2018年英语高考试题和重点模拟试题分类汇编:专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词

2018年英语高考试题和重点模拟试题分类汇编:专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词
2018年英语高考试题和重点模拟试题分类汇编:专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词

动词的时态和语态及情态动词

1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?

—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.

A. start

B. have started

C. started

D. had started

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。句意:——嗨,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没有在附近见过你。——你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知,Bob现在在这儿,他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情,周一是一个过去的时间,故该句应用一般过去时态,C选项正确。

点睛:一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday,last week,in the past,in 2017,once,a few days ago 等。

2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.

A. is working

B. was working

C. has worked

D. had worked

【答案】B

点睛:过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。

3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.

A. are growing

B. have grown

C. will grow

D. had grown

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况,故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。

点睛:现在完成时可以表示过去的事情对现在的影响,也可以表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的。常见的时间状语有:since + 时间点/从句,for two months,so far,recently,in the past/last few days 等。

4.【2018·北京】9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.

A. are trapping

B. have been trapped

C. were trapping

D. had been trapped

【答案】D

【解析】考查语态和时态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句,修饰two tourists,two tourists和trap之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态。由risked可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去”,该空应用过去完成时态。综上,D选项正确。

点睛:过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,其表达形式为had done,被动语态的表达形式为had been done。

5.【2018·北京】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.

A. need

B. should

C. can

D. must

【答案】C

点睛:can的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能)能,会;2. (表示推测)可能,可能会;3.(表示允许,请求)可以;4.(表示客观可能性)有时会。

6.【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.

A. drove

B. would drive

C. were to drive

D. had driven

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D选项正确。

点睛:1. 表示对现在的虚拟:if条件句用一般过去时,主句用would/might/could/should+do;2. 表示对过去的虚拟:if条件句用过去完成时,主句用would/might/could/should+have done;3. 表示对将来的虚拟:if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时,主句用would/might/could/should+do。

7.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach

A. had caught

B. caught

C. have caught

D. would catch

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed。故选A。

点睛:本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间,一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气,从句与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed,主句与现在事实相反。

8.【2018·天津】13. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.

A. was repaired

B. is repaired

C. is being repaired

D. has been repaired

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。句意:这周我的洗衣机正在修,所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知,洗衣机正在修,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。

点睛:本题考查时态。分析选项可以知道,4个选项都用了被动语态,本题考查的其实是不同的时态。选项A是过去时;选项B是一般现在时的被动;选项C是现在进行时;选项D是现在完成时。再结合语境进行分析,最终判断出最佳答案。

9.【2018·天津】10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.

A. should leave

B. must have left

C. might leave

D. could have left

【答案】D

点睛:情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点:第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done;如果是对现在事情的推测,才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测,表示“一定”,could为不肯定推测,表示“可能”,这样就能选出正确答案。

教育最新2018-2019年高考英语语法专题复习——时态Word版

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1. 【 高 考 上 海 理 17 】 设 10 ? x1 ? x2 ? x3 ? x4 ? 10 4 , x5 ? 10 5 , 随 机 变 量 ?1 取 值
x1、x 2、x 3、x 4、x 5 的 概 率 均 为 0.2 , 随 机 变 量 ? 2 取 值
x1
? 2
x2
、x2
? 2
x3
、x3
? 2
x4
、x4
? 2
x5
、x5
? 2
x1
的概率也均为 0.2
,若记
D?1、D? 2
分别为
?1、?2 的方差,则( )
A. D?1 ? D?2
B. D?1 ? D?2
C. D?1 ? D?2
D. D?1 与 D? 2 的大小关系与 x1、x2、x3、x4 的取值有关
【答案】A
【 解 析 】 由 随 机 变 量 ?1,?2 的 取 值 情 况 , 它 们 的 平 均 数 分 别 为 :
1 x1 ? 5 (x1 ? x2 ? x3 ? x4 ? x5 ),

x2
?
1? 5 ??
x1
? 2
x2
?
x2
? 2
x3
?
x3
? 2
x4
?
x4
? 2
x5
?
x5
? 2
x1
? ??
?
x1,
且随机变量?1 ,? 2 的概率都为 0.2 ,所以有 D?1 > D? 2 . 故选择 A.
【点评】本题主要考查离散型随机变量的期望和方差公式.记牢公式是解决此类问题的前提 和基础,本题属于中档题. 2.【高考陕西理 6】从甲乙两个城市分别随机抽取 16 台自动售货机,对其销售额进行统计,
统计数据用茎叶图表示(如图所示),设甲乙两组数据的平均数分别为 x甲 , x乙 ,中位数分
别为 m甲 , m乙,则(

A. x甲 ? x乙 , m甲 ? m乙
B. x甲 ? x乙 , m甲 ? m乙
C. x甲 ? x乙 , m甲 ? m乙
D. x甲 ? x乙 , m甲 ? m乙
【答案】B.
【解析】根据平均数的概念易计算出
x甲
?
x乙
,又 m甲
?
18 ? 22 2
?
20 ,m乙
?
27 ? 31 2
?
29
故选 B.
3.【高考山东理 4】采用系统抽样方法从 960 人中抽取 32 人做问卷调查,为此将他们随机编
号为 1,2,…,960,分组后在第一组采用简单随机抽样的方法抽到的号码为 9.抽到的 32
人中,编号落入区间?1, 450?的人做问卷 A ,编号落入区间?451, 750? 的人做问卷 B ,其余

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