friends-托福
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to make friends with intelligent people than with people who have a good sense of humor. Nowadays a great amount of attention is paid to the issue of making friends with intelligent people than with
people who have a good sense of humor. Some students hold the viewpoint that to associate with wise friends means to improve ourselves as well as a signal of high taste. However, others think humorous friends make us happy and optimistic. As far as I’m concerned, I approve the former.
First of all, clever
companions bring us abundant knowledge and unique ways of contemplation.With the precious treasures, not only can we broaden our horizon, but also obtain the substantial improvement in our all respects, which is much more significant than anything else. Life abounds with various examples. I used to make friends with a smart girl called Lily. There
were so many miraculous creations in her mind that I became addicted to the creative items and the origin of the world gradually with her influence. God knows how resistant I was to the science before. Obviously it is rather amazing to accompany with brilliant mankind.
What’s more, it seems that they are impetus to push us
to chase the ones of higher intelligence when we are around them. That is to say, when we confront our eminent friends, we may be frustrated and lack of confidence. Hence, we have to work hard in all positive ways to complete or to be comparable with them so as not to lose face. Taking myself for example, I like to be well acquainted with knowledgeable mate
because they can give me the motive to keep up wit h them, until when I will become open-minded to develop my true potentials. Nonetheless, when we make friends with someone who has a gift on humor, we may be misunderstood by our parents who tend to believe tha t humorists usually play crazily with idleness and never be aggressive.
Above all, it is sensible to make friends with intelligent people who may give us fabulous presents that can be a stable basis of lasting friendship. Only do we realize that, can we become real mature individuals and get the true confidence of life.
托福听力常见难题解题思路分享
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“Amy: why don’t we know the exact date when this head was made? Professor: That’s a fair question. We are talking about prehistory here. So obviously the artists didn’t put a signature or date on anything they did. So how do we know when this figure was carved? ” 这是在讲座第一分十秒开始的一个问答，题目的考试形式是重听题，重听内容即以上片段中的内容，那么按照答题规律，这道题目不管问法如何，答案选的是引出下文： Why does the professor say this? A. to make the point that written records are not important B. to explain why the question is worth discussing C. to justify the omission of an important point D. to express this point about the quality of prehistoric art 正确答案B选项，虽然B说的是来解释一下为什么这个问题值得讨论，但正是说明这个问题是值得讨论的，所以接下来这篇讲座讲的便是对这个问题真正的全面的回答，即所谓的引出下文。
托福口语要点解析及答题技巧
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二. 托福口语答题技巧 1. 语调轻松，不要像背书 托福口语考试是模仿交流的考试，所以一定不要给人一种你在背书的感觉。答题时要当成普通聊天，也可以加一些口头语，比如“you know”、“I mean”等等。这样的口头词语可以在你突然卡顿的时候，给你短暂的思考时间，也会让你的回答听起来更加流利和顺畅。回答期间尽量不要突然停住不说话，流利度很重要。 2. 内容丰满，自圆其说 口语答题时，一定要注意答案的丰满度，比如，举例论证的时候，一定要将例子表达完整。逻辑关系明确，如果分点回答，可以用“first，second，third”等词汇过渡，让自己的回答听起来条理清晰。答题时分论据一定要和自己的主题论据一致，能够自圆其说，切忌前后互不照应。 3. 平时多练习 托福口语的平时需要多练习，如果平时没有打好基础，那么考试中的技巧再好也是没有用的。另外，口语的练习离不开老师的指导，要及时根据老师的建议强化自己的薄弱环节。另外，平时多去用英语交流的场合练习口语。 托福口语素材之为什么我们爱看爱乐之城
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22. glamorous 富有魅力的 23. gorgeous 辉煌的 24. impressive 令人印象深刻的 25. incompatible 不和适宜的 26. indifferent 冷漠的 27. indispensable 不可或缺的 28. inexhaustible 取之不尽的 29. infectious 传染性的 30. influential 有影响力的 31. inhumane 不人道的 32. innocent 多管闲事的, 无辜的 33. instructive 智力的 34. intellectual 智力的 35. interpersonal 人际间的 36. irreparable 不可弥补的 37. luxurious 奢侈的 38. mature 成熟的 39. misleading 误导的 40. misrepresented 不如实叙述的 41. money-oriented 拜金的 42. nourishing 有营养的 43. old-fashioned/out of date 过时的 44. perilous 危险的 45. permissive 宽容的;许可的 46. pornographic 色情的
托福写作词汇
写作关键用词及短语汇总
数量词 一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of 无数innumerable ; countless 许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample 非常多（大）的tremendous 依序列举list in sequence 时间词 过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic 短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived 不合时宜的anachronism 可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time 一再time after time ; again and again 初始的preliminary 前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former 自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages 年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult 老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated 偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times 时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly 永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life 重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities 目前so far ; by far 一次就可完成的事one-time event 正/反意见（opinion） 骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove 支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold 谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of 错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect 错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior 做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite 归咎blam e…on ; put the blam e on … ;…is to blame 瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts 支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of 不会犯错的infallible 意见不和clashes of opinion 一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement 不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate 批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of…我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that.. 我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to 有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive 有意义的meaningful; fulfilling 他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit thi s… 在大家同意下by common consent of… 否定deny; withhold; negate 承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede 于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use 使…受益benefit…; do good t o…; is good for…; is of great benefit t o… 成语及俗语及搭配方式 想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking 想出come up with 找出come up with; find out 利用use; take advantage of
2017托福独立口语真题(完整版)
2017年01月07日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why. l A theater performance by the student actors l A concert provided by professional musician l A lecture from a professor Task 2 Friends may disagree with each other, and still maintain friendship. Do you agree with or disagree with this idea, why? 2017年01月14日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 You will need to accomplish an assignment to do a presentation. Which will you choose? 1. Act out a scene from a play(with a partner) 2. Explain your review of a novel you recently you read 3. Read a selection of poem Task 2 Someone choose to work in a small company or organization with a few workers. Others prefer to work in a large company or organization with thousands of employees. Which do you think is better? 2017年2月18日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 1. Which of following aspects do you think contributes most to country's success 1.many business opportunities 2.well rounded medical care system 3.a developed educational system Task 2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the popularity of the technology that focuses on entertainment, people read fewer books than before. 2017年02月25日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 Your friend will move to a school and worried about making new friends there. What kind of advice will you give him to help him make new friend in the new school? Why? Task 2 Many people prefer to read books in electronic format on a computer screen or other devices. Some other people prefer to read books on paper printed copies. Which way do you prefer? Why? 2017年02月26日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 The student is asked to write final project about the famous Historical city Which you're located in. Which we do you choose? 1 video the famous building 2 visit the old people 3 Research and write paper
六种新托福听力题型及其解题技巧
六种新托福听力题型及其解题技巧 (一六种托福听力题型易考点及其技巧点睛: 所谓最大的技巧就是“反命题”,知己知彼,才能百战不殆。想要在听力部分取得高分,不仅是在刚开始接触IBT听力时,乃至当临考的冲刺阶段在做官方样题时,也一定要将ETS 的出题思路和考核要点贯彻始终。 1、主旨题 一个段子的主旨往往出现在文章引言和开头处,而重复的最多往往一定是主旨!在听课堂演讲等学术性题目时,一定要首先把握文章最核心的主旨,主旨考题选项中过于细节的往往是错误选项; 2、功能/目的题 该题型类似于主旨题,对于任何一个长段子,首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构,只有主旨确定了,才有可能去理解细节,做推断。 3、细节题 主旨题和细节题主要是考察考生对于基本信息的理解能力(basic comprehension,除此之外ETS所要考察考生的另外两种能力分别是对于语用信息的理解(pragmatic understanding和整合信息、对全文结构把握的能力(connecting information。而基本信息的理解就占到50%的比重,可见主旨题和细节题的重要性。 对于细节题,大家不要走入误区,觉得所有的细节100%会考到,所以去关注每一个小的细节点,以至于舍本逐末,只见树木,不见森林。对于细节题,大家要把握两个原则:第一、ETS只会考察我们和主旨有关的重要细节。过于偏细节的实在没有听到,大可不必惋惜,影响后面的发挥;第二,牢牢把握住往往和考点向联系的重要信号词。比如说表示因果的accordingly, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果题。而常见的和信号词相关的考点有逻辑时间顺序、举例、列举、相似或者对比、转折、强调、因果、总结、定义、建议、数字等。
托福口语每道题的答题方法
托福口语每道题的答题方法 不管是托福口语试题的哪部分，都有其内在的出题规律和答题技巧，今天给大家带来托福口语每道题的答题方法，希望可以帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福口语每道题的答题方法 首先是第一题，preference 题或称之为“偏好题”，经过收集和研究，题型主要走人物题、地点题、事件题及物品题。由于不会出现雅思考试考官针对同一话题问两次到三次的情况，所以针对托福备考有个称之为“同一话题只需准备一个题材”的概念，也就是在备考前面对同一话题无需泛化去找另类话题，而是不断深化，思考可以囊括阐述其他人物、地点、事件或物品的通用理由。如果*开始表述，建议如同写作一样大体分为三段阐述，开题无需技巧，简单读题即可，把you 都改成me，比起I think……开头可以省去相对多的思维时间。内容一般找三个理由，为避免理由重复或累赘，建议就方便、经济、减压等常用理由进行练习，并结合不断问自己How 及Why 等问题来充实内容，完成example 的部分。最后用连词进行连接，这里有个技巧，就使用first, also, finally，因为三到六题综合题中这三个词常成为提示词出现，在前两题中使用可对其有一定敏感度。
再次是第二题，结合第一题，内容分布完全相同，并且这两题对时间把握尤其重要，要求考生进行“掐表”练习，对45s 有感性认识，当一定练习后，口语部分的考试不再是考内容的，而是考时间的，因此在考试过程中掐时间角度有很多技巧可言，比如：当阐述内容结束时时间为38s 或39s，则在最后可加句detail 或一句类似The person like me has no choice but to do sth.的长废话;当结束时时间为41s 或42s，则在最后可加一句短废话，如I find it’s cool. 最讨厌的是41s 说完这句短废话后变成42s，离perfect time 还是有3 秒钟，那么可以用一些装口吃或吞口水的考场技巧将时间掐到44s 或45s。(实践证明装口吃或吞口水不扣分)最后是三到六题的综合题部分。综合题由于会有听力和阅读，因此要求考生对信号词定位有所敏感，口语中涉及的技巧是即使不理解听力内容，结合简单的信号词如first, also, finally, but, yet, for the following reasons 等定位中心内容，遇到生疏单词、句子，记下读音，再完整地还给考官，一样得分。第三题听力内容中一男一女进行谈话，就他们对阅读内容的态度与否(支持还是反对)，不可以从语气上进行判断，要根据记录内容的回推去确认，以免犯错。 第四题是普遍认为最难的一题，但记好一个技巧：“阅读找概念，听力找例子”，由于此学术题是由同一个人出的，听力内
托福写作高级词汇整理
托福写作高级词汇整理 在托福的写作中，我们使用一些高级词汇去替换掉那些陈谷子烂芝麻的词汇可以帮助我们提高分数，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家带来托福写作高级词汇整理。 托福写作高级词汇 1) Come a long way 有很大的进步 Human being has come a long from drinking and eating raw food to talking through cell phones. 2) It is worthwhile to / it is worth doing It is worthwhile to spend time in learning music and art, because they can benefit me for life time. 3) Give credit for 归功于 The convenience that commuters (通勤者 )has now should give credit for the newly opened subway lines. 4) Give sb. a competitive edge 给某人竞争优势 Learning multiple languages give people a competitive edge in this demanding society. 5) Remove the barrier for 为(发展，交流等)消除障碍 Learning English is a way to remove the barrier for communicating with many foreigners./exchanging with exotic cultures. 6) Be the cornerstone of 是的基石 Believing in the correlation of hardworking and success is the cornerstone of American spirit. 7) Be an essential ingredient of 是的条件 A sound health is an essential ingredient of excellent academic performance. 8) profit from/benefit from 从中获益 People can profit/benefit from the advancement of modern technology, such as computers, the Internet and many digital devices. 9) is an indispensable part of 是中不可或缺的一部分 Advertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting profound influence on the way we live, work , play and learn. 10) plays a pivotal role in 扮演者至关重要的角色
托福听力五大解题技巧
托福听力五大解题技巧 1、主旨题 一个段子的主旨往往出现在文章引言和开头处，而重复的最多往往一定是主旨!在听课堂演讲等学术性题目时，一定要首先把握文章最核心的主旨，主旨考题选项中过于细节的往往是错误选项; 2、功能/目的题 该题型类似于主旨题，对于任何一个长段子，首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构，只有主旨确定了，才有可能去理解细节，做推断。 3、细节题 主旨题和细节题主要是考察考生对于基本信息的理解能力(basic comprehension)，除此之外ETS所要考察考生的另外两种能力分别是对于语用信息的理解(pragmatic understanding)和整合信息、对全文结构把握的能力(connecting information)。而基本信息的理解就占到50%的比重，可见主旨题和细节题的重要性。 对于细节题，大家不要走入误区，觉得所有的细节100%会考到，所以去关注每一个小的细节点，以至于舍本逐末，只见树木，不见森林。对于细节题，大家要把握两个原则：第一、ETS只会考察我们和主旨有关的重要细节。过于偏细节的实在没有听到，大可不必惋惜，影响后面的发挥;第二，牢牢把握住往往和考点向联系的重要信号词。比如说表示因果的accordingly, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果题。而常见的和信号词相关的考点有逻辑时间顺序、举例、列举、相似或者对比、转折、强调、因果、总结、定义、建议、数字等。 4、态度/ 推断 对话中的态度题要注意通过语气、语调、重读来推测;而由于演讲中的内容相对学术和客观，所以演讲中的态度题要注意通过形容词和副词的褒贬色彩来确定说话者的主观意图。
新托福口语难点及练习技巧解析
新托福口语难点及练习技巧解析 新托福口语难不难?难!很多托福考生整体成绩不高的一大 原因就是口语成绩拖了后腿。下面就和大家分享新托福口语难点及练习技巧解析，希望能帮助大家，来欣赏一下吧。 新托福口语难点及练习技巧解析 一. 新托福口语难点解析 新托福口语考试中不仅需要大家口语表达流利，还需要准备一些答题的素材，避免答案空洞无物。接下来，我们来具体分析一下新托福口语的难点。 1. 思考时间短，答题时间长 托福独立口语的思考时间仅有15秒，综合口语思考时间仅30秒。这么短的时间内组织出完整的答案非常困难。托福独立口语的答题时间为45秒，综合口语的答题时间为60秒，看似时间不长，但其实要45秒钟或60秒钟不停顿不磕巴地答完题并非易事。我们可以试着用中文回答托福考试中的问题，你会发现，即便是用中文，也会偶会停顿不连贯。所以不要小看45秒的答题时间，平时要做大量练习才能答好题目 2. 听力和速记能力
托福口语考试中综合口语考题需要大家听懂听力材料并且 能够记下要点。托福口语试题中不仅考察大家的口语表达能力，还要考察大家的英语听力能力和速记能力。这两点也是托福口语中的难点，大家只要把托福听力练好，做口语速记应该问题不大，归纳和复述能力则需要平时多加练习。另外，速记的时候一定要记下听力中的细节确保复述时不遗漏。 二. 新托福口语练习技巧 我们对托福口语的难点进行分析后，接下来我们要讨论一下，平时练习中如何练好托福口语。托福口语的练习应该首先从基础上做提升，把握英语答题时的节奏感，让自己的英语表达听起来很地道，然后要针对考试来练习，做对应的习题，适应考试的答题节奏和时间。 1. 如何练就地道口语表达 想要练就地道的表达，不仅要练好发音，还要练习英语表达的逻辑思维。我们生活学习的环境中讲英语的人很少，建议大家多听英语广播，多看英语电影，模仿播音主持和电影演员的发音和表达，让自己的口语听起来更地道，不会很生硬。模仿发音能够帮我们矫正发音，同时建议大家背一些经典台词和经典演讲，学习英文表达习惯。 2. 如何针对托福考试练口语
托福写作词汇分类
二. 知识与教育 (一)知识与智能 knowledge，n．知识，学问；认识；知道 knowledge acquisition 知识获取 knowledge hierarchy 知识体系 structure of knowledge 知识结构 comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识 scope of knowledge 知识面 value of knowledge 知识价值 knowledge industry 知识产业 knowledge management 知识管理 the aging of knowledge 知识老化 spread scientific knowledge 传播科学知识 thirst for knowledge 求知欲 Knowledge is infinite．／There is no limit to knowledge．学无止境(学海无涯)。 knowledgeable n．知识渊博的；有见识的 become knowledgable and professional 知识化、专业化 erudition n．博学，博识；学问；知识 erudite a．博学的，有学问的；n．博学之上，有学问的人 learned a．有学问的，博学的；精通某门学科的 a learned man 学者 learning n．知识；学问 book learning 书本知识 a man of great learning 博学之上，学问高深的人 have little learning 学识浅薄 an emergent branch of learning 一门新兴的学问 episteme n．(哲)知识 epistemic n．(哲)(关于)认识的；(关于)知识的 letters n．[用作单或复]文学；学问；文化修养 a man of letters文人 lore n．学问，知识；(有关某一学科的)全部知识 scholarship n．学术成就；学问，学识；奖学金 scholarly a．学者气质的；学者风度的
托福写作话题词汇
教育 学校教育schooling 家庭教育upbringing; parenting 课程大纲curriculum 教学大纲syllabus 必修课required/compulsory courses, 选修课elective/optional courses 课外活动extra-curricular activities 社团活动club activities 志愿者服务volunteer service 社区工作community work 实习internship 学生会student union 男生/女生联谊会fraternity & sorority 校园生活school/campus life 学校是社会的缩影a school is society in miniature 文科liberal arts/ liberal studies 理科sciences 工科engineering 人文学科humanities 社会学科social science 艺术arts 学科subject/discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education; elementary education 中学教育secondary-level education 大学教育tertiary-level education; higher education 职业教育vocational education/training 接受教育enter/get access to schools/ education 学位degree (bachelor, master, doctor/PhD) 文凭diploma, 证书certificate 青少年teenagers/adolescents/the young generation/the youths 学生students (fresh man, sophomore, junior, senior) 上课attend classes 逃课skip class, be absent from class 老师/学生为中心的课堂teacher-centered/ student-centered/ classroom 有能力的/有资格的/有经验的/良好培训的老师 competent/qualified/experienced/well-trained teachers 无能力的/不够格的/欠经验的老师 incompetent/disqualified/inexperienced/poorly-trained teachers well-equipped/ well-appointed/ well-decorated classrooms 设施良好的/装修良好的教室先进的教学设施up-to-date teaching facilities
托福听力5大类实战解题常见错误应对技巧实例讲解
托福听力5大类实战解题常见错误应 对技巧实例讲解 托福听力备考和考试中做错题目的原因大家需要重视，做完题目不能只对个答案看个解析就完事，还需要学会分析具体的原因以避免之后的重复犯错。下面就和大家分享托福听力5大类实战解题常见错误应对技巧实例讲解，来欣赏一下吧。 托福听力5大类实战解题常见错误应对技巧实例讲解 托福听力实战解题常见错误：选项翻译错误 由于对句子成分辨识不清，导致翻译出错。举个例子： What point do the speakers make about the background of The Dreamer? A. It is a good example of Beauxs unusual style of brushstroke. B. It resembles the backgrounds of other Beaux portraits. C. Its lack of clarity emphasizes the theme of the painting. D. It is meant to suggest that the woman is in a dark room. 这道题的正确答案为C，正确翻译是：“缺少清晰度的背景强调了这幅画的主题”。但很多同学把这句话中的lack 看成了谓
语动词，翻译成：“背景没有清晰地强调这幅画的主题”。这和正确的翻译截然相反，导致选错。 应对技巧： 仔细研究语法，确定好词性和句子成分。 托福听力实战解题常见错误：形近词看错 由于把选项中的形近词看混，或者把某个词看成另外一个形近词，导致理解错误。举个例子： What is the lecture mainly about? A. The environmental effects of heap roasting B. The reforestation efforts in the Copper Basin C. The process of mining and producing copper D. Damages caused during an attempt to clean up industrial waste 有部分同学把AB 选项中的effect 和effort 看混，或者把B 选项中的reforestation 看成deforestation，导致理解的意思截然不同，所以选错。 应对技巧： 仔细审题审选项，二次检查。
新托福口语答题技巧
名师指导：新托福口语答题技巧 Useful tips: (suitable for all questions) l Make it NA TURAL, pauses, such as “well”, “urn”, and “you know”, are advisable, but don’t do it too much。 l CORRECT your mistakes as soon as you find out, for example, “... I really like sta nding in, I mean, ON the mountain,”(I know it’s a bad example. What I’m trying to clarify is that it is OK to make mistakes, but you gotta correct it once you made it。) so the examiner would not count down your score。 l There is NO NEED to use freaking words, like “exonerate”, which means absolve, and “flamboyant”, which means showy. But those words are good to use in your essay。 l “The FIRST way, the LAST way, the NEVER FAILING way to develop self-confidence in speaking is-TO SPEAK.” -Dale Carnegie Independent speaking (Question 1 & 2) In this section, you are asked to present your own opinion and provide examples to support your ideas。 Useful tips: l Your answer should he as SPECIFIC as possible. You need to stick to a point UNTIL you finish it, have done with it, and need never return to it again。 l The key to score high is to make each point WELL-DEVELOPED, and that DOES NOT mean you need to make as much points as you can, two would be great。 l Truth and REASONABLE LIES are totally acceptable。 l “DO NOT say “I have three (or whatever) reasons to support my idea”, or some thing like that after you state your opinion. There is no guarantee that you are able to finish your answer within 45 seconds. Instead, you can say “I have a couple of reasons to say.” Question 1 Your answer can go like this: ”Personally, I would have to say that, um, my favorite ... is .... And there are a couple of reasons to name. The most important thing is that, you know,.... What’s more,.... So that’s why....” Question 2 Your answer can go like this: ”Well, in my opinion, I would definitely agree with the point that, um,.... The first reason that I wanna say is that.... More importantly,.... So, uh, that’s why I choose ... for the two re asons listed above.” Integrated speaking (Question 3, 4, 5 & 6) In this part, you are asked to paraphrase the man/woman’s attitude first, and then list the reasons s/he gives. In QUESTION 3, you are NOT asked to present your opinion towards this problem. However, in QUESTION 5, you REALL Y need to make a choice between the solutions that the man/woman gives。 Question 3 Your answer could go like this: ”The school has implemented a new policy that... due to .... And the man/woman holds a positive/negative view towards the announcement. The first reason s/he gives is that.... And the second one is based on the fact that....” Useful tips:
托福写作常用连词汇总
托福写作常用连词汇总 在托福作文训练中，各位网友应该有意识地使用下列连接词，这对提高作文分数是很有帮助地，大家在练习TOEFL 写作时可以参考使用。同时大家在使用这些词的时候，必须弄清楚哪些连接词是副词，哪些是连词。 1. 增补（Addition） in addition（另外，此外）, furthermore （此外，而且）, again （此外i ，再次）, also （并且，另外）, besides 此外，而且）, moreover （另外，而且）, what's more （此外）, similarly （类似的，相同的）, next, finally. 2. 比较（Comparison） in the same way （同样的，以相同的方式）, likewise （同样的，也）, similarly, equally （同样的，相等的）, in comparison （相比之下，同。。。相比）, just as （正如） 3. 对照（Contrast） Whereas （然而，反之）, in contrast （作为比较，相比较而言）, on the other hand, instead （替代，反而）, however 可是，然而，无论如何，无论怎样）, nevertheless （然而，不过，虽然如此）, unlike, even though（虽然，尽管）, on the contrary （相反，反之）, while （当。。。时候，虽然，然而） 4. 因果（Cause and effect） Because （连词，后可跟句子或者名词）, because of （副词，只能跟句子）, for （因为）, since （因为，以后，自此）, due to （由于，取决于）, owing to （由于）, thanks to （由于，幸亏）, as a result（of）（因此）, accordingly （因此，于是，相应的）, hence （因此，今后）, so, thus （因而，因此） 5. 强调（Emphasis） Certainly （当然的，的确）, above all （首先，首要）, indeed （的确，确实）, of course, surely （肯定的，确信的）, actually, as a matter of fact （事实上）, chiefly （主要的，首先）, especially （特别，尤其）, primarily （首先，主要）, in particular（尤其，特别）, undoubtedly （确实的，毋庸置疑的）, absolutely（绝对的，完全的）, most important （最重要的，关键的）