2018最新版新目标八年级英语下册单元知识点归纳

2017年春人教版八年级英语下册知识点Unit 1. what’s the matter?

一．重点短语归纳

1. foot---feet 脚 <复> tooth---teeth 牙齿 <复>

2. have a cold 感冒

3. have a stomachache 胃疼

4. have a sore back背疼

5. have a sore throat喉咙疼

6. have a fever发烧

7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息have a rest 休息

8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶

9. see a dentist 看牙医see a doctor 看医生

10.drink lots of water多喝水

11.lots of ,a lot of, 许多。大量a lot

a lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：

There are lots of （a lot of）books in our library. There is a lot of water on the ground

a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思；Thanks a lot.

12. have a toothache牙疼

13. That’s a good idea好主意

14. go to bed 去睡觉go to bed early 早上床睡觉

15. feel well感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服

I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.

16. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事

to do 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情doing是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。

17. two days ago两天前

18. get some rest 多休息, 休息一会儿

19. I think so我认为是这样

20. be thirsty口渴

21. be hungry 饥饿

22. be stressed out紧张

23. listen to music听音乐

24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式

25. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医

26. need to do sth 需要做某事

I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛, 我需要去看牙医.

We need to keep our classroom clean. 我们需要保持教

室的干净.

27. too much + 不可数名词太多的…

much too +形/副实在太…极其，非常

too many + 可数名词复数太多的…

28.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益，对什么有好处

be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害

be good to 对…好

be good at =do well in 在……方面好，擅长

be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法

1.be good for 对......有益

Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。

2.be good at 擅长于......

Li Ping is good at basketball.

李平擅长于篮球。

= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于打篮球。

be good at = do well in 如：

I'm good at math. = I do well in math.

我擅长于数学。

3.be good to 对......好

Parents are always good to their children.

父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。

29.get good grades 取得好成绩

30.angry 用法be angry with sb生某人的气

I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。

be angry at/ about sth 就某事生气

31.It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。It’s important to do sth . 做某事很重要。

32.balanced diet平衡饮食

33.get tired 感到疲倦be/get tired

34.stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health

35.He shouldn’t eat anything

=He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.

36.give sb some advice给某人建议give advice 提出建议

advice 是不可数名词

a piece of advice 一则建议take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议

He gave me some good advice.

他向我提了一些很好的意见。

49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时，get enough sleep 得到充足的睡眠

50.take medicine 吃药服药

I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。

二固定结构

It’s +形容词+ for sb. + to do sth.

做某事对某人来说是…的。

It’s important to do sth .做某事很重要。

It’s important for me t o eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.

It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。

It’s easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的

三．重点句子

1.What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？

=What’s the trouble with you?=What’s wrong with you?

I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache

2.That’s too bad. You should / shouldn’t…那太糟糕了. 你应该/不该…

You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .

He shouldn’t eat anything = He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西.

3.I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替

I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.

4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么时候开始的？大约两天前

5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来

这里better是well的比较级

10.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet .

有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。→ It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易/ It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要

四．知识结构

○1.情态动词should的用法

should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。

情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为"应该......"。should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。

eg. You should wait a little more.

你应该再多等一会儿。

--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。

--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。

○2maybe与may be

1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：

Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。

He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可

能也来自美国。

2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如：

He may be from the USA, too.他可能也来自美国。

She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师

○4few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系：

1.few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示有肯定意思，有几个。例如：

He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。

There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。

2.little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。

a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。例如：

There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?

我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？

3 not…until直到…(否定句) 才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词

She didn’t leave until we came.

He went shopping after he got up.

=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.

……until/till直到···（肯定句）动词为延续性动词We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.

Unit 2 I'll help clean the city parks.

一．知识点：短语动词小结

常见短语动词结构有下面几种：

1.动词+副词如：give up 放弃turn off 关掉stay up 熬夜

这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放

在短语动词后。

2. 动词+介词如：listen of 听look at 看belong to 属于

这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。

3. 动词+副词+介词如：come up with 提出，想出run out of 用完，耗尽

4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加catch hold of 抓住

1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作如：cheer me up 使我高兴clean up 打扫clean-up n. 打扫

2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n. 家

4. sick adj. 生病的作表语、定语ill adj. 生病的作表语，不能作定语

5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献volunteer n. 志愿者

6. come up with 提出想出=== think up 想出

catch up with 赶上追上

7. put off doing 推迟做某事put on 穿上(指过程) put up 张贴

8. write down 写下记下9. call up 打电话

make a telephone call 打电话

10. set up 成立建立

The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。

11. each 每个各自的强调第一个人或事物的个别情况常与of 连用

every 每个每一个的一切的则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用

12. put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用

They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用

13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事help him (to) study

help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事help him with English

help do 帮助做某事help study

14. plan to do 计划做某事plan + 从句

I plan to go to Beijing. === I plan (that) I will go to Beijing.

我计划去北京。

15. spend … doing 花费…做… I spent a day visiting Beijing.

我花了一天的时间去参观北京。

spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.

16. join 参加(指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党

take part in 参加(指参加活动) 如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会

17. run out 与run out of

①run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本

身就含有被动意义。

His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。

Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。

②run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。

He is always running out of money before pay day.

他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。

两者在一定条件下可以互换

如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。

Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time

18. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像

be similar to 与..相像take after 相像

look after 照顾take care of 照顾

19. work out v. + adj.

①结局，结果为

The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。

②算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）

He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。

He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。

I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。

21. hang out 闲荡闲逛

I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。

22. be able to do 能会be unable to do 不能不会

23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事如：

thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我

24. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问

You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。

25. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…

She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。26. hand out 分发hand out bananas

give out 分发give out sth to sb. 分….给某人

give up doing 放弃... give up smoking 放弃吸烟give away 赠送捐赠give away sth. to . (iv)

away money to kids

give sb. sth. 给某人某东西give me money 给我钱

give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西give money to me 给我线

27. help sb. out 帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)

I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。28. train n. 火车train v. 训练

train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事

She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。

29. at once == right away 立刻马上如：

Do it at once. 马上去做。

I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。30. one day 有一天(指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如：

One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。

34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的disable v. 不能36. volunteer ①可数名词“志愿者” ②adj. 自

愿的

vi. volunteer to do sth They are the Chinese People’s Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。

I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。

二．句子

1．We can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from

now. 我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。

2．She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school.

她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用

3．Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.

帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。

4．The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school.

这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。

5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。

6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.

几米想出的这个办法很效。

8．We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。

9．You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。

10．He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who

don’t have bikes. 他现在有16辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

一．重要词组及短语

1. could you please do sth.? 你能……吗？/ 请你干……好吗？

2. do the chores 做杂务

3. do the dishes 洗餐具

4. sweep the floor 清扫地板

5. take out the trash 倒垃圾

6. make one's bed 铺床

7. fold one's clothes 叠衣服

8. clean the living room 清扫客厅

9. stay out late 晚归

10. come over 过来

11. have a test 考试

12. get a ride 搭车

13. use one's computer 使用某人的电脑

14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事

15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服

17. wash the car 刷车

16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭

18. work on 从事，忙于work at 学习、致力于、在……上下工夫

19. borrow some money 借一些钱

borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)

lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)

You can borrow some money from your brother. 你可以向你哥哥借些钱。

Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗？

20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事

They invited me to join their club. 他们邀请我参加

俱乐部。

invite sb to a place 邀请某人去某地invite you to my party

21. go to the store 去商店

22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事agree with sb. 同意某人的意见

disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事

disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见

23. take care of = look after 照顾、照看、照料take good care of = look after … well 把……照管得好

26. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步

27. play with sb. 和某人玩

28. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(做过)

（2）关于to 的短语总结：

have to do sth. 不得不，必须做某事

need to do sth. 需要做某事

hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事

like to do sth. 喜欢做某事

want to do sth. 想做某事

love to do sth. 热爱做某事

forget to do sth. 忘记做某事

start to do sth. 开始做某事

begin to do sth. 开始做某事

ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事

二．重点句型

1. Could you please clean your room?

Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.

2. Could I please use the car?

Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.

在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could 代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could 看作can 的过去式。以上两句中用could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could 之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?

作允答可以各种各样：

如同意可以说Yes，或Sure 或Certainly，还可说Yes, (do) please. 或Of course. (you may / can). 或That's OK / all right.

如果不同意，可以说I'm sorry you can't. 或I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。

Unit4.Why don’t you talk to your parents?

一、重点短语1. have free time有空闲时间

2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛

4. after-school classes课外活动课

5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架

6. until midnight直到半夜

7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈

8. too many太多

9. study too much学得过多

10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠

11. write sb. a letter给某人写信

12. call sb. up打电话给某人

13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶

14. look through翻看

15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气

16. a big deal重要的事

17. work out成功地发展;解决

18. get on with和睦相处；关系良:

19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架

20. hang over笼罩

21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

23. so that以便

24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事

25. all the time一直

26. in future今后

27. make sb. angry使某人生气

28. worry about sth. 担心某事

29. copy one’ s homework抄袭某人的作业

30. be oneself做自己

31. family members 家庭成员

32. spend time alone独自消磨时光

33. give sb. pressure给某人施压

34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架

35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争

36. free time activities业余活动

37. get better grades取得更好的成绩

38. give one’ s opinion提出某人的观点

39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧

40. practice sports体育训练

41. cause stress造成压力

42. cut out删除

一. 重要词汇和句型

1. get ( 1 ) 买get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 为某人买某物

Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?

== Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?

( 2 ) 得到, 到达

Where did you get the book ?

When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night .

(3) 使, 让get + 宾语+ 宾补使某人\ 某物怎么样

Please get you coat clean .

Get your mouth closed .

get sb. to do sth. 使某人\ 某物做某事

I got him to call Jim yesterday .

(4) ( 逐渐) 变得…

The weather gets warmer and days get longer .

Why did the teacher get angry ?

2. how about \ what about 后跟名词\ 代词\ 动词ing形式。

( 1) 向对方提出建议或请求

How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ?

(2) 向对方征求意见或看法

How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ?

( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况

How about the weather in Hainan Island ?

How about your parents ? Are they living with you ? ( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文

I’m forty years old . How about you ?

I’m from Beijing . How about you ?

3. receive 收到The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .

receive a letter from == get a letter from == heard from收到某人的信

I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .

== I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .

== I heard from my parents last Sunday .

accept 接受

He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts .

She was very glad to receive the invitation .

He didn’t receive a good education at university .

I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .

4. a 6--year – old child 一个六岁的孩子

6--year – old 是由“数词+名词+ 形容词” 构成的复合形容词, 作前置定语,

修饰后面的名词child .

数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：

a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩 a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子

a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房 a two-inch-thick dictionary一本两英寸厚的词典

5. too … to… 太…… 而不能……

too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式. 句子的主语与

动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb.

He is too young to join the army ( 军队) . 他年纪太小，不能去参军。

The math problem is too difficult for me to work out . 这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。

too … to… 可以与enough to 和so… that … 转换.

与enough to转换时, enough 前的形容词, 副词必须是too 后面形容词,

副词的反义词, 并使用其否定句式.

She is too young to do the work .

== she isn’t old enough to do the work .

与so… that … 转换时, that 后面的从句要用否定形式.

Tom is too tired to walk any farther .

== Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .

6. cost 1) 动词, 花费\ 价值(多少钱)

How much did it cost ? 这花了多少钱？

I didn’t buy it because it cost too much . 我没有买，因为它太贵了。

The meal cost us about 100 yuan . 这顿饭花费了我大约100块3.

7. pay , spend , cost , take 的区别

pay 花费( 多少钱) , 主语是人. Sb. pay some money for sth.

I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . 我上个星期花了5000买电脑。

Spend 花费( 多少钱或时间),主语是人. Sb. spend some money on sth.

Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.

I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .

She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . 她花了2个小时做作业。

cost 花费( 多少钱) , 主语是物. Sth. cost sb. some money .

This jacket cost him 200 dollars . 这件夹克衫花费她200美元。

take 花费(时间),主语为It It takes sb. some time to do sth .

花费某人多少时间做某事

How long does it take sb. to do sth ?

花费某人多少时间做某事?

It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework . 刘红花

了2个小时做作业。

8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep

sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作.

I am very tired . I want to sleep . 我很累，想睡觉。

sleeping , Sleep 的现在分词, 表示“ 正在睡觉”

Don’t make so much noise . The baby is sleeping . 不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。

sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的.

I am a little sleepy. I’d like to go to bed . 我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。

asleep 睡着了的.

The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school .

老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间

I couldn’t fall a sleep until it was very late last night . 我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。

be asleep 表示睡着后的状态, “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间.

He was asleep for three hours . 他睡了3个小时。9. choose 动词, “ 选择,挑选” , 过去式chose, 过

去分词chosen

choose to do sth. 选择做某事

We choose Mike as our leader ( 领导). 我们选择迈克作为我们的领导。

Will you help me choose a dictionary ? 你会帮我选

一本字典吗？

10. open ( 1 ) 动词, 打开, 开业, 开张, 展现Would you mind opening the window ? 你介意我把窗户打开吗？

( 2 ) 形容词, be open 开着的, 开放的

On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public . 在周末，这个游泳池是对公众开放的。

close 动词, 关闭, 关上, 合上

closed 形容词, be closed 关着的, 关闭的

11. rather than 而不是…… 后面跟名词, 代词, 从句

The color seems green rather than blue . 这种颜色看上去像绿色而不是蓝色。

We depend on you rather than on him . 我们依赖的是你父亲而不是他。

prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 宁愿…… , 也不……

She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us . 她宁愿待在家里也不愿和我们一起去。

12. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示“ 反而, 相反”

I didn’t go to the cinema last night，instead, I watched a football match on TV.

我昨天晚上没有去看电影，反而是在家里看了场足球赛。

( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示“ 作为代替, 而是”

I don’t like this one , please give me that instead . 我不喜欢这件，给我那件吧。

instead of 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词, 介词短语.表示“ 代替, 而不是”

We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 电梯) .

我们不是坐电梯下来，而是走楼梯。

13. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事

Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves .

家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情，

14. progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展” make progress “取得进步, 取得进展”

Tom is now making great progress at school . 汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。

15. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对( 做)某事感兴趣

否定表达是take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对( 做)某事不感兴趣

Do you take an interest in English ? 你对英语感兴趣吗？

Most children take an interest in playing computer games . 大多数孩子对电脑游戏很感兴趣。

21. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友

Would you like to make friends with us ? 你想和我们交朋友吗？

Unit5 . What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

一、重点短语

1. make sure 确信;确认

2. beat against... 拍打… …

3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着

4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失

5. wake up 醒来

6. in a mess 一团糟

7. break.. . apart 使……分离

8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候

9. at the time of 当.......时候

10. go off (闹钟)发出响声

11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡

12. miss the bus 错过公交车

13. pick up 接电话

14. bring... together 使……靠拢

15. in the area 在这个地区

16. miss the event 错过这个事件

17. by the side of the road 在路边

18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线

19. walk by 走路经过

20. make one’s way to. ?. 在某人去……的路上

21. hear the news 听到这个消息

22., important events in history 历史上的重大事件

23., for example 例如

24., be killed 被杀害

25., over 50 5 0多(岁）

26. a school pupil 一个小学生

27. on the radio 通过广播

28., in silence 沉默;无声

29., more recently 最近地;新近

30., the World Trade Center 世贸中心

31., take down 拆除;摧毁

32., have meaning to 对……有意义

33., remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

34., at first 首先;最初

一.重要短语和句型

1. arrive at 到达(小地方) arrive in到达(大地方) reach 到达get to 到达

I arrived in Beijing last night . === I reached Beijing last night .

== I got to Beijing last night .

如果宾语是副词here, there, home, 要把at \ in \ to省略:

arrive here \ there \ home

get here \ there \ home

2. in front of… 在…… 的前面(某一范围外的前面) in the front of … 在…… 的前面(某一范围内的前面) There are some big trees in front of the classroom building . 在教室的前面有一些大树。

I like sitting in the front of the taxi . 我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。

3. take off (1)起飞When did the plane take off yesterday ? 飞机什么时候起飞？

(2) 脱下(衣帽等) He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room . 他一进房间就脱掉了外套。

(3) 取消They will take off the 5 am train . 他们取

消了早上5点的火车。

4. get out (of ) … 从……离开\出去\下来

A car stopped and a girl got out of it .

但从汽车\火车\船\飞机\马匹上下来, 用get off … . 5．follow (1) 跟随I followed him up he hill . 我跟着他上了山.

(2) 沿着……前进Follow this road until you get to the

post office .顺着这条路一直到邮局.

(3) 听懂,理解Could you speak more slowly ? I can’t follow you . 你能说慢点吗？我听不懂。

(4 )follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事Please follow me to read the story . 请跟我读这个故事。

6. amazing 形容词,修饰名词令人惊奇的, 令人惊讶的What an amazing book ! 真是令人惊讶的书本。amaze动词使某人惊讶Your letter amazed me .你吓到我了。

be amazed at … 对…… 感到惊讶Everyone was amazed at the bad news . 每个人对这个坏消息都感到惊讶。

7. shout at 大声喊叫多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊

Don’t shout at the little boy . He is too youn g . 不要对

他大叫，他还太小。

shout to 大声喊叫多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊

We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us .我们应该朝他叫喊，否则他听不到我们的声音。

8. happen 发生具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生

(1 ) happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday . 昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。

(2 ) sth happens to sb. 某人发生了某事

An car accident happened to him last month .上个月他发生了交通事故.

take place发生(1) 按计划进行或按计划发生

Great changes have taken place in China in recent years .最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.

(2 ) (运动\ 活动\会议等) 举行

The meeting will take place next Friday . 运动会将于下星期五举行。

take the place of 代替, 取代

Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal . 塑料有时能代替木材和金属.

take one’s place 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的职务. Come to take my place . my seat is near the window .

来做我的位置，我的座位靠近窗户。

9. anywhere 任何地方常用于否定句或疑问句中. Did you go anywhere last night ? 你昨天还去了别的地方了吗？

somewhere 某个地方用于肯定句

Some and see me . Then we’ll go out somewhere . 来我家找我，然后我们出去逛逛。

everywhere 处处, 到处=== here and there

I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere.

尽管我到处都找过了，还是找不到我的钢笔。

10. silence 名词, 寂静\ 无声

There’s nothing but silence in the room . 屋内寂静无声.

Keep in silence . 保持沉默.

silent 形容词, 沉默的, 寂静的

The old house was quite silent . 这所老房子寂静无声. The cat moved on silent feet . 那只猫无声地走动着. 11．hear 听到Can you hear someone knocking at the door ? 你听到有人敲门了吗？

(1) hear of 听说, 后接表示人或物的词

I have never heard of him before . 我以前从来没有听说过他.

( 2 ) hear about 听说, 后接表示事件的名词

I’ve just heard about his illness .我刚刚听说他生病的事.

Have you heard about the accident ? 你听说了那场事故吗?

(3 ) hear from 收到某人的来信

I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday .我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信.

12. 主语+ be + one of the + 形容词最高级+ 复数名词+ in \ of 短语.

…… 是……中最……的……之一.

This was one of the most important events in modern American history .

这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一.

Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China . 厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。

13. experience (1)名词经验, 不可数名词; 经历, 体验, 可数名词

Have you had any experience of fishing ? 你有钓鱼的经验吗?

Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa ?你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?

(2) 动词经历, 感觉

The children experienced many difficulties this time .这次孩子们经历了许多困难.

experienced 形容词有经验的

be experienced in \at doing sth. == have much experience in \ at doing sth. 做某事很有经验.

She is an experienced teacher .他是一个经验丰富的教师.

He is very experienced in \at repairing cars . 他修车很有经验.

14. as … as … 和…… 一样… . 两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形.

He works as carefully as she . 他和她一样工作认真. She is as tall as her mother . 她和母亲一样高.

not as … as…. 不如某人…

He isn’t as \ so old as he looks . 他不像看起来那么老. She doesn’t run as \ so fast as her brother .她不如她哥哥跑得那么快.

15. have fun == have a good\ great\ wonderful time

==enjoy oneself玩得开心,过得愉快

Did you have fun at the party ? 昨天在派对上玩的开心吗？

== Did you have a good\ great \ wonderful time ?

== Did you enjoy yourself ?

have fun doing sth.开心做某事

I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正开心的弹吉他呢。

16．accident 事故, 意外遭遇

He was killed in an accident .他死于一起意外事故.

traffic accident 交通事故

Many people die in traffic accidents every year . 每年有很多人死于交通事故。

by accident 偶然, 意外地

We met at the airport by accident . 我们偶然在机场遇见。

17．scared 恐惧的, 害怕的

afraid恐惧的, 害怕的I’m very scared \ afraid . 我很害怕.

be scared \ afraid of sth 害怕某物

Are you scared \ afraid of snakes ? 你害怕蛇吗？

be scared \ afraid to do sth害怕做某事

He is scared \ afraid to go out at night . 他害怕晚上出去。

be scared \ afraid of doing sth害怕做某事

He is scared \ afraid of going out at night .

18. think about 考虑(某个计划)

They are thinking about moving to Beijing . 他们考虑搬去北京。

think of 认为What do you think of the movie ?

=== how do you like the movie ?

你认为这部电影怎么样?

think over 仔细思考

We need a few days to think over this matter . 我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。

二. 感叹句.

1. what 引导的感叹句

(1) What a beautiful girl (she is ) ! 多么美的姑娘呀!

(2) What a clever boy ( he is ) ! 多么聪明的男孩呀!

(3) What interesting pictures ( they are ) ! 多么美的图片呀!

(4) What tall buildings ( they are ) ! 多么高的楼呀!

(5) What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀!

(6) What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么坏的天气呀!

规律: what + ( a\ an ) + 形容词+ 名词( + 主语+ 谓语) + !

名词为不可数名词或复数名词时, 形容词前面不能有a\ an .

2. how 引导的感叹句

(7) How heavy the box is ! 多么重的箱子呀!

How fast he runs ! 他跑得多快呀! (8) How careful the girl is ! 多么细心的姑娘呀!

How well she plays the piano ! 她的钢琴弹得多好呀!

如果说明的是人或物, 两种感叹句可替换. ( 以上

(1) 到(8) 句)

三.过去进行时:

1．过去进行时的用法：

（1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

What were you doing at 8:30 this morning ? 今天早上8点半你正在做什么？

When I called him , he was having dinner .当我打电话给他时，他正在吃饭。

(2) 过去某段时间正在进行的动作。

What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday ? 你昨天7点到9点在做什么？

I was reading the whole morning yesterday . 我昨天一整个早上都在看书。

(3) when \ while 引导的时间状语从句中，过去进行时的使用：

----- when \ while 当……的时候

While引导的从句中, 动词用过去进行时或表示状态的延续性动词，主句用动词过去式

when引导的从句中, 动词用过去式，主句用过去进行时

Mary was having dinner when I saw her .

While we were swimming , someone stole our clothes .

The weather was fine while we were in Beijing . While were talking , the teacher came into the classroom .

--------while 然而, 可是

He likes reading while I like dancing . 他喜欢看书而我喜欢跳舞.

Tom is very confident while Mary is shy and quiet .

Tom很自信可是Mary既腼腆又文静.

2．过去进行时的构成：

（1）肯定句：主语+ was \ were +动词ing形式+ 时间状语。

（2）否定句：主语+ was \ were + not + 动词ing 形式+ 时间状语。

(3) 疑问句：was \ were + 主语+ 动词ing形式+ 时间状语？

肯定回答：Yes , 主语+ was \ were . 否定回答：No, 主语+ was \ were + not .

Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains

一、重点短语

1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某

2. as soon as ...... 一……就…....

3. once upon a time 从前

4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事

5. make sth. happen 使某事发生

6. try to do sth. 试图做某事事

7. the journey to sp. ......之旅

8. tell the/a story 讲故事

9. put on 穿上

10. a little bit 有点儿

11. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事

12. give up 放弃

13. instead of 代替;反而

14. turn .. . into 变成

15. get married 结婚

16. the main character 主要人物；主人公

17. at other times 在另外一些时候

18. be able to 能;会

19. come out (书、电影等)出版

20. become interested in. 对…感兴

趣21. walk to the other side 走到另一边

22. a fairy tale 一个神话故事

23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分

24. leave sb. to do sth. 让…做某事

25. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事

26. go to sleep 去睡觉

27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地

28. get lost 迷路

29. change one’s plan 改变计划

30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事

31. in the moonlight 在月光下

32. find one’ s way home 找到某人回家的路

33. the next day 第二天34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地

二、重点句型

1. W hat do you think about/of.. . ?

So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?=How do you like the story of Yu Gong?

你觉得愚公的故事如何？

2. It doesn’t seem adj. to do sth ..

It doesn’t seem very possible to move a mountain.把一

座山给移掉好像不太可能。

3. This is because...

This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects.

这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。

4. …so… that+从句

Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can kee p it in his ear.

5. It take sb. some time to do sth ..

Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.

6 .… not.. .. until十从句：

Don’ t eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。

三、语法详解

1. shoot v.射，射击，过去式shot， Hou Yi shoots the sun 后羿射日

shoot at sth. 瞄准/朝…射击

2. weak adj. 虚弱的，无力的，

I still feel a bit week after my illness. 病后我仍觉得有点虚弱。

the week 意为“弱者”在英语中，有些形容词前加定冠词表一类人或事物。其意义为复数。

做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

the old / the young / the rich / the poor / the deaf / the bli nd / the disabled

3. as soon as…“一…就…，刚…就…”，

I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back. 他

一回来我就把消息告诉他。

He took out his English book as soon as he sat down. 他一坐下就把英语书拿出来了。

4. A god was so moved by Yu Gong that he send two god s to take the mountains away.

(1) move v.打动；使感动 be moved (by sth./ sb.) （被某人/事）感动

I was moves by your kindness. 我被你的善良大动了。

(2)take (…) away（把…）带走，拿走

Someone took my iPhone away while I was waiting in th e station. 当我在车站等车的时候，有人拿走了我的iphone.

take out 带出去，拿出去/ take turns (to do…)轮流做某事

5. remind v.“提醒，使想起”，及物动词

(1) remind sb. of sth .让我们想起某事：

The old photo reminds me of my childhood. 这张老照

片让我想起了我的童年。

(2) remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事：

My parents often remind me to study hard. 我的父母总是提醒我要努力学习。

6. I think it’s a little bit silly. 我认为那有点儿傻。

a little bit 意为“有点儿”，后加形容词，相当于a little，a bit：

This is a little bit difficult for me. 这对我来说有点难。bit n.一点，一块； a bit +形容词，a bit silly；a bit of 后加名词：a bit of time 一点时间

7.. turn...into... “使变成......”

Please turn this into English. 请把这个译成英语。

Joan is turning into a skilled musician. 琼正在变成一个技艺精湛的音乐家。

8. at other times “平时，有事，在其他时候”

At other times he doesn’t have to get up at all. 平时他根本不必起来。

Sometimes we went to the beach and at other times we w ent to climb the mountains.

我们有时候去海滩，有时去爬山。

9. come out

a. 出版： That magazine comes out every Monday. 那本杂志每周一出版。

b. 出来，出现，开

花 The stars come out as soon as it was dark. 天一黑星星就出来了。

c. 传出，真相大白： The truth has come out at last. 最后真相大白了。

10. become interested in 对…...感兴

趣 = be interested in 后接名词，代词，动名词

I became interested in piano. 我对钢琴感兴趣。

11.. whole【adj.】全部的，整体的…whol e后通常跟可数名词，前加the/ this/ my等形容词性物主代词修饰The old man told us the whole story. 老人给我们讲了整个故事。

【辨析】all也指”所有的”，修饰可数或不可数名词，放在the/ this/ my等词前。

12. made of …，由……制成，如

made of sugar made of wood

be made of…由…制成，看得出原材料；be made from…由…制成，看不出原材料

23. voice n.声音 Could you please raise your voice? 你

能大点声吗？

Unit 7 W hat’s the highest mountain in the world?

一、重点短语

1. the population of China 中国的人口

2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一

3. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事

4. as far as I know 据我所知 as you can see,..正如你所看见的,…

5. mountain climbing/ climbing mountains 登山运

动

6， live up to 活到……

7.higher than any other mountain 比其他任何一座山高

8. of all…在所有的….中

9. run along 绵延，横亘……

10. another 200 or so还有大约200左右

11,one of the world’s most dangerous sports 最危险的运动之一

12,one of the most popular places最受欢迎的地方之一13,risk their lives冒着他们的生命危险

14. challenge onese挑战自我

challenge ourselves

15, in the face of difficulties 面临困难

16, take in air 呼吸空气

17. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人

18. achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦

想 = make one’s dream come true

19. the forces of nature 自然界的力量

20. reach the top 到达顶峰

21. even though 虽然;尽管

22. at birth 在出生的时候

23. be awake 醒着

24.. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去

25.. walk into sb. 撞到某人

26.die from……死于……

27.. fall over 被…绊倒 fall over the chair 被椅子绊倒、

28.. take care of 照顾;照料

29.. every two years 每两年

30.. cut down the forests 砍伐林木

31. endangered animals 濒危动物

32. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少

33.. be in danger 处于危险之中

34. the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性

35,wild animals野生动物sea life海洋生物

36..water pollution水污染，

37.only live for a short time because of illnesses由于疾病仅活很短的时间

38.,make more homes for the pandas为大熊猫建造更多的家园 4

39.stop putting rubbish into the sea停止往大海里丢垃圾

40， protect …from…保护…免于…的伤

害 protect children from catching a cold. 保护孩子免于感冒

41，in the remaining forests在剩下的森林里

二、重点句型

1. It is -\~adj. + (fo r sb. ) to do sth.

It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.当你接近山顶时，连呼吸都会困难。

2. . . . is because... One of the main reasons is because pe ople want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulti es. 其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。

3 . . . . show(s) that... The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dre ams. 这些登山者的精神向我们证明：我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。

4, 表达事物的长，宽，高，深……? sth. /sb. +be+数量+单位+形容词long, wide, tall, deep。

如，

The river is 2 meters deep. Qomolangma is 8,844.43 met ers high.

long---length (n. 长度) wide---width (n.宽

度) deep---depth(n.深度) high----height(n.高

度) the length/depth/ width/height/size of sth. …的长度，深度，宽度，高度，面积

5，问事物的高，深，宽，

长…? How high/ deep/tall/ wide/ long/ is ... ? 问重量用 How heavy be+sth,/sb.? How high is Qomolangma?珠穆朗玛峰有多高？

四，语法讲解

1.，

The first Chinese team did so in1960, while the first wom an to succeed was Junko Tabei.

1） while, 此处是“而，然而，”轻微对比。不是“当…时候”,用在句中，前面有逗号。

2） succeed. V. 成

功 succeed in doing sth. He succeeded in finishing the w ork.

success n. “成功”不可数，

Confidence is the key to success. 自信是成功的关键。success n. “成功的人，物” He is a great success.他是一个很成功的人。

successful, adj. 成功的， successfully, 成功地

2, Adult pandas spend more than12 hours a day eating 10 kilos of bamboo.

Bamboo 做“竹子做的食物”或“竹子制品”不可数，bamboo chair;但做植物讲时可数。

1) sb. spend + time/ money + on sth. / in doing sth.

2) sb. pay +money +for sth. 某人为某物支付多少钱

3) It takes sb + time+ to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做

4) sth + cost +money 某物值多少钱。

3, Canada is a lot less crowded than China. 加拿大不及中国拥挤很多。

less+adj+than 不及比较：

Joseph is less honest than his brother. 约瑟夫不像他兄弟那样诚实。

less than （中间不加任何词）“少

于” There are less than 30 girls in my class. 我们班不足30个女生。

more than （中间不加任何词）“超过，多于，相当于over”

There are more than 30 girls in my class. 我们班有超过30个女生。

二. 形容词、副词

(一) 形容词比较级和最高级的构成：

1．规则变化

（1）一般情况，直接在词尾加er \ est 。

(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾时，加r \ st 。

（3）以“辅音字母+y ”结尾时，把y变为i ，再加er \ est 。

( 4) 部分形容词，先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er \ est 。big , hot, fat , thin , red ,

(5) 部分形容词，在前面加more \ most 。beautiful , careful , important , delicious ,

difficult , dangerous

(6) 以ly结尾的形容词，在前面加more \ most 。friendly(友好的) , lonely（孤独的）, lovely（可爱的）Likely（有希望的）, daily （日常的）, lively （有生气的）

2. 不规则变化

good \ well --- better--- best many \ much --- more--- most

bad \ ill --- worse --- worst little --- less --- least

far ---farther (较远的) \ further (进一步的) ---farthest (最远的) \ furthest （最大程度的）

old ---older(年纪较大的) \ elder（年纪最大的）

---oldest（较年长的）\ eldest (最年长的)

(四) 形容词原级的用法：

1．说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原形。

The flowers in the garden are beautiful . 花园里的花很漂亮。

2. 有表示程度的副词very , so , too, enough , quite 等修饰时，用形容词原形。

The boy is too young . 这个男孩的年纪太小了。

3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时，用形容词原形。

肯定句：A + 动词+ as + 形容词原形+ as + B 。Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim . 小明和吉姆一样高。

否定句：A + 动词+ not as \ so+ 形容词原形+ as + B 。

I am not so careful as Lucy . 我没有露西细心。

否定句的结构相当于A +动词+ less + 形容词原形+ than + B 。

He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English . (二)、形容词比较级的用法：

1．表示两者进行比较时，用形容词比较级：A + 动词+ 形容词比较级+ than + B

Lily’s room is bigger than mine . 莉莉的房间比我的大。

2．有表示程度的副词a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much , even , still ,

Far , rather , any 等修饰时，用形容词比较级。

I feel even worse now . 我现在感觉更糟糕了。

3. 表示两者之间“哪一个更、、、”：which \ who is +形容词比较级, A or B ?

Who is taller , Li Ming or Wang Tao ? 谁更高, 李明还是王涛。

4．表示“两者之间较、、、的一个”，常用“the +比较级”结构。

Mary is the taller of the twins . 玛丽是双胞胎中较高的那个。

6. 表示“越来越、、、”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and + 比较级”，多音节

词和部分双音节词用“more and more +形容词原形”

It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring . 在春天，天气变得越来越暖和。

7. 表示“越、、、、就越、、、、”时，用“the +比较级, the +比较级”

The harder he works , the richer he is . 他工作的

月努力，就会变得越富有。

(三)、形容词最高级的用法：

1．三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词

the , 句末常跟一个in \ of 短语来表示范围。

He is the strongest of the three boys . 他是三个男孩中最强壮的一个。

2. 表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一个最、、、？”用句型：

Which \ who is + the + 最高级, A , B , or C ? Which city is the most beautiful , Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou ?

哪个城市最漂亮，北京，上海还是福州？

3. 表示“最、、、的、、、之一” 时，用句型：主语+ is + one of the +形容词最高级+名词复

数。

Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers . 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。

4. 形容词最高级前面可加序数词，表示“第几大/长/

高等”

Huanghe is the second longest river in China . 黄河是中国第二长的河流。

5. 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

Li Lei is the tallest student in his class . 李雷班上最高额学生。

== Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class .

== Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class .

== Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class .

（四）、--ing 形容词与--ed 形容词：

--ing 形容词表示“令人、、、、、、的”，表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰或说明事物。

如：surprising（令人惊讶的）, exciting （令人兴奋的）, interesting（有趣的）等。--ed 形容词表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人：sb. + be +--ed 形容词+ 介词短语。如：surprised(感到惊讶的) , excited（感到兴奋的）, Interested（感到有趣的）等。

We are all excited about the exciting news . 我们对这

条令人兴奋的消息感到很兴奋。

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island？

一、重点短语

1. on page 25 在第2 5 页

2. the back of the book 书的背面

3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙

4. in two weeks 在两周之内

7. write about 写作关于……的内容

8. finish doing sth. 做完某事

9. wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来

10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事

12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前

13.arrive on the island 登岛

14. Lose one’s life 失去某人的生命

15. build a house 建了一间房子 make a boat 造了一条船

14. not long after that 不久之后

15. run towards sp. 跑向某地

16. use... to do sth. 用……来做某事

20. can’ t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事

23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事

25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

26. come to realize 开始意识到

28. fight over sth.就…争吵 fight with sb.与…斗争

29.write a short summary 写一个总结/概要

30. a song full of feelings about returning home 一首充

满回家感觉的歌

31. a fan of…….迷

33. the importance of money and success 金钱和成功的重要性

34. bring sb. back to +时间，地点将….带回到….

35. the good old days 过去的美好时光

36.be kind/friendly to sb. 对…友好/友善

37. each other=one another 彼此 trust one another 互

相信任

38. ever since then 自从那时起

40. belong to 属于 belong to a group

41. be kind to each other 善待彼此

42. trust one another 互相信任

43. the beauty of nature 大自然的美

45. do some research on sth. 对……做研究

46. hope to do sth. 希望做某事

三、语法讲解。

1. Have you read Little Woman yet? 你读过《小妇人》这本书吗？

【解析】现在完成时现在完成时的基本句型：

肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去

分词

现在完成时的主要用法

1）.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.

I have finished my homework. I am free (我已经完成

了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)

2）.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，

for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。

I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)

She has swum since half an hour before.我已经游泳了

半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游) already/ yet的区别：

a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。

He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。

My parents haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的父母还没吃早餐。

2.What’s it like? 它怎么样？

【解析】某物怎么样？What’s +物

+like? How+be + 物？某人怎么样？

What’s +人+like? 用来提问人的性格

What do / does +人 + look like?用来提问人的外表

3. Oliver Twist is about a boy who went out to sea and fo und an Island full of treasures.

《雾都孤儿》讲的是一个小男孩出海并发现了一个满是珠宝的小岛的故事。

【解析】full of 充满 be full of = be filled with 充满

The cup is full of water =The cup is filled with water. be full for 对…很忙 This week is full for me .

4. It’s about four sisters growing up.它讲述的是四个姐妹的成长故事。

【解析】grow up 长大；成

长 I grew up in Beijing. grow into 长大成

为 Mary grew into a beautiful girl.

5. You should hurry up . 你得快点。

【解析】hurry up 赶快；急忙（做某事） (用在口语中，用来催促别人快走）

in a hurry=in one’s hurry匆忙地 hurry to do sth 匆忙去做 hurry sb. 催促某人6.. One of them died but the other ran towards my house. 他们中的一个人死了，另一个朝我的房子这边跑过来了。

【解析1】the other 另一个 , one …the other一个….另一个(仅用两者间) 词条含义用法

other 泛指其他的人、物作形容词或代词，其后接名词的复数形式

the other 指两个人或物中的一个通常用于固定短语 one...the other ...中 others 泛指另外几个，其余的是other的复数形式，在句中作主语、宾语

the others 其他东西；其余的人们特指某一范围的“其他的人或物”

another 其他的；再一个；另一个只能用于三个或更多的人或物

7. think of / think about / think over辨析：

（1）think of, 固定短语，表示“提到（某人、某物、某事或某主意等），考虑，思考，对….有某种看法”，后接名词，代词、动词-ing形式。

--- What do you think of your Chinese teacher? --- I like her very much.

(2) think of 表示“思考，考虑，对….有某种看法”时，可以与think about 互换。

What do you think of the movie? = What do you thin k about the movie?

(3) think of 表示“相出，想着，想起”时，不可用think about 代替。

I always think of my childhood. (4) think over意为“仔细考虑，认真考虑”，强调思考的程度比think of/ about 深。相当于think about….. carefully. 其中over是副词，宾语若是名词，则可位于over之前或之后；当宾语是代词时，则必须放在over之前。

Think it over before you do it. 三思而后行

Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?

一、重点词汇与短语：

1. space museum太空博物馆

2. amusement park娱乐公园

3. water park水上公园

4. take the subway乘地铁

5. last year去年

6. next year明年

7. have a great time玩得愉快

8. end up结束

9. a theme park主题公园

10. of course当然

11. all the time一直

12. many famous characters许多著名的人物

13. hear of听说

14. in the same place在同一个地方

15 most of …大多数的...

16.. in fact 事实上

17. an English-speaking country 一个讲英语的国家

18. a tour guide 一名导游

19help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事

20. start doing sth. 开始做某事

21.start to do sth. 开始做某事

22. take a holiday 度假

23.. on the one hand, … on the other hand …一方面，…另一方面…

24.. three quarters 四分之三

25. wake up 醒来

26. all the year round 一年到头，终年

二、重点句型：

—Have you ever been to…? ---你曾经去过游乐园

吗？

—Yes，I have. / No，I haven’t. ---是的，去过。/不，没去过。

I/He/She have / has never been to…我\他\她从没去过……

I/He/She have / has been to… many times. 我\他\她去过…很多次。

I’d like to go there again. 我还想再去一次。

三、精讲

1. — Have you ever been to an amusement park? — Yes ，I have. / No，I haven’t. ---你曾经去过游乐园吗？

---是的，去过。/不，没去过。点拨1

have been to＋地点，去过某地

I have been to Beijing. 我去过北京。

辨析：have been to＋sp.与 have gone to ＋sp.

①have been to ＋sp., 表示去过某处，现在已经回来了，不在那里了。

We have been to Qingdao. 我们去过青岛。（现在不在青岛）

②have gone to ＋sp., 表示到某处去了，现在还没有回来，可能在那里或在去的途中。

They have gone to Sydney. 他们去悉尼了。（现在在悉尼或在途中）

③have been in ＋sp., 表示在某处呆过多长时间。

How long have you been in China? 你在中国住了多长时间？

2. neither, nor用法相同，都用于否定的倒装，意为“也不”。

so用于肯定的倒装。意为“也”。

①否定句＋neither/nor＋be(have, 助动词或情态动词)＋另一主语，表示“也不”。

If you won’t go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。

He isn’t a teacher, neither am I. 他不是老师，我也不是。

②肯定句＋so＋be(have, 助动词或情态动词)＋另一

主语，表示“也”。

She likes apples, so does her brother. 她喜欢苹果，她弟弟也喜欢。

He is from the USA, so is his wife. 他是美国人，他妻子也是。

3. 辨析：hear，hear of与hear from

(1)hear为及物动词，意为“听见，听到”，后可跟复合宾语，

hear sb do sth表示“听见某人做了某事”或

hear sb doing sth表示“听见某人正做某事”。

We listened but could hear nothing. 我们留心听，却什么也没有听见。

I heard her singing in her room. 我听见她正在房间里唱歌。

(2)hear还可作“听说”讲，后常跟that引导的宾语从句。

I heard that he was ill. 我听说他病了。

I heard that it’s a good film. 我听说那是部好影

片。

(3)hear of意为“听说”，后跟人或物作宾语。

I’ve never heard of that place. 我从未听说过那个地方。

Have you ever heard of that story? 你听说过那个故事吗？

(4)hear from意为“收到某人的来信”，后跟人作宾语。 How often do you hear from your sister? 你多长时

间收到你姐姐的一次信？

I heard from him last week. 我上周收到他的信。

4.辨析. find，find out与look for都含有“寻找，找到”的意思，但其含义和用法却不同。

(1)find意为“找到，发现”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调的是找的结果。

Will you find me a pen? 你替我找支钢笔好吗？

He didn’t find his bike. 他没找到他的自行车。(2)look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。

I don’t find my pen；I’m looking for it everywhere. 我没有找到我的钢笔，我正到处找。

(3)find out意为“找出，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。

Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车

什么时候离站。

Read this passage，

and find out the answer to this question. 读这篇短文，找出这个问题的答案。

5. other，others，the other，the others，another，any other，any others

(1)other作形容词，通常用在单数或复数名词的前面，意为“别的；其他的；另外的”。

I'll come again some other day. 我改日再来。

(2)others(=other+复数名词) 泛指“部分”，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。

The students of Class Four are cleaning the classroom. Some are carrying water，others are sweeping the floor. 四班的学生们在打扫教室。一些人在打水，另一些人在扫地。 (3)the other

the other表示已知的两个（或两部分）人或事物中，特指的“另一个”或“另一些”，

其后可跟单数或复数名词。

I have two brothers. One is a doctor，

and the other is a teacher. 我有两个兄弟。一位是医生，另一位是教师。

(4)the others(=the other+复数名词)指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后，“余下的人或物的全部”。

This composition is better than the others. 这篇作文

比其他那些都好。

(5)another泛指不定数中（三者或三者以上）的“另一个”。another前面不能用定冠词the，它作为限定词（定语）通常与单数名词连用，但是它后面可以跟few或基数词的复数名词。

This glass is broken，get me another please. 这只玻璃杯坏了，请给我再拿一个。

I'll stay here in another few days. 我要在这儿再呆几天。

注意：other和another都可以用来修饰数词，表示“另外的；附加的”，但是结构不同。other的位置是“数词+other+复数名词”，相当于more的用法；而another 则是“another+数词+复数名词”。

今天下午我又写了两封信。

I wrote another two letters this afternoon.

=I wrote two other letters this afternoon.

=I wrote two more letters this afternoon.

(6)any other 表示一个之外的其它任何一个，而不是两个之中的另一个。

(7)any others 表示一些之外的其他一些。

Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.

一、重点短语：

1. have a yard sale 举行庭院拍卖会

2. bring sth. back = bring back sth. 带回，回忆

3. how long 多久

4. not…anymore/ any more 不再…

6. board games 棋类游戏

7. check out察看；观察

8. clear out sth. = clear sth. out 收拾，整理；丢掉，清理9. no longer 不再

10. at first 起初

11. as for…至于…

12. part with sth. = give up sth. 放弃…，交出…

14. to be honest 老实说，说实话

15. millions of 数百万的

16. search for 搜寻，找寻 1

7. across from = opposite 在…对面

18. according to 依据，按照

19. in order to + 动原，为了

20. in one’s opinion 依某人看来用法集萃：

二句型

1. Some… Others...

Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.

有些人仍然住在家乡。然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。

2. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest，I have not played for a while now.

至于我，我不想放弃我的足球衣。但是，说实在的，

我现在巳经有一段时间没有踢(足球)了。

3.. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?

你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西？

4.. What would you do with the money you raise?

你会怎么处理你所筹集到的钱？

三、与现在完成时连用的时间状语：

already (肯定句)；yet (否定或疑问)；just；before；never；ever；recently最近；

so far 到目前为止；

表示次数的词，如：once, twice, three times；

for+时间段= since+时间段+ago；since+过去时间点；since+过去时的句子；

how long；these days等

附：常见的非延续动词转换为延续性动词表。

1. 转换为相应的延续性动词。

borrow — keep buy — have put on — wear catch/get a cold — have a cold

get to know — know get to sleep — sleep

2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词”

close — be closed open — be open

die — be dead become — be

fall sleep — be asleep wake up — be awake make friends — be friends

fall/get ill — be ill lose — be lost/missing marry — be married

leave (+地点) — be away (from +地点)

come back/go back/return — be back

begin / start — be on go out — be out

finish — be over get up — be up go to bed — be in bed join — be in/be a member of get to/arrive in(at)/reach — be (in/at) come to/go to/move to — be (in/at)