华侨大学2012年《529规划设计(6小时快题)》考研专业课真题试卷
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华侨大学哲学综合历年考研真题(2008-2017)
华侨大学哲学综合历年考研真题 （2008-2017） 2017年 一、名词解释（每题8分，共80分） 1．实事求是 2．意识形态 3．解放生产力4．《尼各马可伦理学》5．奥康的剃刀6．实践哲学（康德）7．道德（老子）8．禅宗 9．颜元 10．自然 二、简答题（每题20分，共40分） 1. 简析宋明理学在继承和发展传统儒学中表现出的主要特点。 2. 为什么说笛卡尔是“近代哲学之父”？ 二、论述题（共30分） 1. 试用历史唯物主义的有关原理说明人的全面发展。 2016年 一、名词解释（每题8分，共40分） 11．天人合一 12．人为自然立法 13．美在自由 14．人是环境的产物 15．美德即知识 二、简答题（每题15分，共60分） 1. 如何理解“天下万物生于有，有生于无”？ 2. 如何理解“话语即权利”？ 3. 简述基督教博爱和儒家仁爱的不同？ 4. 如何理解“神是人按照自己的形象造出来的”？ 二、论述题（每题25分，共50分） 1. 论述“感性具体”和“思维具体”的异同点？ 2. 谈谈“物质资料生产方式是人类发展的决定力量原理”。 2015年 一、名词解释（每题8分，共40分） 1.万法唯识
2.存在先于本质（萨特） 3.认识你自己（苏格拉底） 4.否定之否定 5.道法自然 二、简答题（每题15分，共60分） 1．如何解释“人不能两次踏入同一条河流”？ 2．如何理解马克思说的“人体解剖对猴体解剖是一把钥匙”？ 3．为什么同是儒家学派，孟子主张“性善”而荀子主张“性恶”？ 4．如何理解古希腊哲学家普罗泰戈拉所说的“人是万物的尺度”？ 三、论述题（每题25分，共50分） 1.论述自由与必然的辩证关系？ 2.谈谈你心目中的“实证主义”。 2014 年 一、范畴解释（每题14分，共70分） 1. 思维具体 2. 商品拜物教 3. 物各自胜（郭象） 4. 德性感知（张载） 5. 印象与观念（休谟） 二、问答题（每题20分，共80分） 1. 为什么说资本不是一种物，而是一种以物为媒介的人和人之间的社会关系？ 2. 为什么说“全部社会生活在本质上是实践的”？ 3. 试述王阳明的“知行合一”思想。 4. 试述亚里士多德的“四因说”，并举例说明。 2013 年 一、名词解释（每题20分，共60分） 1. 心即理 2. 数本原说 3. 社会存在
2012年考研英语及答案解析1
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM) 跨考英语教研室—杨凤芝 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points) The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot_____ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law______ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that_____ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial. Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be____ as im partial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _____ by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself_______ to the code of conduct that ______to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other cases ______the question of whether there is still a _____ between the court and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law____ having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions ____ they would be free to ____those in power and have no need to_____ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _____. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social ______like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _____is inescapably political — which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _____ as unjust. The justices must _____doubts about the court’s legitimacy by maki ng themselves _____to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _____, convincing as law. 1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2 A when B best C before D unless
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题 Section 1 Use of Eninglish Directions : Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries。 His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe。 GI .joe had a career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyleportrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles wereor what towns were captured or liberated, His reportsthe “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both menthe dirt and exhaustion of war, the of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,the most important person in their lives。 1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded 4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against 7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down 9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither 11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony 13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human 15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained 16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted 17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired 18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea 19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond
2012年考研英语二真题及解析
2012年考研英语(二)真题试题及答案 Section 1 Use of Eninglish Directions : Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and women who 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac …a working class name.The United States has 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe. GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives. 1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded 4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes 5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against 7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down 9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither 11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony 13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human 15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained 16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted
2012年考研英语试题及答案
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot 1 its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3 the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5 by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself 6 to the code of conduct that 7 to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases 8 the question of whether there is still a 9 between the court and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10 having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions 11 they would be free to 12 those in power and have no need to 13 political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely 14 . Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15 like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it 16 is inescapably political—which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17 as unjust. The justices must 18 doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves 19 to the code of conduct. That would make ruling more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, 20 , convincing as law. 1. [A] emphasize [B] maintain [C] modify [D] recognize 2. [A] when [B] lest [C] before [D] unless 3. [A] restored [B] weakened [C] established [D] eliminated 4. [A] challenged [B] compromised [C] suspected [D] accepted 5. [A] advanced [B] caught [C] bound [D] founded 6. [A] resistant [B] subject [C] immune [D] prone 7. [A] resorts [B] sticks [C] loads [D] applies 8. [A] evade [B] raise [C] deny [D] settle 9. [A] line [B] barrier [C] similarity [D] conflict 10. [A] by [B] as [C] though [D] towards 11. [A] so [B] since [C] provided [D] though 12. [A] serve [B] satisfy [C] upset [D] replace 13. [A] confirm [B] express [C] cultivate [D] offer 14. [A] guarded [B] followed [C] studied [D] tied 15. [A] concepts [B] theories [C] divisions [D] conceptions 16. [A] excludes [B] questions [C] shapes [D] controls
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解Section I Use of English 1.【答案】B 【解析】从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。其他都不符合题意。 2.【答案】B 【解析】空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。 3.【答案】A 【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。 4.【答案】A 【解析】necessities表示“生活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(食物和住宿)这些就是维持生存最起码的条件。Facilities是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。 5.【答案】C 【解析】not…but，“不是，而是”表转折，不是自愿兵，也没有高的报酬，而是一个普通人。所以选C。 6.【答案】D 【解析】这道题主要考查介词的搭配。根据up______(the best trained, bestequipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌人，所以选D选项against。 7.【答案】C 【解析】GI。在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。选C。 8.【答案】A 【解析】该句意思为，GI。这个符号出现在给士兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，一代一代传下来”在句意上都说不通。 9.【答案】C 【解析】空所在句子的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，一个从未爬到社会顶层的人的名字。Manage表示再怎么经过努力，最终也未获得成功，所以选C。 10.【答案】B 【解析】结合第9题的分析可知，空所在句子实际上是进一步举例说明Joe没有取得大的成就：从来都不曾出现叫做Joe的总统、副总统、国务卿。根据句意只能选never，B。 11.【答案】D 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在的语境为：GI .Joe有_ _ 的军旅生涯，曾和德国，美国以及韩国的军队作战。由此语境确定选D，其他几项均不符合题意。 12.【答案】B 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：他身上体现着美国人的某些特色，或身上结合了美国人的诸多特性。结合语境，可知作者想表达在他身上有很多美国人的典型特色，因而选B。 13.【答案】C 【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：Pyle _ _ 的士兵也本色出演了该片。结合上句对Ernie Pyle的介绍，可知为一战地记者(warcorrespondent)，确定答案C。
2012考研英语二真题及答案
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二试题 National Entrance Test of English Ⅱ for MA/MS Candidates (NETEM) Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points) Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that?s not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World WarⅡand the people they liberated, the GI. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name isn't much. GI. is just a military abbreviation 7 .Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka. Joe Magrac...a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe. G.I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character. or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G.I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Emie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the “Willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 the most important person in their lives. 1.[A] performed [B] served [C] rebelled [D] betrayed 2.[A] actual [B] common [C] special [D] normal 3.[A] bore [B] cased [C] removed [D] loaded 4.[A] necessities [B] facilities [C] commodities [D] properties 5.[A] and [B] nor [C] but [D] hence 6.[A] for [B] into [C] form [D] against 7.[A] meaning [B] implying [C] symbolizing [D] claiming 8.[A] handed out [B] turn over [C] brought back [D] passed down 9.[A] pushed [B] got [C] made [D] managed
华侨大学 历年真题汇总+答案
中外建筑史 一名称解释: 四阿顶:(04) 即四面坡的庑殿顶，宋代称四阿顶，或称五脊殿。 举折: (04) 为取得凹曲屋面，需要相应地确定步架的高度。这种方法，宋《营造法式》中称为“举折” 步架: (04) 檩与檩中心线之间的水平距离称为步架，宋代梁以步架数命名。 草架: (04) 收分：（04） 院落: (06) 模数: (06) 补间铺作: (07)宋代建筑位于两柱之间阑额上的外檐斗栱称补间铺作，即清代的平身科。补间铺作的数量，通常当心间用2朵。其他次、稍各间用1朵。各补间铺作的分布尽量使之间隔大体匀称。 藻井: (07) 是平棊向上凹入的部分，通常位于天花板的核心位置。常见的是八角形的“斗八藻井”，也有圆藻井，藻井的设置起到了烘托空间和强化空间重点的作用。减柱造: (07) 叠涩: (08) 以砖石层层向外出跳之法，用于砖石建筑的出檐，或须弥座束腰上下枋的出跳。 普拍枋: (08)宋代建筑阑额与柱顶上四周交圈的一种木构件，犹如一道腰箍梁介于柱子与斗拱之间，既起拉结木构架作用，又可与阑额共同承载补间铺作，明清称为平板枋。
移住造: (08) 柱式: (04) 古希腊柱式源于木结构，建筑的改进集中于柱子、檐部与基座以及各 个构件本身的处理，逐渐形成了稳定成套的做法，后被古罗马人称为“柱式”，所谓 柱式即决定古希腊建筑形式的柱子格式，是古希腊崇尚人体美的美学观点在建筑上的 典型反映。 帕拉提奥母题: (04) 意大利文艺复兴时期帕拉帝奥大胆创造的一种券柱式。具体 做法是在每间中央按适当比例发一个券，券脚落在两个独立的小柱子上，上面架着额 枋，小额枋之上开一个圆洞，每开间里有3个小间。构图特点：虚实互生、有无相成； 方的、圆的对比丰富；小柱子与大柱子也形成了尺度的对比，映照着立面的雄伟。后 常常被引用，不过适应性较小。代表：圣马可图书馆二楼立面、巴齐礼拜堂内部侧墙。 帆拱: (04) 拜占庭时期为解决在平面上盖穹顶的几何形状承接过渡问题的做法。其做法是在在4个柱墩上，沿方形平面的4边（发券），在4个券之间砌筑以方形平面（对角线）为直径的穹顶，又在4 个券的顶点之上作水平切口，水平切口和4个发券之间所余下的4个角上的球面三角形部分，称为帆拱。圣索菲亚大教堂使用了帆拱。 成就：1.把顶的重量传递给四角，摆脱承重墙，空间不封闭，平面灵活多变。 2.方形平面做圆形穹顶 3.在穹顶的统帅下完成了集中式构图。 巴西里卡: (04) 水晶宫: (04) 博览会展览馆，1850年建于伦敦海德公园，外形为梯形长方体，征集方案要 求一年内完成，因博览会结束时能搬走，园艺师J·帕克斯顿采用“植物温室”构造 方式，完全采用铁和玻璃建造，不到半年装配完成，博览会后拆掉。
2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(完整版)及参考答案
Section ⅠUse of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points） ①The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. ②The court cannot 1 its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave like politicians. ③Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3 the court’s reputation for being independent and 69 impartial. ④Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. ⑤That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments. ⑥Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5 by an ethics code. ⑦At the very least, the court should make itself 6 to the code of conduct that 7 to the rest of the federal judiciary. ⑧This and other similar cases 8 the question of whether there is still a 9 between the court and politics. ⑨The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10 having authority apart from politics. ⑩They gave justices permanent positions 11 they would be free to 12 those in power and have no need to 13 political support. ?Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely 14 . ?Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15 like liberty and property. ?When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it 16 is
2012年考研英语一真题及答案完整解析(1)
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一） The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust. The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law. 1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize 2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless 3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated 4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted