计算机专业英语key-term chapter 1
Key Terms -Chapter 1
application software
Also referred to as apps. Software that can perform useful work, such as word processing, cost estimating, or accounting tasks. The user primarily interacts with application software.
Blu-ray
A type of high-definition disc with a capacity of 25 to 50 gigabytes.
cloud computing
Data stored at a server on the Internet and available anywhere the Internet can be accessed.
communication device
Computer systems that communicate with other computer systems using modems. For example, it modifies computer output into a form that can be transmitted across standard telephone lines.
compact disc (CD)
Widely used optical disc format. It holds 650 MB (megabytes) to 1 GB (gigabyte) of data on one side of the CD.
computer competency
Becoming proficient in computer-related skills.
connectivity
Capability of the microcomputer to use information from the world beyond one’s desk. Data and information can be sent over telephone or cable lines and through the air so that computers can talk to each other and share information.
data
Raw, unprocessed facts that are input to a computer system that will give compiled information when the computer processes those facts. Data is also defined as facts or observations about people, places, things, and events.
database file
File containing highly structured and organized data created by database management programs.
desktop computer
Computer small enough to fit on top of or along the side of a desk and yet too big to carry around.
device driver
Every device that is connected to the computer has a special program associated with it called a device driver that allows communication between the operating system and the device.
DVD (digital versatile disc or digital video disc)
Similar to CD-ROMs except that more data can be packed into the same amount of space. DVD drives can store a typical capacity of 4.7 GB on one side.
document file
File created by a word processor to save documents such as letters, research papers, and memos.
end user
Person who uses microcomputers or has access to larger computers.
flash memory card
A solid-state storage device widely used in notebook computers. Flash memory also is used in a variety of specialized input devices to capture and transfer data to desktop computers.
general-purpose application
Application used for doing common tasks, such as browsers and word processors, spreadsheets, databases, management systems, and presentation graphics. Also known as productivity applications.
handheld computer
See personal digital assistant (PDA).
hard disk
Enclosed disk drive containing one or more metallic disks. Hard disks use magnetic charges to record data and have large storage capacities and fast retrieval times.
hardware
Equipment that includes a keyboard, monitor, printer, the computer itself, and other devices that are controlled by software programming.
information
Data that has been processed by a computer system.
information system
Collection of hardware, software, people, data, and procedures that work together to provide information essential to running an organization.
information technology (IT)
Computer and communication technologies, such as communication links to the Internet, that provide help and understanding to the end user.
input device
Piece of equipment that translates data into a form a computer can process. The most common input devices are the keyboard and the mouse.
Internet
A huge computer network available to everyone with a microcomputer and a means to connect to it. It is the actual physical network made up of wires, cables, and satellites as opposed to the Web, which is the multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet.
keyboard
Input device that looks like a typewriter keyboard but has additional keys.
laptop computer
See notebook computer and notebook system unit.
mainframe computer
This computer can process several million program instructions per second. Sizeable organizations rely on these room-size systems to handle large programs and a great deal of data.
memory
Memory is contained on chips connected to the system board and is a holding area for data instructions and information (processed data waiting to be output to secondary storage). RAM, ROM, and CMOS are three types of memory chips.
microcomputer
Small, low-cost computer designed for individual users. These include desktop, notebook, and personal digital assistant computers.
microprocessor
The central processing unit (CPU) of a microcomputer controls and manipulates data to produce information. The microprocessor is contained on a single integrated circuit chip and is the brains of the system.
midrange computer
Also known as a minicomputer.
mobile app (application)
Add-on features for a variety of mobile devices, including smartphones, netbooks, and tablets.
modem
Short for modulator-demodulator. It is a communication device that translates the electronic signals from a computer into electronic signals that can travel over telephone lines.
monitor
Output device like a television screen that displays data processed by the computer.
mouse
Device that typically rolls on the desktop and directs the cursor on the display screen.
network
The arrangement in which various communications channels are connected through two or more computers. The largest network in the world is the Internet.
notebook computer
Portable computer, also known as a laptop computer, weighing between 4 and 10 pounds.
operating system (OS)
Software that interacts between application software and the computer, handling such details as running programs, storing and processing data, and coordinating all computer resources, including attached peripheral devices. It is the most important program on the computer. Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Mac OS X are examples of operating systems.
optical disc
Storage device that can hold over 17 gigabytes of data, which is an equivalent
of several million typewritten pages. Lasers are used to record and read data on the disc. The two basic types of optical discs are compact discs (CDs) and digital versatile or video discs (DVDs).
output device
Equipment that translates processed information from the central processing unit into a form that can be understood by humans. The most common output devices are monitors and printers.
people
End users who use computers to make themselves more productive.
personal digital assistant (PDA)
A device that typically combines pen input, writing recognition, personal organizational tools, and communication capabilities in a very small package. Also called handheld PC and palm computer.
presentation file
A file created by presentation graphics programs to save presentation materials. For example, a file might contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides.
printer
Device that produces printed paper output.
procedures
Rules or guidelines to follow when using hardware, software, and data.
program
Instructions for the computer to follow to process data. See software.
random-access memory (RAM)
Volatile, temporary storage that holds the program and data the CPU is presently processing. It is called temporary storage because its contents will be lost if electrical power to the computer is disrupted or the computer is turned off.
secondary storage
Permanent storage used to preserve programs and data that can be retained after the computer is turned off. These devices include floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tape, CDs, DVDs, and more.
server
A host computer with a connection to the Internet that stores document files used to display web pages. Depending on the resources shared, it may be called a file server, printer server, communication server, web server, or database server.
Smartphone
A type of cell phone that offers a variety of advanced functionality, including Internet and e-mail.
software
Computer program consisting of step-by-step instructions, directing the computer on each task it will perform.
solid-state drive (SSD)
Designed to be connected inside a microcomputer system the same way an internal hard disk would be, but contains solid-state memory instead of magnetic disks to store data.
solid-state storage
A secondary storage device that has no moving parts. Data is stored and retrieved electronically directly from these devices, much as they would be from conventional computer memory.
specialized application
Programs that are narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Some of the best known are multimedia, Web authoring, graphics, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence.
supercomputer
Fastest calculating device ever invented, processing billions of program instructions per second. Used by very large organizations like NASA.
system software
“Background” software that enables the application software to interact with the computer. System software consists of the operating system, utilities, device drivers, and language translators. It works with application software to handle the majority of technical details.
system unit
Part of a microcomputer that contains the CPU. Also known as the system
cabinet or chassis, it is the container that houses most of the electronic components that make up the computer system.
tablet
A type of microcomputer that contains a thin system unit, most of which is the monitor. The best-known tablets are Apple’s iPad, Motorola’s Zoom, and HP’s Slate.
tablet computer
A type of notebook computer that accepts handwritten data, using a stylus or pen, that is converted to standard text and can be processed by a word processor program.
USB drive
The size of a key chain, these hard drives connect to a computer’s USB port enabling a transfer of files; has a capacity of up to 64GB.
utility
Performs specific tasks related to managing computer resources or files. Norton Utility for virus control and system maintenance is a good example of a utility. Also known as service programs.
virus
Hidden instructions that migrate through networks and operating systems and become embedded in different programs. They may be designed to destroy data or simply to display messages.
web
Introduced in 1992 and prior to the web, the Internet was all text. The Web made it possible to provide a multimedia interface that includes graphics, animations, sound, and video.
wireless revolution
A revolution that is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.
worksheet file
Created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales.
计算机专业英语影印版(Computing Essentials 2008)课后答案大全——第八单元Chapter 8 Secondary Storage
Crossword Puzzle Answers: Open Ended Questions: 1.Discuss the traditional and high-capacity floppy disks. The traditional floppy disk is the 1.44 MB 31/2-inch disk. The most common type is labeled 2HD, which means “two-sided, high-density” and have a capacity of 1.44 MB.Floppy disks have a thin exterior jacket made of hard plastic to protect the flexible disk inside. High-capacity disks, also known as floppy-disk cartridges, are rapidly replacing the traditional floppy disk. They are 31/2 inches in diameter, and are able to store more information, are thicker, and require special disk drives. 2.What are the three types of hard disks? Describe three ways to improve hard-disk performance. There are three types of hard disks: internal hard disk, hard-disk cartridge, and hard-disk pack.
计算机专业研究生英文的自我介绍
计算机专业研究生英文的自我介绍 good morning，madam and sir!it’s a great honor for me to meet you here today. i would like to introduce myself for you. my name is ***** and my admission number is *****. i come from *** county, ** province. *** county is also called general county, for it has ever made 54 generals in history. every year thousands of people get patriotic education there. in XX, i was admitted to school of college of mathematics and computer science，guangxi normal university in guilin. i majored in computer science. i have been interested in my major since i was in middle school, because computer can make our life easy. my college teachers were very patient, friendly and knowledgeable. i learned a lot in college, such as how to study, how to get along with others and so on. i also learned independence and the importance of working hard. in XX, i graduated from college with honor. college life was wonderful and unforgettable. it’s one of the most important parts in my life. now i work as a teacher in a middle school in *****. i teach computer science there. i try my best to be a good teacher. i’m responsible and work very hard. i love my students. they are very young, happy and clever. in order to take entrance exam for graduate, i spend most of spare time on studying. of course i often play badmintonwith my colleagues or with my students. my favorite is studying, especially, discussing and solving the problem with others, because i can learn much from my partners, and i can express my own opinion. i like computer science, especially, computer architecture. i want to have different challenges in my life.that’s all, thank you.
计算机专业英语的的一些特点
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计算机专业英语除了具有科技英语的一般特点外，还有其自身的特点。 ●长句多。 ●被动语句多。 ●祈使语句多。 ●专业术语多。 ●新词多，且合成新词多。 ●缩略语多。 ●一词多义。 其中缩略语出现的频度高，以及新词(包括新缩略语)产生快和数量多是计算机专业英语区别于其它学科专业英语的主要特点。 3 教学内容的选择
3.1 教材的选择 计算机专业英语的教材比较多，层次也不同。选择一本合适的教材是取得好的教学效果的基础，选择教材时有以下几个原则： (1)全面性。计算机专业英语是要介绍计算机专业课程涉及的词语和知识，所以教材内容要尽量全面，至少要包括大部分计算机专业课程的内容，如计算机原理、数字逻辑、数据结构、数据库、操作系统、计算机网络、软件工程、程序设计语言等等。目的是掌握相关词汇，所以理论上不要求太深，通常是介绍性质的，事实上目前计算机英语教材中不少课程内容都是源自某一课程的英文教材的内容介绍，或者是摘编出来的。 (2)时效性。由于计算机技术发展非常迅速，且新技术市场化周期越来越短，要使学生能够掌握新的计算机技术和新的实用工具软件，就必须考虑教材内容的时效性，达到与时俱进。 (3)适用性。由于计算机专业英语教材较多，层次不同，包括两年高职、三年高职、专生本、本科等层次，相应的内容深浅、侧重点各有不同。同时现在计算机相关专业也越来越多，如计算机科学与技术、软件工程、网络工程、信息安全专业、软件测试等，不同的或方向对课程内容的侧重也不同，所以要根据不同的教学对象选择适用的教
计算机专业英语翻译
国家计算机教育认证 计算机英语 计算机英语词汇对译 蒙阴高新电脑学校 资料整理：孙波 IT CFAC gaoxindiannaoxuexiao
2010年9月1日
?PC personal computer 个人计算机 ?IBM International Business Machine 美国国际商用机器公司的公司简称，是最早推出的个人 计算机品牌。 ?Intel 美国英特尔公司，以生产CPU芯片著称。 ?Pentium Intel公司生产的586 CPU芯片,中文译名为“奔腾”。 ?Address地址 ?Agents代理 ?Analog signals模拟信号 ?Applets程序 ?Asynchronous communications port异步通信端口 ?Attachment附件 ?Access time存取时间 ?access存取 ?accuracy准确性 ?ad network cookies广告网络信息记录软件 ?Add-ons 插件 ?Active-matrix主动矩阵 ?Adapter cards适配卡 ?Advanced application高级应用 ?Analytical graph分析图表 ?Analyze分析 ?Animations动画 ?Application software 应用软件 ?Arithmetic operations算术运算 ?Audio-output device音频输出设备 ?Basic application基础程序 ?Binary coding schemes二进制译码方案 ?Binary system二进制系统 ?Bit比特 ?Browser浏览器 ?Bus line总线 ?Backup tape cartridge units备份磁带盒单元 ?Business-to-consumer企业对消费者 ?Bar code条形码 ?Bar code reader条形码读卡器 ?Bus总线 ?Bandwidth带宽 ?Bluetooth蓝牙 ?Broadband宽带 ?Business-to-business企业对企业电子商务 ?cookies-cutter programs信息记录截取程序 ?cookies信息记录程序
计算机专业英语作文
计算机专业英语 系别：数学系 班级：11级计算机二班姓名：徐小凤学号：110312248
Robot Competition From 11th to 13th October 2013, these three days are special for my teammates and me. I took part in the fifth Robot Competition of Anhui province. After continuous efforts, we got the third prize in the end. In April 2013, this competition was announced in our class by Mr He. In that moment, many students registered for the competition. After hardly training, there were only fifteen students remaining. We were divided into five teams. Each included three people. There were three teams taking part in wheel type robot competition (or named intelligent car). And the other two majored in dancing robot. My two roommates and I engaged in the designing of robot dance. We controlled the robots by program. But the program was programmed in BASIC, which is a high level programming language. The problem was that we had never touched to that language besides C or C++. So, we must learn the language before designing the action. It seemed difficult but we had never lost our courage. After seeking enough data from the Internet and the library, we spent about a few weeks to learn it. When we felt the fundamental grammar was easy, we began to design the dancing action. That was the most important and most difficult part. We spent much time on
计算机专业考研复试英文自我介绍模板
计算机专业考研复试英文自我介绍模板Good morning,deer professors.I am glad to be here for this interview. My name is XXX, 23 years old. I come from LuAn, a city of AnHui Province. I am going to graduate from the mathematics and computer science college computer science department of Hunan Normal University in July, 2017. In the past year I have been preparing for the postgraduate examination. Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be here. So I just feel a little bit nervous,because this is my first time to have such an interview. In the past three and a half years, I have learnt some basic knowledge of computer science and technology. For example, from the courses of data structure and data mining, I got to know data storage form and information mining. When I learnt more about this field, I became more interested in it. Apart from the textbooks, I borrowed some relevant ones from our library to read. My passion in computer science and technology is the reason why I would like to pursue my further study in this field. Owing to my diligence and persistence, I could concentrate on my study and I believe that I could do better with your help.
《计算机专业英语》考核说明.
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计算机专业英语2008影印版选择题的翻译加答案
CHAPTER 1 1、A common term that describes the combination of traditional computer and communication technologies is b. information technology 一个描述了传统的计算机和通信技术结合的常见的术语 B.信息技术 2、Procedures are typically documented in manuals written by b. computer specialists 程序一般是___在手册撰写记录的 B.计算机专家 3、Which of the following is an example of connectivity? a. Internet 下列哪一项是连接的一个例子吗？ A.互联网 4、Windows XP, windows Vista, and Macintosh OS X are all examples of b. operating systems Windows XP，Windows Vista，和Macintosh OS X都是__的例子 B.操作系统 5、Because of their size and cost, these computers are relatively rare. d. supercomputers 由于它们的尺寸和成本，这些电脑是比较少见的。 D.超级计算机 6、The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called the d. microprocessor 系统组成，控制和操纵数据来产生信息称为 D.微处理器 7、A system component that translates data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process is called a(n) c. output device 一个系统组件，将人类可以理解成计算机能够处理的形式的数据和程序被称为 C.输出设备 8、A CD is an example of a(n) c. optical disc CD是___的简称 C.光盘 9、If you want to communicate a message or persuade other people, you would typically use this type of software. d. presentation 如果你想传达信息或说服别人，你通常会使用这种类型的软件。 D.演示 10、Many experts are predicting that this revolution is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology. d. wireless
计算机专业英语报告
1.英语学术论文的语言风格特点就（知人方能论世） 为什么我们会读不懂SCI上面的文章呢？ 第一，由于SCI里面出现的专业词汇一般都是出现在特定领域，一类是一词对应于一意，另外一类则是一词多义。 其次，名词化结构则是另外另外一个普遍出现的现象，可以看到，复合名词，加前缀和后缀，以及省略现象可谓是漫山遍野，因为文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实，一般文章不会夹杂着太多主观看法。 最后，大量使用长句和定语从句SCI论文发表中大量使用长句和定语从句，在论证上起到连接信息和强调信息的作用。广泛使用被动语态SCI论文发表中侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确，第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态。名词作定语和缩写词使用频繁SCI论文发表中要求结构紧凑、行文简炼，缩写词和名词作定语的频繁使用，增大了信息密度，简化了句型。 如果我们能逆向思维，转换个角度去看文章，如果你要发表一篇SCI论文，你会怎么去构造你的行为，你如何组织你文章的逻辑，特别是用词方面，口语和一些狸语在一般
情况不应该出现在文章中。还有些中式英语也会极大地影响我们的阅读，例如说足球比赛，可不是我们想象中的football match （之前有次演讲说，英语里面不能有2个名词的情况，在此就举了个例子bicycle man），而应该做football play亦作soccer play。 2.翻译是一门艺术，从某种意义上来讲是没有标准答案的。 这里本人想要想要阐述这样一种观点，翻译是一个不断精进的过程，翻译最初的目的即是为了实现语言之间的一个互相沟通，然而不同的人对一句话，应该会有着不同的理解。这也就有了译者极大的自由发挥性，但是译者必须准确理解原文的基础之上的。 有三个字可以高度概括翻译的精髓“信，达，雅”，想必大家都应该听过。”“信”指意义不背原文,即是译文要准确,不歪曲,不遗漏,也不要随意增减意思；同样可以举个例子？This is a pan in my hand （请问如何翻译呢？） “达”指不拘泥于原文形式,译文通顺明白;这里就涉及到一个直译和意译的关系啦，否则就会出现像bicycle
计算机考研专业英文自我介绍-最新范文
计算机考研专业英文自我介绍 on. I also learned independence and the importance of working hard. In 2008, I graduated from college with honor. College life was wonderful and unforgettable. It’s one of the most important parts in my life. Now I work as a teacher in a middle school in *****. I teach computer science there. I try my best to be a good teacher. I’m responsible and work very hard. I love my students. They are very young, happy and clever. In order to take entrance exam for graduate, I spend most of spare time on studying. Of course I often play badmintonwith my colleagues or with my students. My favorite is studying, especially, discussing and solving the problem with others, BECause I can learn much from my partners, and I can express my own opinion. I like computer science, especially, computer architecture. I want to have different challenges in my life.That’s all, thank you. 计算机考研专业英文自我介绍
计算机专业英语课文翻译部分(第四版)
1.2 总线互连 总线是连接两个或多个设备的通信通路。总线的关键特征是，它是一条共享传输介质。多个设备连接到总线上，任一个设备发出的信号可以为其他所有连接到总线上的设备所接收。如果两个设备同时传送，它们的信号将会重叠，引起混淆。因此，一次只能有一个设备成功地（利用总线）发送数据。 典型的情况是，总线由多条通信通路或线路组成，每条线(路)能够传送代表二进制1和0的信号。一段时间里，一条线能传送一串二进制数字。总线的几条线放在一起能同时并行传送二进制数字。例如, 一个8位的数据能在8条总线线上传送。 计算机系统包含有多种不同的总线，它们在计算机系统层次结构的各个层次提供部件之间的通路。连接主要计算机部件(处理机, 存储器, I/O)的总线称为系统总线。系统总线通常由50~100条分立的(导)线组成。每条线被赋予一个特定的含义或功能。虽然有许多不同的总线设计，但任何总线上的线都可以分成三个功能组：数据线、地址线和控制线。此外可能还有为连接的模块提供电源的电源线。 数据线提供系统模块间传送数据的路径，这些线组合在一起称为数据总线。典型的数据总线包含8、16或32根线，线的数量称为数据总线的宽度。因为每条线每次传送1位，所以线的数目决定了每次能同时传送多少位。数据总线的宽度是决定系统总体性能的关键因素。 地址线用于指定数据总线上数据的来源和去向。例如，如果处理机希望从存储器中读一个字的数据，它将所需要字的地址放在地址线上。显然，地址总线的宽度决定了系统最大可能的存储器容量。 控制线用来控制对数据线和地址线的访问和使用。由于数据线和地址线被所有部件共享，因此必须用一种方法来控制它们的使用。控制信号在系统模块之间传送命令和定时信息。定时信息指定了数据和地址信息的有效性，命令信号指定了要执行的操作。 大多数计算机系统使用多总线，这些总线通常设计成层次结构。图1.3显示了一个典型的高性能体系结构。一条局部总线把处理机连接到高速缓存控制器，而高速缓存控制器又连接到支持主存储器的系统总线上。高速缓存控制器集成到连接高速总线的桥中。这一总线支持连接到：高速LAN、视频和图形工作站控制器，以及包括SCSI 和FireWire的局部外设总线的接口控制器。低速设备仍然由分开的扩充总线支持，用一个接口来缓冲该扩充总线和高速总线之间的通信流量。 PCI 外部设备互连是流行的高带宽的、独立于处理机的总线，它能够作为中间层或外围设备总线。当前的标准允许在66MHz频率下使用多达64根数据线，其原始传输速率为528MB/s, 或4.224Gbps。PCI被设计成支持各种各样基于微处理机的配置，包括单处理机和多处理机的系统。因此，它提供了一组通用的功能。PCI使用同步时序以及集中式仲裁方案。 在多处理机系统中，一个或多个PCI配置可通过桥接器连接到处理机的系统总线上。系统总线只支持处理机/高速缓存单元、主存储器以及PCI桥接器。使用桥接器使得PCI独立于处理机速度，又提供快速接收和传送数据的能力。 2.1 光存储介质：高密度存储器 2.1.1 光盘 光盘技术最终可能使磁盘和磁带存储淘汰。用这种技术，磁存储器所用的读/写头被两束激光代替。一束激光通过在光盘上刻制微小的凹点，对记录表面进行写；而另一束激光用来从光敏感的记录表面读取数据。由于光束容易被偏转到光盘上所需要的位置，所以不需要存取臂。 对用户而言，光盘正成为最有吸引力的选择。它们(光盘)对环境变化不太敏感，并且它们以每兆字节比磁盘低得多的存储器价格提供更多的直接存取存储器。光盘技术仍在出现，并且还需要稳定；然而，目前有三种主要类型的光盘。它们是CD-ROM、WORM盘和磁光盘。 CD-ROM 1980年引入的，非常成功的CD，或紧密盘是设计来提高音乐的录音重放质量的光盘。为了制作一张CD，把音乐的模拟声音转换成等价的数字声音，并且存储在一张4.72英寸的光盘上。在每张光盘上可以用数字格式（用20亿数字位）记录74分钟的音乐。因为它的巨大存储容量，计算机工业的企业家们立刻认
计算机专业英语2008影印版句子词语翻译(小抄版)
○1 1.Visual chapter openers and summaries 具视觉效果的开篇和总结 2.On the Web explorations 网络资源 3.Tips 小贴士，小窍门 4.Making IT work for you 为你所用 5.Concept checks and review 检查 6.Key terms 核心词汇 7.Careers in IT 信息技术相关职业 8.Procedures (指令，操作说明) 9.Software (软件) 10.Hardware (硬件) 11.Blocking spam 垃圾邮件过滤软件 12.Speech Recognition 语音识别软件 13.Virus Protection and Internet Security 14.网络安全软件 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html, Tuner Cards and Video Clips 电视卡和视频编辑软件16.Web Cams and Instant Messaging 网络视频摄像头和即时通 讯 17.Music from the Internet 网络音乐下载、上传和编 辑 18.Home Networking 家庭网络 19.Spyware Removal 间谍软件移除工具 20.Job Opportunities 网络就业机会搜索软 件 21.Operation system 操作系统 22.Coordinate resources 协调资源 23.Interface 提供接口 24.Run applications 运行应用程序 25.Utilities 公共实用程序 26.Device drivers 设备驱动程序 27.Browser 浏览器程序 28.Microsoft Office 办公软件 29.Basic application 基础应用程序 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,itary or Government军事政府 31.Research institute 研究机构 32.Insurance companies 保险公司 33.Mainframe computers 大型机，主机 34.Supercomputers 超级计算机 35.Minicomputers 中型电脑 36.Microcomputers 微机个人计算机 37.Desktop computer 台式电脑 38.Notebook computer, laptop computers 手提式、膝上轻便 电脑 39.Tablet PC 支持手写的平板电脑 40.Handheld computer 掌上电脑 41.Windows mobile 操作系统 42.Electronic Dictionary 电子词典 43.Palm computer 掌上电脑 44.Handheld computer 手持电脑 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,itary PDA 军用PDA 46.System unit：microprocessor and memory 微处理器 和内存 47.Input/output devices 输入和输出 48.Keyboard 键盘 49.Mouse 鼠标 50.Monitor 显示器printer 打印机 51.Secondary storage 辅助存储器 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,pact discs (CD) 激光盘 53.Digital versatile or video discs (DVD) 数 字化视频光盘 54.High-definition discs (HDD) 高清盘 55.Document files 文字处理 56.Worksheet files 工作表单 57.Database files 数据库文件 58.Presentation files 演示文件 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,puter competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills-indispensable tools for today. 2.Present an overview of an information system 概述信息系统 3.Understand these basic parts and how connectivity through the Internet.5大组成部分及如何访问网络 4.Filled out computerized forms, took computerized tests 填写电脑化的表格和考试 5.People are surely the most important part of any information system. 人是信息系统中最重要的组成元素 6.Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. 我们的生活每天都要接触计算机、信息系统 分不开 7.Making IT Work for You：present interesting and practical IT applications. 实用 的信息技术应用 8.Tips：suggestions ranging from the basics of keeping your computer system running smoothly to how to protect your privacy while surfing the Web. 关于计算机运用和网上冲 浪安全的提示和建议 9.Careers in IT：provides job descriptions, projected employment demands, educational requirements, current salary ranges, and advancement opportunities. 信息技术相关的 工作 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,puting Essentials Web site：more information on the Web. 本课本相关的网 络资源 11.Software are the instructions that tell the computer how to process date into the form you want. 软件就是指导计算机把 数据转换成信息的指令 12.In the most case, the words software and programs are interchangeable. 大多时候，软件 和程序的概念是可以互换的 13.系统软件是应用软件和计算机硬件的中 间连接件。 14.The system software is just the mediator between application software and hardware. 15.you have to know to be considered computer competent. 作为计算机能手必须具 备 16.Wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution. 无线应用开启了无 线革命 17.Central to the concept of connectivity is the network. 连接概念的中心是网络 ○3 1.Integrated Packages 综合程序包 2.Software Suites 软件套组 3.templates 模版 4.Thesaurus 同义词库 5.Word wrap 自动换行 6.Autocorrect: 自动更正 7.Header or Footer 页眉页脚 8.Footnote 脚注 9.Captions, Cross References题注，交叉引 用 10.Table 表格 11.Calculations 计算 12.Functions 函数 13.Analytical graphs or charts 图表 14.What-if analysis 假设分析 15.Query: 查询 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,municate a message 传递 17.persuade people 说服 18.Professional 专业 19.Productivity suite 商务组件 20.Personal suite 家庭组件 21.Specialized suite 专业组件 22.Utility suite 实用工具组件 1.Integrated package: is a single program that provides the functionality of a word processor, spreadsheet, database manager and more. 独立的集成软件包包括文字处理、表格和数据库管理等功能 2.Presentation: programs that combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive visually interesting presentations. 利用可视化 的图形，创造吸引人的演示效果。 3.Software suites: a collection of separate application programs bundled together and sold as a group. 捆绑一起售卖的多个应用程序 4.Good communication skills and teaching experience, though a teaching degree may not be required, it may be preferred. 沟通技能和 授课经验 5.Experience with the latest software and hardware is essential. 熟悉最新的软件和硬件 6.Seek detail-oriented individuals with IT experience IT经验的细心人 ○5 1.Booting a system 启动电脑 2.Mundane 常规的 3.behind-the-scenes 幕后的 4.Warm boot 热启动Cold boot 冷启动 5.Embedded OS 嵌入式OS https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,work OS 网络OS 7.Stand-alone OS 客户端OS 8.track 磁道 9.concentric ring同心圆 10.contiguous连续相邻的 11.wedge-shaped楔形的 12.sector扇区 13.Norton AntiVirus: 防毒 14.Norton CleanSweep: 系统清理 15.Web CleanUp: 上网痕迹清理 16.GoBack Personal Edition: 恢复设置 17.Norton Utilities: 实用工具 18.Bachelor’s degree 本科学位 19.Practical experience 实战经验 20.Certification from training 认证 21.Good analytical and communication skills 社交技能 1.System software: works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details. 系统软件处理大多数技术细节 2.System software is collection that handle hundreds of technical details with little or no user intervention. 少用户介入的技术细节 3.Managing resources 资源管理 4.Providing character-based or graphical user interface 提供人机界面接口 5. A platform for running applications and supporting multitasking 为应用软件的运行提供系统平台 6.Advanced system security to guard against malicious files and programs, including spyware. 防恶意软件安全系统 7.Three-dimensional workspace capable of displaying transparent cascading windows. 三 维立体、玻璃、瀑布效果 8.Filtering capabilities to provide convenient parental controls by blocking access of objectionable Web sites. 过 滤能力，家长控制 9.Utilities: are designed to make computing easier. 使用计算机更加简单的专业程序 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,e for: avoid frustrating 11.Internal hard disks crashed 死机 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,puters freeze up 锁定卡死 13.Operations slow down 系统慢 14.Troubleshooting programs: recognize and correct problems. 自检程序 15.Antivirus programs: guard your computer system against viruses. 防病毒程序 16.Uninstall programs: safely and completely remove unneeded programs. 卸载程序 17.Backup programs: make copies of files. 备 份程序 18.File compression programs: reduce the size of files. 压缩程序 19.Disk Cleanup: a troubleshooting utility that identifies and eliminates nonessential files, frees up valuable disk space. 清理无用文件， 释放磁盘空间 20.A track is a concentric ring.磁道，就是一 个同心圆 21.Each track is divided into wedge-shaped sections called sector. 磁道被分成的楔形，称 为扇区 22.The operating system tries to save a file on a single track across contiguous sectors. 23.Disk Defragmenter: locates and eliminates unnecessary fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize operations. 去除无用的碎片，重新安排文件，优 化磁盘空间 24.Device driver: work with the operating system to allow communication between the device and the rest of the computer system. 用 于设备和计算机其他组件通信 25.Windows supplies hundreds of different device drivers with its system software. 自带 驱动 ○9 1.Originally intended for voice communication 语音通讯 2.Widely used to support computer communication 计算机通讯 3.Allow a wide variety of nearby devices to communicate without physical connection 设备通讯 4.Allow individuals to connect to the Internet 因特网无线互联 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,munication channel 信道 6.Connection devices 连接设备 7.Data transmission specifications 数据传输规则 8.Twisted-pair cable 双绞线 9.Made up of copper wires 铜线 10.Coaxial cable 同轴电缆11.made up of a single solid-copper 12.Fiber-optic cable 光纤 13.Physical connections: 物理连接 14.Infrared: 红外线 15.Over short distances 短距离 16.Travel in a straight line 直线 17.In clear view of one another 18.Broadcast radio: 无线电通讯 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,e radio signals 无线电信号 20.Follow standard Wi-Fi 无线保真 21.Microwave: 微波 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,e high-frequency radio wave 23.line-of-sight communication 24.Be relayed by stations with dishes or antenna 天线接收传递 25.Bluetooth: 蓝牙技术 26.Pass through walls and nonmetal barriers 具有穿透性 27.Satellite: 卫星通讯 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,e satellites orbiting about 22000 miles above the earth 29.Offered by Intelsat通讯卫星协会 30.Rotate at a precise point and speed 位置和 速度严格定位 31.External modem 外置调制解调器 32.Internal modem 内置调制解调器 33.PC Card modem 卡式调制解调器 34.Wireless modem 无线上网卡 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,e for converting the digital signals to analog signals 数字、模拟信号转换 36.Transfer rate: 传输率 37.Bandwidth 带宽 38.Node: any device connected 节点 39.Client: a node uses resource 客户端 40.Server: a node sharing resources and performing specific task 服务器 41.Hub: the central node 集线器 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,work interface cards: 网卡 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,work operating systems: 网络OS 44.Distributed processing: 分布处理 45.Local Area Network: 局域网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,work gateway 网关 47.Ethernet: 以太网 48.Metropolitan Area Network: 城域网 49.Wide Area Network: 广域网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,work configurations 拓扑结构 51.Strategies 策略，模式 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,puter communications: is the process of sharing data, programs, and information between two or more computers. 计算机之间共享信息数据资源 2.Connectivity: is a concept related to using computer networks to link people and resources to the world of larger computers and Internet. 3.Protocol: a set of communication rules for the exchange of information. 协议是传输信息的规则 https://www.360docs.net/doc/fd592263.html,work architecture: describes how a network is arranged and how resources are coordinated and shared. 搭建，协调和共享 5.Terminal network: processing power is centralized in one large computer, other terminals connected to this host. 计算机能力 集中在中央主机上，即主机终端联机模式 6.Client/server networks: server nodes coordinate and supply specialized services, and client nodes request the services. 客户端请求 服务，服务器提供服务 7.Peer-to-peer networks: nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers. 各节点角色相同 8.Intranets: a private network within an organization that resembles the Internet. 企业 内部网是一个私有网络 9.Extranets: a private network that connects more than one organization. 企业间的外联网 10.Firewall: a security system designed to protect an organization’s network against external threats. 防范外部威胁 11.Proxy server: a gatekeeper to monitor and evaluate all communication. 代理服务器