外一个句型：Shall we ……如/Shall we go? 我们走？/Shall we study English together. 我们一起学英语Shall we sing a song. 我们唱支歌

在Let’s引导的句子中，有一些简短的命令句或建议句已经深入人心，如最常用的Let’s go！另外还有一些，希望大家能做到脱口而出。Let’s move! 行动 / Let’s start! 开始/ Let’s stop here! 到此结束/Let’s get out of here! 离开点Let’s call it a day! 到此结束

祈使与命令

一、直接祈使：“请”“请不要”do /don’t

(1)肯定式：动词原形+……(,please)请……Stand up, please.请站起来

Open the door, please.请把门打开/Be careful!小心

(2)否定式：don’t +动词原形+……(,please)请不要

Don’t touch the paint别碰油漆

Don’t smoke here.不要在这里吸烟

(3)肯定式的强调形式：do+动词原形+….(please)请一定要

Do come tomorrow.明天一定要来/Do write to me. 一定要给我写信

(4)否定式的强调形式：never+动词原形+…..(,please)请千万不要…Never littler anywhere.千万不要到处乱扔果皮纸屑/Never spit anywhere.切勿随地吐痰

二、间接祈使

tell him (not ) to……

Tell him to wait there for a minute.告诉他在那儿等一会儿

Tell them not to stay up late.告诉他们不要睡得太晚

Tell John never to lie.告诉约翰千万不要撒谎

Tell them to be in the meeting room by eight.告诉他们八点以前到会议室

三、委婉祈使

Will /won’t /can you?

具体情况我们在第十四个句式中学习

四.强硬命令“必须”“不许”(1)Must /mustn’t

(2)To be to ….

(3)I want/tell you to ….you must keep away from liquor and tobacco.你必须不沾烟酒You mustn’t talk back.你不许回嘴

You are to come here at two.你们要在两点到这儿来

No one is to leave here until I return.在我回来之前谁也不许离开这里

I tell you to shut up.我要你住口/I want you to go off.我要你走开

五、警告

Look out! there’s a car coming!注意！有车来了！

Mind you step!注意你踏脚的地方/Take care not to touch it!注意别碰它！

5、I’m afraid……最常见的委婉语之一，用于婉转地表达自已的意见和想法。“我恐怕怎么样”e.g: You are wrong. 你错了

I’m afraid you are wrong. 恐怕是你错了

第二个句子就比第一个句子婉转和得体一些，符合欧美人说话的风格。

e.g: Can I sleep now? 我现在可以睡觉吗？

I’m afraid you can’t (sleep now). I’m afraid I’ve gained weight lately./-Mr Zhang, did I pass the exam?-I’m afraid you didn’t(passed the exam).

问：现在会用了不？回：I’m afraid, I can’t.

6、Have to ……不得不，强调客观情况迫使某人不得不做某事。

e.g: I have to learn English.

I have to get up at six o’clock every mo rning.

Mother has to do the housework.

Father has to work for money. 爸爸不得不为赚钱而努力。

7、I am……

①首先它可接名词用来作介绍。

e.g: I am the president of the united states.

I am a football fan.

②I am + 介词词组 e.g: I am on a diet./I am on business./I am + adj 可以用来说明状

态 e.g: I am tired./ I am very excited.

④ I am + doing 表示现在正在进行的事情。

e.g: I am looking forward to receiving from you./ I am cooking my dinner.

8、May I ……/Can I……

e.g: May I have a rest. 我可以……/May I come in?/May I know you name?

May I have your phone number?

有时也常用C an I……用来表示相近的意思。

e.g: Mom, Can I go with you?/Can I drive you home?/Can I sit here?

在现代口语中May I 或Can I后边的部分常可根据上下文省略，其含义依具体的环境而定。

9、Why not……是提出建议或委婉劝说的一种常用方式。

e.g: Why not go by yourself?/Why not join us?/ Why not call her?/有时why not 也可以单独使用，例如：I really want to go fishing now./Why not ?

10、it seems /looks/sounds/smells/feels………

表感觉的词，后面可接adj.表示“看起来”，“看上去”“闻起来”“感觉起来”

E.g.: It seems important!看起来很重要

It tastes awful.很难吃/It smells terrible! 太难闻了

It sounds like a difficult problem! 好象是个难题。

It sounds like everything is all right. 听起来好象百事无忧。

It sounds like life is not easy for her. 听起来她的日子很不好过。

11．What if ….

此句型可用于两种情况：

一是提出建议，问“意下如何，是否可以”，相当于“what do you think if ……?

what if we send you a buyer’s sample?

如果我们寄买方样品去，你们可会接受？

二、是表示恐惧，忧虑，有“万一”之意，用来表示如果某事发生，该怎么办？

what if they do not come?

如果他们不来，怎么办呢？

或：即使他们不来，又有什么关系呢？

Let’s go for a picnic!

What if it rains?

I want to improve my poor English,but what if …..what if I make some mistakes?If you wanna speak good English ,don’t worry about the what if .Just open your mouth and say it.

12.it’s time ……..到做某事的时候了

形式：

it’s time for something/It’s time to do something

E.g.:It’s time for class.该上课了/It’s time for action.该采取行动了

It’s time to get up./It’s time to buy a new shoes.

13.it is …..

1、it is 可以用来说前面提到的人或事

What’s this ?/It’s a book./Who is it ?/It is me.

2、It 也可以用来指时间、季节、气候、距离等

What time is it ? It’s nine.

What’s the weather? It’s fine.

3、it 作形式主语，真实的主语置后

It is difficult to get up early in the morning.早上早起很困难

It is dangerous playing with fire.玩火危险

14.Can you…… will you……Won’t you…

Will you do me a favor?帮个忙，好吗？

Will you do the washing-up ,please?你来洗碗，好吗？Will you help me, please？请帮下忙，好吗？

Please come with me, will you?请跟我来，好吗

Help me with this luggage, won’t you?帮我弄一下这行李，好吗？

Get me a ticket for the concert ,can you?请给我买张演奏会的票，好吗？

Just pass the salt ,won’t you?你把盐递过来，好吗？

Hold the ladder a minute, can you?扶一下这梯子，好吗？

Can you…..请别人帮忙，最简单的用语

E.g.: Can you open the door?/Can you turn down the radio?

Can you do me a favor?

Will you 也是请人帮忙时常用语，只是人们为了表现谦和，礼貌，通常用could you和would you表示

E.g.: Could you tell me something about Christmas?

Would you take a picture for us?你给我们照张相好吗？

15 There b e …

(there is /there are…) 某处有某物/人There be 中的be动词由其后的名词的数决定其形式。

（1）There is +单数名词/不可数名词

（2）There are +复数名词

There are two girls in the classroom. 教室里有两个女孩。

There is a computer in the classroom.教室里有一台电脑

There is a Tv show about AIDS on right now.电视正在播放一个关于艾滋病的节目。

There be 的陈述句在口语中并不常见，其疑问句在句中更常见

Is there any water in the thermos?暖瓶里有水吗？

Is there anything I can do for you ?要我帮忙吗？

Is there such a man in your company?

在提问某处有什么东西是可用“what is there….？”如果认为该处可能有两个以上的东西时可用“what are there….?”What’s there in the drawer?抽屉里有什么？

What’s there on the desk?书桌上有个么东西？----There is a dictionary on it.有一本字典提问“有多少”时对可数名词用how many 谓语动词用“are there”；对不可数名词用“how much”，谓语动词用“is there”How many work days are there in a week？一周有几个工作日看下面两个句子：Where is there a post –office?哪里有邮局？/Where is the post-office？邮局在哪里？

16. You’d better…..表最好做某事是给别人提醒或建议的常用一种说法

You’d better wear more clothes,or you’ll catch a col d.你最好多穿一点衣服，否则你会感冒You’d better be there on time,or you’ll be fired.

You’d better give the money,or I’ll kill you.你最好把钱交出来，不然我就杀了你

17. I’d rather…..一般表示在几个选项中更倾向于哪一个，意思是“宁愿做某事”

Would you like to say something?/I’d rather keep silence.

Rather 与than连用，表“宁愿…….而不”I’d rather die than surrender.宁死不屈

18. I wish…..用来表达个人的希望，在节日，分别，或其它场合表示愿望时常常用到

I wish you a happy new year./I wish you a happy wedding day. 新婚愉快

I wish you good luck.祝你好运

如果WISH后跟一个句子，句子里的时态要用到虚拟语气，因为所希望的事情还未发生。

I wish I were a bird./I wish this was not ture./I wish it was spring.

I wish it was not raining

19.who are you?

Are you a good person? 你是好人吗?/ Are you happy? 你快乐吗?/Yes ,I am a good person./No, I am not a good person./Yes , I am happy./No, I am not happy.

Are you new here? 你是新来的吗?/Yes, I am new here./No, I am not new here.

Are you single?（认真的

serious)(lonely/rich/young/old/poor/clever/foolish/serious/tired/busy/free/brave勇敢/boring烦人/lucky/well)Are you single?（认真的serious）

(lonely/rich/young/old/poor/clever/foolish/serious/tired/busy/free/brave勇敢/boring

烦人/lucky/well)Are you delighted? 你很高兴吗?/Yes , I am delighted./No, I am not delighted./Are you amazed (married/excited)? 你感到惊奇吗?/Are you kidding? 你在开玩笑吗?/Yes, I am kidding./No, I am not kidding./Are you eating? 你在吃饭吗?/Are you out? 你在外面吗?/Are you in red? 你是穿红色的衣服吗?/Are you interested in history? 你喜欢历史吗?/Are you pleased with the new flat? 你对这套新公寓满意吗?/Are you worried about your weight? 你担心你的体重吗?/

20.do you love me?/Did you catch her?

Do you love me? Do you know Mike? ---Yes, I know Mike. /No, I don’t k now Mike.

Do you like chocolate? 你喜欢吃巧克力吗?/Do you believe in love at first sight? 你相信一见钟情吗?/Do you want to have a cup?你想喝一杯茶吗?/Do you work hard?/Do you agree with me?/Did you catch her ?你抓住她了吗?/Did you see the doctor? 你看医生了吗? Yes , I saw doctor ./No, I di dn’t see the doctor./Did you invest in a new car?你买了辆新车吗?/Did you try?/Did you hear about bill cliton?/

21.Have you ever …..

Have you ever wanted to be an astronaut? 你曾想成为一个宇航员吗?

Yes,I have wanted to be an astronaut.

No, I haven’t wanted to be an astronaut.

Have you ever called the police? 你叫过警察吗?

Yes, I have called the police. /No, I haven’t called the police.

Have you ever been to Shanghai?

Have you ever made in cream?你做过冰淇淋吗?