高级英语修辞格1
Rhetoric
What is rhetoric?Rhetoric is the art of using language effectively. It is concerned with punctuation, diction, figures of speech, the principles of good writing and usage. In our discussion of rhetoric, emphasis is laid on figures of speech, since they play such an important and interesting role both in literature and in our daily life.
What are figures of speech?
Figures of speech are rhetorical devices of deviations from the ordinary or literal way of expressions, with a view to producing greater impressiveness and effect.
Compare the following pairs of sentences in A and B:
A. Figurative （转义）
Just as painters draw pictures in colors, so writers paint pictures in words. They use figurative language—language that compares—to produce images in their description or narrations.
1. Sometimes non-human things are given human features (personification 拟人):
—The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.
—… “Help, let me in, please let me in!” But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly…
2. Sometimes comparisons are made using the words like or as (simile明喻): —The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.
—He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone.
—He is as stupid as an ass.
—I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o?er vales and hills.
3. More often comparisons are not stated but suggested (metaphor暗喻): —This century… man has started to look into the workings of that other universe which is inside himself—the human brain.
—His famous will… is a memorial to his interests and ideas.
—I am a ministering angel in a Mini with a heavy coat and a bag of medicine.
—There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest.
—The Bathtub Navy
—Life is a walking shadow.(or: Life is a brief candle.)
B. Literal （本义）
1. The evening sun shone on the tops of high mountains and rocks.
2. Life is short and meaningless.
Figurative language is an important stylistic device that writers use. It makes their description or narration more vivid and interesting. Understanding
figurative language is an important reading skill which helps readers to recognize the “secret power” of words and appreciate the sensory impressions and reactions created by
The main functions of Figures of speech:
1. Figures of speech excite the imagination and afford us imaginative pleasure.
2. Figures of speech are a way of bringing additional imagery (意像) into speech to concretize the abstract, of making poetry more sensuous.（给人以美感）
3. Figures of speech are a way of adding emotional intensity to other wise merely informative statements and they are a way of conveying attitudes along with information.
4. Figures of speech are a means of concentration, of speaking volumes in a few words.
5. Figures of speech are a very important part of rhetorical analysis.
In the treatment of figures of speech, emphasis is laid on usage, especially the usage of commonly used verbs, prepositions, adverbs and conjunctions that appear in the figures of speech or in related usage.
Figures of speech can fall into different types according to lexicon, syntax and phonetics.
Ⅰ. Lexical Stylistic Devices （词义修辞格）
Simile Metaphor Metonymy Synecdoche
Antonomasia Personification Transferred epithet
Irony Innuendo Sarcasm Ridicule Oxymoron
Paradox Epigram Paronomasia /pun Hyperbole Understatement（低调陈述）Euphemism Periphrasis（迂回说法）Allusion（引喻）Parody（仿拟）Syllepsis（一语双叙）Zeugma
Ⅱ.Syntactical Stylistic Devices（结构修辞格）
parallelism antithesis climax（层进）
anti-climax（渐降）Rhetorical question
Chiasmus（交错配列）Palindrome（四文）
Repetition（反复）Enallage（文法交换）
Anastrophe（倒装）Hendiadys（重言法）
Ⅲ. Miscellaneous （其他修辞格）
Apostrophe Biblical Rhetoric （仿圣经语）
Figures of Speech of Lesson One
1. Simile
Simile is a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to（比作）another, in such a way as to
clarify and enhance an image. To make the comparison, words like as, as…so, like and some other words indicating comparison or likeness such as more than, as if, resemble, resemblance are used to indicate similes and transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.
There are set expressions in the form of similes. A list of many such idioms is
given below:
A. Used with adjectives:
1) as white as a sheet/snow 苍白如纸/洁白如雪
2) as brown as a berry（果酱）
3) as dark as night
4) as green as grass
5) as bold/brave as a lion
6) as cheep as dirt
7) as cool as cucumber（泰然自若）
8) as cold as charity（慈善）像慈善机关对穷人那样冷冰冰的
9) as clean as a whistle 像哨子一样光洁
10) as clever as a barrel of monkeys
11) as clear as a bell/the day / the sun
12) as cross as two sticks / a bear with a sore head非常生气
13) as dead as a door nail 确已将死的
14) as easy as ABC
15) as dull as ditch-water非常单调乏味
16) as deaf as a post 全聋
17) as drunk as a lord 大醉
18) as dry as a bone/dust干透了
19) as different as chalk from cheese完全不同
20) as easy as falling off a log
21) as fresh as a daisy菊
22) as fit as a fiddle 非常健康
23) as free as a bird / air
24) as good as a play非常有趣
25) as hot as hell
26) as heavy as lead
27) as honest as the day非常诚实
28) as hungry as a hunter / a hawk / a bear / a wolf
29) as hard as a brick / iron / nails
30) as happy as a prince / the day is long非常幸福，非常快乐
31) as innocent as a (new-born) baby
32) as like as two peas一模一样
33) as light as a feather轻如鸿毛
34) as mad as a March hare / a hatter 极为疯狂
35) as meek as a mouse
36) as old as the hills极老
37) as pure / spotless as the driven snow（飘雪）洁如白雪
38) as pretty as a picture
39) as poor as a church mouse
40) as quiet as a mouse / mice
41) as quick as lightning / a flash
42) as rich as Croesus非常富有
43) as stubborn / obstinate as a mule
44) as silent as a grave
45) as silly as a duck
46) as slippery as an eel
47) as sure as fate千真万确
48) as steady as a rock
49) as slow as a snail
50) as sharp as a razor / a needle
51) as snug as a bug in a rug像小地毯里的臭虫一样舒服
52) as thin as a rail
53) as timid as a mouse
54) as tough as leather
55) as true as steel绝对真实可靠
56) as ugly as sin极丑，极恶劣
57) as weak as water 身体虚弱；意志薄弱
58) as wise as Solomon（所罗门，古以色列王子，以智慧著称）
Notes:
1. In the above examp les, the first …as? is sometimes omitted.
2. There is often alliteration or rhyme in similes,
E.g. as hungry as a hunter
3. An appropriate use of them does add color and flavor to the language and
the above list itself
invites attention, since it tells us something about the wit and humor of the English people and their
habit of thinking.
B. Used with verbs and verbal phrases:
1) behave like a bull in a china shop
2) blush like a schoolgirl
3) crawl like a snail
4) collapse like a house built on sand
5) come down / fall like a ton of bricks
6) drink like a fish
7) grin like a Cheshire cat总是无缘无故的笑
（源出Lewis Carroll所著的“Alice in Wonderland”，该书谈及Cheshire郡的猫总是露齿而笑，笑得
身子消失了，只见笑容。
8) have nine lives like a cat 猫有九命（指猫的生命力很强）
9) have a memory like a sieve 记忆力极差
10) hate like poison 嫉恨，深恶
11) jump about like a cat on a hot tin roof
12) look like a dying duck in thunder storm 惊慌失措
13) run like a hare
14) know ( a person ) like a book 非常了解（某人）
15) roar like a lion
16) sigh like a furnace 长声叹气
17) speak like a book 咬文嚼字
18) shake like an aspen（白杨）leaf 飕飕的抖动
19) spring up like mushrooms overnight
20) sleep like a top（陀螺）/ log 熟睡
21) take to（沉湎于）something like ( or as ) a duck to water 极爱，最喜欢
22) work like a horse / a Trojan（特洛伊人）辛苦的工作
23) They spent money like water.
24) And at once they shut up like clams.
C. more than
1) When in a fury, she is more savage than a tigress.
D. seem, resemble, resemblance
1) Seems he a dove? His feathers are but borrowed. (Shakespeare)
2) Her face resembled a silver moon.
3) Her face bore the resemblance of a moon.
4) These childhood companions seemed phantoms （幻象）in a dream now.
E. as if
1) The first time I read an excellent book, it is as if I had gained a new friend.
2) The thought hurt him, then lost edge（锋刃）, as if it had come in contact
with a breast-plate（胸铠）。
F. no more…than
A home without love is no more than a home than a body without a soul in a
man.
G. might as well…as
You might as well expect a leopard to change its spots as expect him to give up smoking.
2. Antithesis (对照)
Antithesis is a figure of speech characterized by strong contrasting words, clauses, sentences, or ideas. A
balancing of one term against another for impressiveness and emphasis. (A Handbook to Literature by
Hugh Holman) (对照是把两个意义绝然相反的句子以相同的句式进行对照，对照句要求前后两句结
构对称，语义相对立，一般具有声韵和谐，言简意赅之效果。)
E.g. To err is human, to forgive, divine.
Hope for the best, and prepare for the worst. (抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。)
It was the best of times,it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of
foolishness; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness.
(Dickens)
Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.
A world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.
(Mark Twain)
Crafty men condemn studies,simple men admire them.(Francis Bacon)
（学问之事，巧黠者鄙夷之，纯朴着赞叹之。）
Not that I?ov?d Caesar less, but that I?ov?d Rome more.
(Shakespeare)
(并非我不爱凯撒，只因我更爱罗马。)
The coward does it with a kiss, the brave man with a sword. (Oscar Wilde)
If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot sav e the few who are rich. (Kennedy)
(倘若自由的社会不能帮助众多的穷人，也就保全不了少数的富人。) Proverbs:
A fall in the pit, a gain in the wit. (吃一堑，长一智。）
Speech is silver, silence is golden. (雄辩是银，沉默是金。)
Knowledge makes you humble; ignorance makes you proud.
3. Metonymy（转喻；借代）
Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for
that of another. This substituted name may be an attrbute of that other thing or
be closely associated with
it. In other words, it involves a “change of name”, th e substituted name suggesting the thing meant.
The relation between these two things is such that the mention of one suggests the other. Metonymy is
not convertible（可变成为）into simile or metaphor. It appeals to the imagination for the association of
ideas it provokes.
Metonymy is a very useful and effective rhetorical device, for it compresses much into a single
word or short noun phrase. Most of us are probably familiar with the following examples:
Metonymy一词来自于希腊语的metonumia，意为a change of name（换名）。
转喻（或借代）就是
用A 事物的名称来代替B事物的名称。A、B两事物在某方面有着密切的联系，当提到A事物
时便自然地想起B事物，这就是借代的基础。它的重点是联想，通过联想，达到描述生动、具体、
幽默、简练的修辞效果。转喻（或借代）运用甚广，Metonymy is a very useful and effective rhetorical
device, for it compresses much into a single word or short noun phrase. Most of us are probably familiar
with the following examples:
(1) The concrete for the abstract
He has a smooth tongue. （用具体的tongue代替抽象的“口才”）
She has a good ear for music.（她欣赏音乐的能力极强。）
She has an eye for beauty. (她有审美能力。)
He never let his heart rule his head.（他从不让感情控制理智。）
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a
Frenchman.
法国人的性格集老虎和猿猴的凶残和狡猾于一身。
（用tiger、ape两具体事物分别代替抽象的“凶残、狡猾”）
Every life has its roses and thorns.（每个人的生活都有甜和苦。）
The wolf and the pig mingled together in is face.（他的脸上显现出残暴和贪婪交织在一起的表情。）
The gentleman in me made me stand up to go away, but the journalist in me made me stand still.
（我的君子风度使我站起来告辞，然而我的记者本能却使我站住不动。）Ashurst looked, and the poet in him moved.
（亚西斯特看着那光景，他身上敏感的诗人的天性使他怦然心动。）
The pen is mighter than the sword.
(2) The abstract for the concrete
All the wit(the clever and the wise people) and the learning(the learned people) were assembled here.
（所有有才智的人和有学识的人都聚集在这里。）
He is the admiration of the whole school.（他是全校敬佩的人。）
It was not only writers, you know, it was a thorough representative gathering——science, politics,
business, art, the world.
（你知道，那不仅仅是作家，而是一次各界人士应有尽有的聚会——科学界，政界，商
界，艺术节，以及其他各界人士全都来了。）
(3) The container substituting the thing contained in it:（用容器代替其内
容）
He liked the cup a bit too much.（他太贪杯。）
The coat would be beyond his miserable pocket.（他的钱少得可怜，买不起那件上衣。）
The kettle is boiling.（壶中的水开了。）
The hall applauded.（大厅里的人鼓起掌来。）
She has a large wardrobe.（他的衣服多极了。）
He sets a good table.（他的席面是挺讲究的。）
(He provides good food.)
(4) The name of a person substituting his or her works: （用作者姓名代替其作品）
I saw Qi Baishi on the wall.（我看到墙上有一幅齐白石的画。）
He was steeped in Ruskin.（他沉迷于罗斯金的作品中。）
He was driving a Ford.（他在开一辆福特牌的汽车。）
Do you like Dickens? （你喜欢狄更斯的作品吗？）
John Bull: England, or the English people
Uncle Tom: The United States of America
Ivan: the Russian people
John Doe: ordinary American citizen
British Lion: England or the English government
The bear:The former Soviet union or the Soviet government
(5) Nouns denoting color combined with certain nouns are used alone may
serve as substitutes for nouns associated with them in meaning:
He is the black sheep in the family.（害群之马）
He has a yellow streak.（怯懦的性格）
She didn?t want to be looked upon as a blue stocking.（女学者，女才子）This prize was the blue ribbon in mathematical research.（最高奖）
He might be the dark horse in the swimming contest.（出人意料的获胜者）I am afraid this factory will turn out a white elephant.（耗资甚大而受益少的东西）
His father had a green thumb.（园艺能手）
(6) A noun denoting material may indicate the thing made of it:
He is in irons.（他被囚禁。）
Old china is his delight.（瓷器是他的爱好。）
(7) Locations of government, of business or industrial enterprises
Downing Street: the British government or cabinet
The White House: the President or Executive branch of the U.S. government Capital Hill:the Legislative branch of the U.S. government
The Pentagon:the U.S. military establishment
Kremlin:the government of the former Soviet Union
Fleet Street:the British press
Wall Street: U.S. financial circles
Madison Avenue:American advertising industry
Hollywood: American film-making industry
Foggy Bottom:U.S. State Department
(8) Professions
the bar:the legal profession;
E.g. He has been called to the bar.
the bench: position (office) of judge or magistrate;
E.g. He has been appointed to the bench.
the veil: vocation of a nun;
E.g. She took the veil at 20.
the press: newspapers; newspaper reporters
E.g.He?s meeting the press this morning. What has the press to to this? Apart from Simile and Metaphor, Metonymy is today probably one of the most widely used figures of speech. Journalists and news reporters (of any medium) use it frequently and are constantly creating new substitutions. The
reason for this is not hard to see: a metonymy can express briefly and effectively what would otherwise require a whole clause or sentence. Brevity is its chief virtue and next is the ease with which it can be created and popularized.
4. Synecdoche (提喻)
Synecdoche is a figure of speech, which consists in taking a part for the whole, the whole for the part.
(1) A part for the whole (局部代整体)
You are a noble heart. (Dickens)
He has a fleet of fifty sails. (用sails代替船)
There is a sea of faces on the square.
He deserted to save his skin. (他当逃兵以苟全性命。)
She has just seen 80 winters. (years) （她刚度入八十春秋。）
Gray hair is taken care of.（尊敬老人。）
Beijing will never seek hegemony.（中国将永远不会称霸。）
Moscow and Washington will hold talks on this problem.（俄美两国将就这个问题举行会谈。）
Buckingham Palace is not expected to issue a statement on the matter.
（不能指望英国王室就此事发表一项声明。）
(2) The whole for the part (整体代局部)
The world (people) will dance at your wedding.
He felt at ease with the entire world. (他与世无争。)
Trees and flowers are looking their best to welcome t he smiling year. (Spring) China (Chinese team) won the championship at the tournament
5. Parallelism (排比)
Parallelism, as a means to achieve coherence of a sentence or paragraph has the following effects: to lead to clarity in writing; to gain emphasis; to create a pleasant rhythm in a prose passage; and to cut down the number of words needed to express an idea. The general principle of parallelism is to express similar ideas in similar grammatical forms. Almost any kind of sentence element may be placed in a parallel construction.
英语中把结构相同或相似、意义相关、语气一致的词、词组或句子并列使用的方法称为平行结构或排比。
Examples:
Single Words
Galileo studied, thought, experimented. (Past tense verbs) John is ambitious, brilliant and altruistic. (Ajectives)
约翰有抱负，有才能，而且乐于助人。
The young film star was tall, dark, and handsome. (Ajectives)
He was a miser, a bachelor, and an egotist. (Nouns)
他是一个吝啬鬼，一个单身汉，一个利己主义者。
Late for the dance, Ruth dressed hastily and carelessly. (Adverbs)
They waited four hours at the airport, reading and sleeping. (-ing forms) Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and
encourage the arts and commerce. (John F. Kennedy) (Verbs)
让我们共同来探索星球，征服沙漠，消灭疾病，开发海底，促进艺术和贸易。
Phrases
Fritz passed his time doing crossword puzzles and building model airplanes.
(V-ing phrases)
We can gain knowledge by reading, by reflection, by observation or by practice. (Prep. phrases)
求知门径颇多，或阅读，或思考，或观察，或实践。
Buying a car and beginning her job were the next steps in her life. (V-ing phrases)
Clauses
The boy denied that he had entered the room and that he had taken the money. (Object clauses)
那男孩否认他进入房间把钱拿走了。
A father who spends time with his son and who thoughtfully answers his son?s
questions will be
respected and loved.(Attributive clauses)
If you write or if you telephone, wait for two weeks until I return from
高级英语第一册修辞手法总结
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: “Get us through this mess, will Y ou?”(Para. 17) alliteration 5. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. (Para.19) personification 6. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. (Para.19) simile、onomatopoeia(拟声) 7. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. （Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.（Para. 20）simile、personification 9. and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.(Para.28) simile 10.household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2) Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3) Synecdoche 3. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.(para14) Irony 4. '' There is some doubt about that '' Darrow snorted.(para 19) Sarcasm 5. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.(para 20) Antithesis 6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie.(para 22) Alliteration; Simile 7. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breadth of his oratory as he should have. (Para 22) He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. (Para 23) The court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that Bryan. Snowball:grow quickly; spar: fight with words; thunder: say angrily and loudly; scorch: thoroughly defeat; duel: life and death struggle; storm of applause: loud applause by many people; the oratorical duel; spring the trump card.Metaphor
高级英语(2)修辞格汇总
Simile 1.They are like the musketeers of Dumas … their thoughts and feelings. 2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion…ends of the earth. 3.…like clouds of flies. 4.Everything is done… like inverted capital Ls… 5.And really it was like watching a …armed men,flowing peacefully up the r oad,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite directi on,glittering like scraps of paper. 6.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. 7.Same age,… but dumb as an ox. 8.Peter lay … coat huddled like a great hairy… 9.It was like digging a tunnel. 10.I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. 11.Grandmother Macleod, her delicately featured face as rigid as a cameo… 12.… the fragrant globes hanging like miniature scarlet lanterns on the thin hairy stems. 13.At night the lake was like black glass… 14.The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder… metaphor 1.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simpl y not a concern. 2.…did not delve intoeach other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and f eeling. 3.It was on such … suddenly the alchemy of conversation … was a focus. 4.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. 5.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. 6.The conversation was on wings. 7.As we listen… to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. 8.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries…of common sense. 9.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. 10.When E.M.Forster writes of -the sinister corridor of our age,we sit up at t he vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image. 11.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years,…are gone. 12.Down the centre…a little river of urine. 13.…in the past,… by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. 14.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. 15.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. 16.… we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a
高级英语(1)修辞格汇总
一、词语修辞格 （1）simile 明喻 ①...a memory that seemed phonographic ②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?” ③Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. ⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. ⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her. （2）metaphor 暗喻 ①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,… ②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. ③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A ④the last this intermezzo came to an end… ⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse… ⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me … ⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night... ⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart ⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... ?When railroads began drying up the demand... ?...the epidemic of gold and silver fever... ?Twain began digging his way to regional fame...
英语修辞格汇总(高级英语-第一册)
1. 明喻simile Simile refers to a direct comparison between two or more things, normally introduced by like or as. He has been as drunk as a fiddler’s bitch. 1. 他醉得像小提琴手的母狗。 2. 他曾喝得酊名大醉/烂醉如泥。 If We haven’t got any money, we can’t buy a television.It’s as plain as the nose on your face. 1. 如果我们没有钱，就不能买电视机。这就像脸上的鼻子一样清楚明了。 2. 没有钱我们就不能买电视机。这就像秃子头上的虱子——明摆着的事。 Mr. Smith may serve as a good secretary, for he is as close as an oyster. 史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他嘴巴紧得像牦蛎. 史密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他守口如瓶。 I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. 2. 隐喻metaphor Metaphor is an implied comparison between two or more things achieved by identifying one with the other. That lady tries to make sheep’s eyes at her new boss. 1. 那位女士想向新老板投去绵羊之眼。 2. 那位女士想向新老板献媚。 Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers. The dye-market, the pottery-market, and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible. Churchill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch anti-communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial. I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping
高级英语修辞手法和各课举例
常用修辞手法： 1. 比喻 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻(simile)：用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 暗喻(metaphor)：用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如： He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。 2. 换喻(metonymy) 用一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。如the White House 代美国政府或总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol。 His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。 3. 提喻(synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 4. 拟人(personification) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如： My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。 This time fate was smiling to him. 这一次命运朝他微笑了。 The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 当她经过的时候花儿向她点头致意。 5. 委婉(euphemism) 用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。例如： 用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代to die 用senior citizens代替old people 用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil 用weight watcher代替fat people 6. 双关(pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如： A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器) 一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。 “Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer. “Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以试穿一下橱窗里的那件睡袍吗？ Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天没有水使一个人虚弱。或者：七天没有水就是一周没有水。 7. 反语(irony) 使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。 8. 头韵(alliteration) 两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。例如： proud as a peacock
高级英语(1)修辞格汇总
一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。 They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖ ②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish （粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （2）metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ①It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air,
(完整word版)高级英语第一册修辞总结,推荐文档
Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) Unit 2 V: Figures of speech Metaphor: 暗喻 A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison. 暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。 1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say. 2). …I was again crushed by the thought…(Page 13, Para. 4, Line 1)
高级英语修辞总结完整版
高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻（simile） 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻（metaphor） 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusion（暗引）
高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)
高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)
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英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
高级英语1修辞手法汇总
Rhetorical Devices simile 明喻metaphor 暗喻hyperbole 夸张metonymy 转喻synecdoche 借喻euphemism 委婉语repetition 反复rhetorical question 反问句personification 拟人antithesis 对仗parallelism 排比transferred epithet 转移修饰alliteration 押头韵 anti-climax 反高潮 1. We can batten down and ride it out. （metaphor） 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. （metaphor） 3. The group heard gun-like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated.（simile） 4. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. （simile） 5. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. （simile） 6. It seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 31 2 miles away.（personification） 7. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. （simile） 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist. （simile）
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳
英语修辞手法 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力 气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
高级英语第一册修辞手法汇总
高级英语第一册修辞手法汇总
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Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: “Get us through this mess, will You?”(Para. 17) alliteration 5. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. (Para.19) personification 6. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. (Para.19) simile、onomatopoeia(拟声) 7. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. （Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.（Para. 20）simile、personification 9. and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.(Para.28) simile 10.household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2) Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3) Synecdoche 3. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.(para14) Irony 4. '' There is some doubt about that '' Darrow snorted.(para 19) Sarcasm 5. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.(para 20) Antithesis 6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie.(para 22) Alliteration; Simile 7. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breadth of his oratory as he should have. (Para 22) He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. (Para 23) The court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that Bryan. Snowball:grow quickly; spar: fight with words; thunder: say angrily and loudly; scorch: thoroughly defeat; duel: life and death struggle; storm of applause: loud applause by many people; the oratorical duel; spring the trump card.Metaphor