英语名篇佳作100篇背诵手册

英语名篇佳作100篇背诵手册

Content

1 If I Were a Boy Again 4

2 Ways of Communication 5

3 The Fight against Youth Smoking 6

4 The Value of Time 6

5 Touchy Topics 7

6 What Money Is For?8

7 I Dread the End of the Year 9

8 Education — a Means to an End 10

9 Air Jordan 11

10 On My Mother's Birthday 12

11 The Polar Bears 13

12 Blood, Toil, Sweat and Tears 14

13 Science — a Way of Thinking 15

14 Are These the Best Years of Your Life? 15

15 Abraham Lincoln 17

16 Autumn —the Harvest Season 18

17 All Work and No Play Makes Jack a Dull Boy 18

18 Sleep and Your Life 19

19 Accurate or Polite? 20

20 Sweet and Low 21

21 The Media 22

22 What Is the Best Time to Exercise for Energy? 23

23 Advertising 23

24 How to Behave in an Interview 24

25 Television 25

26 The Importance of English26

27 Don't Give Up 28

28 Football 28

29 How to Solve Personal Problems 29

30 Song 30

31 Colour and Life 31

32 The Personal Qualities of a Teacher 32

33 Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan 33

34 Crowded Earth—Billions More Coming 34

35 Grandma's Childhood 36

36 Something Better than Money 37

37 Companionship of Books 38

38 Inaugural Speech by HKSAR Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa(I) 39

39 Inaugural Speech by HKSAR Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa{2} 40

40 The Fountain 41

41 Active Play or Passive Entertainment? 42

42 Collecting—a Serious Hobby 43

43 On Idleness45

44 Time Spent in a Bookshop 46

45 Only a Madman Would Live in a City 47

46 Living a Long Life 48

47 Bill Gates' Tips on the Makings of a Good Manager ( I ) 49

48 Bill Gates' Tips on the Makings of a Good Manager (2) 50

49 Gettysburg Address 52

50 Candle in the Wind 53

51 Youth 54

52 Pain and Growth 55

53 Four Freedoms 56

54 Knowing the Consequences of Choice(I) 57

55 Knowing the Consequences of Choice(2) 59

56 Secrets of Straight-A Students(I) 61

57 Secrets of Straight-A Students (II) 62

58 Bill Clinton's Remark at Beijing University(I) 63

59 Bill Clinton's Remark at Beijing University(II) 64

60 A Red, Red Rose 66

61 How to Avoid Foolish Opinions 67

62 Cloning 68

63 The Delights of Books 69

64 Exercises and Energy 70

65 Friendship 71

66 First Snow 72

67 The Generation Gap 74

68 Greening Our Future (I) 75

69 Greening Our Future (II) 76

70 When We Two Parted 76

71 The Nature of Happiness 77

72 Kindness to Animals 78

73 Reading for Pleasure 79

74 Freedom 80

75 Spell of the Rising Moon 81

76 Winners 82

77 Losers 84

78 Peace in the Atomic Age 85

79 Three Days to See 87

80 The Daffodils 88

81 The Aim of a University Education(I) 89

82 The Aim of a University Education(II) 90

83 Work Done for Humanity 91

84 Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death 92

85 The Declaration of Independence 94

86 The Glamor of Hollywood 95

87 Every Living Person Has Problems 96

88 Crime 98

89 Spring, the Resurrection Time 99

90 Stopping by Woods on a Snowing Evening 100

91 Glories of the Storm(I) 100

92 Glories of the Storm (II) 101

93 The Ugly Americans 102

94 Cambridge—the University Town 104

95 Civilization and History 105

96 The United Nations 106

97 The Enchantment of Creeks 107

98 I Have a Dream(I) 108

99 I Have a Dream(II) 110

100 She Walks in Beauty 112

1 If I Were a Boy Again

If I were a boy again, I would prac t ise perseverance oftener,and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient. If we want light, we must conquer darkness. Perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results. "There are only two creatures," says a proverb, "who can surmount the pyramids—the eagle and the snail."

If I were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; 1 would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. I would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once. The habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begin early enough. I often h e ar grown-up people say, "I could not f i x my attention on the lecture or book, although I wished to do so," and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.

If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. It takes a little hard work at f i rst to remember things accurately; but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. It only needs early cultivation to become a power.

If I were a boy again, I would look on the cheerful side. Life is very much like a mirror: if you smile upon it, it smiles back upon you; but if you frown and look doubtful on it, you will get a similar look in return.

Inner sunshine warms not only the heart of the owner, but of all that come in contact with it. "Who shuts love out, in turn shall be shut from love."

If I were a boy again, 1 would school myself to say 'No' oftener. 1 might write pages on the importance of learning very early in life to gain that point where a young boy can stand erect, and decline doing an unworthy act because it is unworthy.

If I were a boy again, I would demand of myself more courtesy towards my companions and friends, and indeed towards strangers as well. The smallest courtesies along the rough roads of life are life the little birds that sing to us all winter long, and make that season of ice and snow more endurable.

Finally, instead of trying hard to be happy, as if that were the sole purpose of life, if I were a boy again, try still harder to make others happy.

Words: 428

生词和词组

perseverance /7pEsI5vIErEns/ n. 坚持，坚定，毅力

inconvenient genius creature surmount school faculty accurately frown erect decline courtesy companion as well endurable sole purpose

假如我再回到童年

假如我再回到童年，我会更多地培养自己的毅力，决不因为事情艰难或麻烦而放弃不干。如果我们要光明，我们就得征服黑暗。在产生的结果方面，毅力往往可以与天才相媲美。谚语说：“能登上金字塔的生物只有两种——雄鹰与蜗牛。”

假如我再回到童年，我会培养自己专心致志的习惯；一旦手头有事，决不让任何东西使我分心。我会牢记：一位优秀的溜冰手从不试图同时滑向两个不同的方向。如果及早养成专心致志的习惯，它就会成为我们生命的一个部分。我常常听到成年人说：“我希望中注意力听演讲或读书，但往往做不到。”其原因就在于年轻时没有养成这种习惯。

假如我能重新活过，我会更加注意培养自己的记忆力。我要采取一切可能的办法，在一切可能的场合，增强记忆力。要精确地记住一切事物，起初的确要做出一番小小的努力；但用不了多久，记忆力本身就会起作用，使记忆成为轻而易举的事。只需及早培养，记忆自会成为一种才能。

假如我再回到童年，我会凡事都看光明的一面。生活就像一面镜子：你朝它微笑，它也会朝你微笑；但如果你朝它皱眉头，它也会朝你皱眉头；如果你用怀疑的目光看待它，它也会以同样怀疑的目光看待你。

内心的阳光不仅温暖了自己的心，同时也温暖了所有跟他接触的人的心。“谁将爱拒之门外，谁就会被爱拒之门外。”

假如我再回到童年，我就要养成经常说“不”的习惯。一个少年要能挺得腰杆，拒绝做不值得做的事——就因为它不值得做。我可以写上好几页，谈谈早期培养这一点的重要性。

假如我再回到童年，我会要求自己对待同伴和朋友更有礼貌，而且对陌生人也确实如此。在坎坷的人生道路上，最细小的礼貌犹如在漫长的冬季为我们歌唱的小鸟，使得冰天雪地的严冬变得较易忍受。

最后，假如我再回到童年，我不会竭力为自己谋幸福——似乎那是人生的唯一目标；与之相反，我会更加努力，让他人幸福。

2 Ways of Communication

When you speak, write a letter, or make a telephone call, your words carry a message. People communicate with words. But do you know people also communicate without words? A smile on your face shows you are happy or friendly. Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad. When you raise your hand in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions. You shake your head and people know you are saying "No". You nod and people know you are saying "Yes".

Other things can also carry messages. For example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus to take. A sign on the wall of your school helps you to find the library. Signs on the doors tell you where to go in or out. Have you ever noticed that there are a lot of signs around you and that you receive messages from them all the time?

People can communicate in many other ways. An artist can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains, the blue seas and many other things. Books are written to tell you about all the wonderful things in the world and what other people are thinking about.

Words: 208

交流方式

当你说话、写信或打电话的时候，你的言语就传递了信息。人们用语言交流。不过，你知道吗?人们不用语官也能交流。你知道吗?脸上的微笑显示你高兴或友好。眼中的泪水告诉别人你很伤心。课堂上你一举手，老师就知道你有话要说或有问题要问。你摇摇头，人们就知道你在说“不”；你点点头，人们就知道你在说“是”。

其他事物也能传递信息。例如，公共汽车站的站牌帮助你弄清该乘哪一辆车。学校墙上的路牌帮助你找到图书馆。门上的牌子告诉你从哪儿进去或从哪儿出来。你可曾注意到，在你周围有许许多多招牌，而你一直在从这些招牌中获取各种信息?

人们还可以用其他许多方式来相互交流。画家可以用他的绘画来表现壮丽的山脉、湛蓝的大海和其他许多事物。作家撰写书籍给你讲述世界上一切奇妙的事物，告诉你别人正在想些什么。

3 The Fight against Youth Smoking

Since I took office I’ve done everything in my power to protect our children f r om harm. We've worked to make their streets and their schools safer, to give them something positive to do after school and before their parents get home. We've worked to teach our children that dru g s are dangerous, illegal and wrong.

Today, I want to talk to you about the historic opportunity we now have to protect our nation's children f rom an even more deadly threat: smoking. Smoking kills more people every day than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, murders, suicides, drugs and fires combined. Nearly 90 percent of those smokers lit their first cigarette before they turned 18. Consider this: 3,000 children start to smoke every day illegally, and 1,000 of them will die sooner because of it.

This is a national tragedy that every American should be honor-bound to help prevent. For more than five years we've worked to stop our children from smoking before they start, launching a nationwide campaign to educate them about the dangers of smoking, to reduce their access to tobacco products, and to severelyrestrict tobacco companies from advertising to young people. If we do these, we'll cut teen smoking by almost half over the next five years. That means if we act now, we have it in our power to stop 3 million children from smoking—and to save a million lives as a result.

3 与青少年吸烟作斗争

自从我就职以来，我就在我的权力范围内为保护儿童不受伤害作了一切努力。我们已经努力使他们的街区和学校更加安全，让他们在放学以后和父母回家之前这段时间内有积极的事可做。我们已经努力教育我们的孩子，毒品是危险的、违法的和错误的。

今天，我想和你们谈谈我们目前所拥有的历史性机遇，这个机遇就是保护我们国家的孩子免受一种更致命的威胁：吸烟。吸烟每天导致死亡的人数比爱滋病、酗酒、车祸、谋杀、自杀、吸毒及火一起导致的死亡人数还要多。这些吸烟者中有90％是在18岁之前开始吸第一支烟的。请考虑以下事实：每天有3000名儿童开始违法吸烟，由于吸烟，他们中将有1000人因此而缩短寿命。

这是一个国家的悲剧。每一个人在道义上都有责任防止它的发生。在过去五年多的时间里，我们一直努力在孩子们开始吸烟之前就阻止他们，在全目范围内发起一场运动，教育青少年认识到吸烟的危害，减少他们获得烟草产，品的渠道，严格限制烟草公司向青少年做广告。如果我们采取这些行动。我们就可以在未来的五年内将青少年吸烟人数削减大-约一半。这就意味着，如果我们现在就行动，我们将有能力阻止300万个孩子吸烟——结果是挽救一百万个生命。

4 The Value of Time

"Time,"says the proverb,"is money".This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed, it will either turn out some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities s o as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. Let those, who think nothing of wasting time, remember this.

Our life is nothing more than our time. To kill time is therefore a form of suicide. We are shocked when we think of death, and we spare no pains, no trouble, and no expense to preserve life. But we are too often indifferent to the loss of an hour or of a day, forgetting that our life is the sum total of the days and of the hours we live. A day or an hour wasted is therefore so much life forfeited. Our life is a brief span measuring some seventy or eighty years in all. But nearly one third of this has to be spent in sleep; some years have to be spent over our meals; some in making journeys on land and voyages by sea; some in merrymaking; some in watching over the sick-beds of our nearest and dearest relatives. Now if all these years were to be deducted from the

term over which our life extends, we shall find about twenty or thirty years atour disposal for active work. Whoever remembers this can never willingly waste a single moment of his life.

All time is precious; but the time of our childhood and of our youth is more precious than any other portion of our existence. For those are the periods when alone we can acquire knowledge and develop our capacities. If we allow these morning hours of life to slip away, we shall never be able to recoup the loss. Just as money laid out at interest doubles and trebles itself in time, so the precious hours of childhood and youth,if properly used, will yield us incalculable advantages. Words: 358

forfeit /5fR:fIt/

3 时间的价值

谚语说：“时间就是金钱。”这句话的意思是，一时片刻只要用得有效，都会让我们的

口袋增添一些钱。如果我们的时间使用得当，就能生产出有用的和重要的产品，在市场上卖

得一定的价钱；或者充实我们的经验，增长我们的才干，待到适当时机我们就能挣得金钱。那些对浪费时间毫不在意的人该记住这一点。

再说，我们的生命无非就是我们的时间，因此浪费时间也就是一种自杀。我们想到死便

惊恐不已，因而不惜一切努力、麻烦和费用来保全我们的生命。可是我们对于损失一个小时

或一天的时间无动于衷，忘记了我们的生命原本就是我们生活的每一天、每一小时的总和。因此浪费一天或一个小时就是丧失一天或一个小时的生命。人生短暂，总共不过七八十年。可是将近三分之一的时间必须用于睡眠；吃饭也得花去好几年；陆路海上旅游又是几年；再

加上娱乐活动的几年；在病床边照看至亲至爱的几年。现在如果从我们的寿命中扣除所有这

些岁月，我们将会发现，能受我们支配的有效的工作时间大约仅二三十年而已。谁能记住这

一点，谁就不会心甘情愿地浪费他生命的分分秒秒。

所有的时间都是宝贵的，而我们的童年和青年时期的光阴比一生中其他阶段更为宝贵。因为只有在这两个阶段我们才能获取知识，增长才干。如果我们让这些生命的早晨时光悄悄

溜走，这损失永远也无法弥补。储蓄金钱，产生利息，到时候会翻两三倍；同样，童年和青

年时期的宝贵时光，如果使用得当，必将带来不可估量的利益。

5 Touchy Topics

Immediately after introductions are made there is usually a period of time in which impersonal or trivial subjects are discussed. This type of conversation, called "small talk",is important because it often helps to keep conversations and can lead into interesting discussions. Usually people start small talk by asking about things like family, work, school or sports. They ask each other questions like "Do you live in this area?" "Do you have any brothers or sisters?" "Where do you work? ""What school do you go to?" and "Do you like sports?". It is also common for people to ask such questions as "Where do you come from?" "How do you like living here?" and "What do you do?".These are polite questions. They are not personal or private. But it is uncommon and considered impolite to ask questions about a person's salary, such as " How much money do you make?".They don't ask how much money someone paid for something,for example," How much does your house cost?". It is OK to ask children how old they are, but it is not polite to ask older people about their age, especially women. It is not polite to ask people questions about politics or religion either unless you know them very well. People don't ask un married people, "Why are you single?",and they don't ask a married couple with no

children,"Why don't you have any children?".T h ese are generally con s idered too personal for first meetings. Words: 249

5 敏感话题

人们相互介绍之后，通常马上就要有一段交谈时间。这种交谈不涉及私人话题，也可是日常琐事。这种被称为“闲聊”的交流是重要的，因为它常常有助于使交谈进行下去，并有可能引入有趣的谈论。

通常人们以提问的方式开始闲聊，诸如家庭啦，工作啦，学校啦，体育运动啦，等等。他们相互之间提问这一类问题：“你住在这一地区吗?”“你有兄弟姐妹吗?”“你在哪儿工作?’“你在哪所学校上学?”以及“你喜欢运动吗?”等等。人们相互提问这一类问题也很普遍：“你是哪儿的人?…‘你觉得在这儿生活怎么样?”以及“你是干什么工作的?”等等。这些都是有礼貌的问题。这些问题不是个人的或涉及隐私的。但是要问像“你挣多少钱?”这一类有关个人收入的问题，则是不寻常的，并且会被认为不够礼貌。人们不问别人什么东西花了多少钱，比如“你的房子值多少钱?”对孩子们，问他们多大啦，当然可以；但是问年长者，尤其是妇女的年龄，则是不礼貌的。如果对他人不是非常了解，提问一些有关政治或宗教信仰问题，也是不礼貌的。人们不问未婚人士：“你为什么单身呀?”也不问没有孩子的夫妇：“你们怎么没有孩子呀?”对于初次见面来说，这些问题未免太个人化了。

6 What Money Is For?

Money is a blessing when it is used rightly. The same is true of all other good things. They bless if used well; they curse when abused. Many people do not seem to know what money is for. They want it above all things. But they want it to spend chiefly on themselves.

Some boys appear to think that money is to buy good clothes and foods, toys and amusements. Some also seem to think that money is to buy leisure with. They consider that the highest happiness is to live without work. But that is not at all what money is for. We should get nearer the truth than that.

Money is our circulating medium in trade. Families need it to buy things they must have. In this way society exists, and the world of traff i c prospers. Money means food, clothing, dwelling schools, books, wise recreation, and the means of doing good.

Of course money is not something to hoard. Its value is in its use. A million gold dollars would have been worth no more than a million stones to Robinson Crusoe on his island home. There was nothing to buy, and therefore, no use for money. And so money that is simply hoarded is of no value. It does not purchase the necessaries of life, nor relieve those who are in want. That is not what money is for.

The Bible says that "the love of money is the root of all evil". That is money sought for its own sake is the cause of all sorts of evil—lying, stealing, cheating,robbery,and even murder. This is the best reason for avoiding the love of money. Words: 284

6 金钱的功用

假如正当地使用，金钱是一种幸福。所有其他好的事物同样如此。使用得当，它们就赐福于人；滥加使用，它们就降祸于人。许多人似乎并不知道金钱是做什么用的。在万物中他们首要的是钱。但是他们要钱主要又是为了花在自己身上。

一些青年似乎认为，金钱就是用来买好衣服、好食品和好玩具，就是用来买娱乐的。另一些人似乎认为金钱还可以买来悠闲。他们把活着而不用干活看做是最大的幸福。然而，金钱的功用完全不是这样的，我们应当更深入地探求真理。

金钱是我们在贸易中的流通手段。家庭需要钱来购买生活必需品。社会就是以这一方式存在的，商品流通世界就是以这一方式繁荣的。有了钱，就意味着有了食物、衣服、寄宿学校、书籍和明智的消遣，也意味着可以用来做好事。

当然，金钱不是用来贮藏的东西。它的价值就在于使用。对身陷孤岛的鲁宾逊·克鲁索来说，一百万枚金币并不比一百万块石子更有价值。在那儿没有东西可买，因此，金钱派不上用场。同样，仅仅为了收藏金钱便毫无价值可言。金钱收藏着而不用来购买生活必需品，也不用来赈济那些生活匮乏的人，那金钱便没有被正当地利用。

《圣经)说：“爱钱是一切邪恶的根源。”那就是说，追逐金钱本身是一切邪恶——撒谎、偷窃、欺骗、抢劫甚至谋杀——的原因。我们不要嗜爱金钱，根本原因就在于此。

7 I Dre a d the End of the Year

"I dread to come to the end of the year," said a friend to me recently, "it makes me realize I am growing old."

William James, the great psychologist, said that most men are" old fogies at twenty-five". He was right. Most men at twenty-five are satisfied with their jobs. They have accumulated the little stock of prejudices that they call their "principles" , and closed their minds to all new ideas; they have ceased to grow.

The minute a man ceases to grow—no matter what his years—that minute he begins to be old. On the other hand, the really great man never grows old.

Goethe passed out at eighty-three, and finished his Faust only a few years earlier; Gladstone took up a new language when he was seventy. Laplace, the astronomer, was still at work when death caught up with him at seventy-eight. He died crying, "What we know is nothing; what we do not know is immense.

And there you have the real an s wer to the que s tion, "When is a man old?"

Laplace at seventy-eight died young. He was still u nsatisfied, still sure that he had a lot to learn.

As long as a man can keep himself in that attitude of mind, as long as he can look back on every year and say, "I grew," he is still young.

T h e minute he ceases to grow, the minute he says to himself, "I know all that I need to know,"— that day youth stops. He may be twenty-five or seventy-five, it makes no difference. On that day he begins to be old.Words: 274

7 我惧怕岁末年尾

“我惧怕临近岁末年尾”，一位朋友最近对我说，“它使我意识到我正在变老。”

伟大的心理学家威廉·詹姆斯就曾说过，大多数人“25岁时就成了守旧落伍者”。他的话是对的。大多数人25岁时就满足于他们的工作。他们已经积累了一些他们称之为“原则”的偏见，对所有新的思想关闭心灵之门；他们已经停止成长。

一个人一旦停止成长——不管他年龄多大——他就开始衰老。反之，真正的伟人从来不会衰老。

歌德享年83岁，逝世前几年才完成《浮士德》；格莱斯顿70岁时又开始学习一门外国语；法国天文学家拉普拉斯78岁死时还在工作着。临死前，他大声喊道：“我们所知的太少太少，我们所不知的太多太多。”

“一个人何时变老?”，从这类事例中对这个问题你已经有了真正的答案。

拉普拉斯78岁逝世时依然年轻。他依旧不满足，依旧感到有许多东西要学。

一个人，只要他能够保持这种心态，只要他在回首过去的一年时能够说“我在成长”，他就依然年轻。

他一旦停止成长，他一旦对自己说“我该懂的都懂了”，这个时候他的青春也就完了。他可能在25岁时死去，也可能在75岁时死去，这都没有区别。就在那一天，他开始变老。

8 Education — a Means to an End

Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to fit them for life. As soon as we realize this fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a good way of education which will really prepare children for life.

In many modem countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that,by free education for all — whether rich or poor, clever or stupid — one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all i s not enough: we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degree, they refused to do what they think "low" work; and in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in s uch countries.

But we have to understand that the work of a completely uneducated fa rm er is more important than that of a professor in a way: we can live without education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns. In countries where there are no servants because nobody is willing to do such work, the professors have to waste much oftheir time doing housework.

In fact, when we say that all of us mu s t be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability, and secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that it is very bad to be unwilling to do one's work, or to laugh at someone else's. Only such a ty p e of education can be called valuable to society. Words: 345

8 教育——达到目的的手段

教育不是目的，而是一种达到目的的手段。也就是说，我们并不是仅仅为了教育孩子而教育孩子；我们的目的是让他们适应生活。一旦认清这一点，我们便会理解，选择一种好的教育方法是十分重要的，这种教育方法要真正能为孩子的未来生活作好准备。

在许多现代化国家，一些年来流行的看法是，对所有孩子——不管他富裕还是贫穷聪明还是愚笨——实行义务教育，我们就能解决一切社会问题，建设一个完美的国家。但是，我们早已看到，对所有人实行义务教育是不够的；我们发现，在这些国家，大学程度的人很多很多，多到没有那么多工作岗位让他们去填满。由于他们的学历高，他们拒绝做他们认为是“低贱”的工作；事实上，在这些国家，动手的活儿被看做是肮脏的、丢脸的。

但是我们必须懂得，从某种角度来看，一个完全没有受过教育的农民，他的工作比一位教授的工作更为重要：没有教育我们还能活下去，但没有食物我们便会饿死。在我们的城镇

里，假如没有人清扫街道，从屋子里弄走垃圾，我们就会得可怕的疾病。因为没有人愿意干这样的活儿，一些国家便没有佣人，那么教授们就不得不浪费许多时间来干家务活儿。

事实上，我们说所有的人都必须接受教育以适应生活，也就是说我们必须以这样的方式接受教育：首先，我们每一个人能做与他自己脑力体力相适应的工作；其次，我们能够认识到，对社会来说所有工作都是必要的，不愿干自己的工作或嘲笑别人的工作都是不对的。只有这样一种教育才能叫做对社会有价值的教育。

9 Air Jordan

Sports fans all over the world recognize the name of Michael Jordan. From Taiwan to Tennessee, kids wear clothes with his picture on them. Jerseys with his number 23 on the front, jackets with the Bulls logo on the back, and Air Jordan athletic shoes all reflect the fame of this superstar. Michael Jordan has become the most famous attraction of the world's favorite spectator sport.

Michael Jordan was bo rn in 1963 in Brooklyn, New York. Growing up, Michael did not look like a future superstar. He was very shy and didn't like to talk to other people about himself. He was also very s hort. He showed little promise of having a future career in basketball. When he tried out for the freshman team in high school, Michael didn't make it. The next year, however, after a large growth spurt, he made the team. The rest is history.

Michael's road to fame began at the University of North Carolina. He brought an acrobatic style to the game that few had seen before. Michael used his quickness and strength to reach the basket again and again. He became famous for his powerful slam dunk. Basketball fans from all over the world began to take notice. One reporter wrote that when Michael went up to dunk the basketball, it looked like he could fly. He was given the nickname “Air Jordan”. Words: 231

9 飞人乔丹

全世界的体育迷都知道迈克尔·乔丹的大名。从台湾到田纳西，少年们穿着印有他的画像的衣服。胸前印着23号的运动衣，背后印有公牛标识的茄克衫，以及空中飞人乔丹运动鞋都折射出这位超级球星的声誉。迈克尔·乔丹已经成为世界最受欢迎的观赏竞技运动的最著名的人物。

迈克尔·乔丹1963年出生于纽约的布鲁克林：随着年岁的增长，迈克尔一点也不像未来的超级球星。他非常害羞，不喜欢跟别人谈起自己。他个头也不高，一点也显现不出将来可以从事篮球生涯的迹象。上中学时，·他竭力想加入一年级球队，但没有如愿。然而，第二年，他的个头猛长，终于成功了。这往后就是成功的历史了。

迈克尔成名之路始于北卡罗莱纳州大学。他将杂技风格带入篮球比赛，这是前无古人的。迈克尔利用他的敏捷和力度一再投篮。他以其有力的快速灌篮而闻名。全世界的篮球迷开始关注他。一位新闻记者写道，当迈克尔跃身猛地扣篮时，看起来就像能飞一样。于是人们给他取了一个诨名“空中飞人乔丹”。

10 On My Mother's Birthday

Clad in all their brightest green,

T his day the verdant fields are seen;

The tuneful birds begin their lay,

To celebrate thy natal day.

The bree z e is still, the sea is calm,

And the whole scene combines to charm;

The flowers revive, this charming May

Because it is thy natal day.

The sky is blue, the day serene,

And only pleasure now is seen;

The rose, the pink, the tulip gay,

Combine to bless thy natal day.

10 祝妈妈生日快乐

一切笼罩在明亮的绿色里，

今天满眼是青翠的田野；

鸟儿唱起它们动听的歌儿，

祝贺你，祝贺你生日快乐。

微风不再吹拂，大海归于宁静，

天地间景色如此迷人；

在这明媚的五月里，花儿苏醒，

因为今天，今天是你的诞辰。

天空一片蔚蓝，日子安定悠闲，

到处洋溢着喜喜欢欢；

玫瑰呀，石竹呀，还有郁金香，

一齐祝贺你生日欢欢喜喜。

Note: 作者费丽西亚·希曼斯（Felicia Dorothea Hemans, 1793—1835），英国女诗人。这是她八岁时作的诗。

New words and phrases:

clad /klAd/ the past form of: clothe adj.被覆盖的

verdant /'vE:d E nt/adj.青翠的；绿叶繁茂的

tuneful /'tju:nfEl/adj.和谐的，音调优美的

11 The Polar Bears

When did you la s t see a polar bear? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago,you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3℃, and the water temperature was a bit higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York, are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February-Doctors do not agree about the medical effect of cold water swimming. Some are worried about the dangerous condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops.

The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory s ystem because it forces the

blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers ? usually tur n bright red after a few minutes in the water.

The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swimyear-round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says," When I go into the water, I pour m y troubles into the ocean and let them float away.” Words:274

11 “北极熊”—冬泳者

你最近一次是什么时候见到北极熊的?或许是在动物园看到的吧?假如几年前你曾在纽约参加过一次冬令活动的话，你会见到一大群“北极熊”。这些“北极熊”俱乐部成员就是冬季经常聚到一起在冰冷的水里游泳的人。那，天，气温是3℃，水温则略高一点。纽约科尼岛上“北极熊”俱乐部的成员年龄通常在60岁左右。成员必须满足两个条件。首先，他们必须跟小组内每一个其他成员友好相处；这是非常重要的，因为俱乐部的各种各样的人很多。“北极熊”们还必须同意从十一月至二月每个月至少得两次在户外游泳。

医生们对于冷水泳的医疗效果不予认可。冬泳中，人的体温下降太大，最终会引起心脏停止跳动。一些医生对此危险忧心忡忡。

而“北极熊”们自己对于冷水泳的好处则非常满意。他们说，他们最喜爱的锻炼方式对于循环系统大有裨益，因为它促使血液流动加快，以保持身体温暖。冷水泳者下水几分钟后便通常会红光焕发。

冷水泳的主要好处很可能是心理上的。“北极熊”们一年到头喜欢游泳；他们发现，游泳既有乐趣又放松身心。正如一位70岁的老太大所言：“我一跳进水里，就将烦恼倒进海洋，让它们漂走。”

12 Blood, Toil, Sweat and Tears

In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or former colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.

I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, sweat and tears. We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.

You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air. War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. That is our policy.

You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one w ord. It is victory. Victory at all costs—victory in s pite of all terrors—victory, however long and hard theroad may be, for without victory there is no survival.

Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.

I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.

I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say," Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength. " words: 299

12热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪

值此紧急关头，我今天不打算在下院作长篇演讲；我希望我的朋友们、同事们，还有受到这次政治改组影响的前任同事们，都能体谅省去常规情况下所必需的礼仪。

我已告知参加新政府的各位大臣，在此我再敬告诸位议员：除了热血、辛劳、汗水和眼泪，我没有其他可以奉献。我们面临着极其严峻的考验；我们面临着漫长而艰苦卓绝的斗争。

你们会问，我们的政策是什么?我的回答是：在陆地上、在海上、在空中作战。我们要不遗余力，凭藉上帝赐予我们的全部力量，同人类历史上空前黑暗、空前暴虐的专制制度作殊死搏斗。这就是我们的政策。

你们会问，我们的目标是什么?我可以用一个词作答，那就是：胜利。不惜一切代价，甘冒一切危险去夺取胜利。不论前面的道路多么漫长，多么崎岖，一定要夺取胜利!因为不获胜利就得灭亡。

我们每一个人都必须认识到：没有胜利，大英帝国将不复存在，大英帝国倡导的一切将不复存在，推动人类历史朝既定目标前进的动力将不复存在。

我满怀希望欣然承担我的使命。我确信人民不会容忍我们的事业遭遇失败。

此时此刻，我认为我有权要求得到所有人的支持，我要说：“来吧!让我们同心协心，奋勇向前吧。”

Author:(Sir Winston Churchill, 1874—1965), Politician and writer. (1940-1945)He was the prime minister of Britain during the Second World War.

13 Science — a Way of Thinking

Many scientists, from their earlier work, have enough k nowle d ge to ma k e good guesses as to the solution of a problem they are working on. In making new discoveries, they may use the trial-and-error method, they may draw on past experiences, or they may try to find out what others have discovered. They may design new investigations and new ways of testing their results. Scientists have to train themselves to use their brains efficiently; that is, they train themselves to think.

For example, when Thomas A. Edison was trying to make an electric lamp, he needed a substance for the filament inside the bulb that would glow brightly without burning up quickly. He tried more than thousand different filaments before he found one that he could use. After each trial he thought about how the new substance had acted. He kept notes and compared results. After he had experimented for a long time, s omeone asked Mr. Edison if he were not discouraged at the waste of time. He replied, "I have not been wasting time. I have found one thousand materials that won't work. Now I can look for others. " Edison's statement is all-important. Above all, scientists demand to know when and where they are wrong. A good question to ask in science is not "Am I right?" but "Am Iwrong?"

Scientists spend many years of study, training themselves in using their brains and the tools of investigation. They also use each other's work. Isaac Newton, a British scientist, who lived over 300 years ago, said he saw further than others because he stood on the shoulders of giants. Words: 275

13 科学—一种思维方式

许多科学家根据他们早期的工作，积累了足够的知识，对他们钻研的问题的解决作出很好的猜想。在探索新的发现的时候，他们可以采用反复试验的方法，可以从过去的试验中吸

取经验，他们也可以弄清楚别人的发现。他们可以设计出新的研究手段和方法来检验他们的研究结果。科学家们得训练自己有效地使用自己的大脑；也就是说，训练自己去思考。

例如，当托马斯·A·爱迪生致力于制造电灯的时候，他需要一种既能发出明亮的光又不会很快烧毁的材料来做灯泡里的灯丝。他尝试了一千多种不同的灯丝才找到能用的一种。每一次尝试之后，他都在思索新的材料该如何发挥作用。他不断地记笔记，比较结果。经过很长时间的实验之后，有人问爱迪生，对于如此浪费时间他难道不感到沮丧?爱迪生回答说：“我并没有浪费时间。我已经找出有一千种材料不管用。现在我可以寻找其他材料了。”爱迪生的话非常重要。最重要的是，科学家应该知道他们是在何时是在哪儿错了。在科学上，应该问的一个好的问题并不是“我对不对?”而是“我错不错?”

科学家经过多年的研究，训练自己使用自己的大脑和研究手段。他们也相互利用研究成果。生活在300多年前的英国科学家艾萨克·牛顿就曾说过，他之所以比别人看得更远，是由于他站在巨人肩膀上。

14 Are These the Best Years of Your Life?

The ups and downs of life may seem to have no predictable plan. But scientists now know there are very def i nite patterns that almost all people share. Even if you've passed some of your "prime",you still have other prime years to experience in the future. Certain important primes seem to peak later in life.

When are you smartest? From 18—25, according to I. Q. scores; but you're wiser and more experienced with increasing age.

You're sharpest in your 20's;around 30,memory begins to decline, particularly your abil i ty to perform mathematical computations. But your I. Q. for other tasks climbs. Your vocabulary at age 45, for example, is three times as great as when you graduated from college. At 60, your brain possesses almost four times as much information as it did at age 21. This trade-off between sharpness and wisdom has led psychologists to suggest that "maturity quotients" (M. Q.) be adopted for adults.

When are you happiest? You have the best physical sense of yourself from 15 to 24; the best professional sense from 40 to 49.

Before age 24, we believe that our happiest years are yet to come; over 30, we believe that they're be hind us. A National Health Survey agrees: After age 30, we "become more realistic and do not view happiness as a goal in itself. If we maintain our health, achieve professional and emotional goals, then happiness, we feel, will follow".

When are you most creative? Generally between 30 and 39, but the peak varies with different professions.

Mozart wrote a symphony and four sonatas by age eight,and Mendelssohn composed his best known work A Midsummer Night's Dream, at 17, but most of the great music was written by men between 33 and 39. Though the peak in most fields comes early —most Nobel prizewinners did their top research in their late 20's and 30's —creative people continue to produce quality work throughout their lives. For the "well-conditioned mind", there is no upper limit. Words: 344

14这是你生命的最佳时期吗

人生的起伏似乎没有可以预知的模式，但是科学家现在发现有一些模式相当明确，绝大多数人都不例外。即使你度过了一些最佳时期，你仍然会在将来经历另外几个最佳时期。某些最佳时期似乎在生命的后半段才会到来。

什么时候你最聪明?根据智商得分，你从15岁至25岁最聪明。然而，随着年龄的增长，你更加具有智慧和经验。

20多岁的时候你的思维最敏捷；30岁左右，记忆力开始衰退，尤其是你的数学计算能力。然而，你做其他事情的智商提高了。例如45岁时你的词汇量是你刚从大学毕业时的3倍。60岁时你大脑中储存的信息几乎是你21岁时的4倍。敏锐和智慧之间的协调，心理学家科们就此提出了在成年人中采用“成熟商”这一概念。

什么时候你的感觉最好?15岁至24岁之间你的身体感觉最好；40岁至49岁之间你对自己的职业感觉最佳。

24岁之前，我们相信自己最快乐的日子尚未到来；过了30岁，我们就认为最快乐的时光已经逝去。一项全国性的健康调查也揭示了同样的结果：30岁过后，我们变得更加实际，不把幸福当成生命本身的一种目标。我们认为，只要我们保持健康，事业上、情感称心如意，那么我们就觉得幸福便会随之而来。

什么时候你最富创造力?一般在30岁至39岁之间。但是不同的职业，高峰期也不相同。

莫扎特8岁时就创作了一部交响曲、4首奏鸣曲；门德尔松17岁时就完成了他的最著名的作品《仲夏夜之梦》，但是大部分伟大的音乐作品都是人们在33岁至39岁之间创作出来的。虽然大多数领域的最佳状态来得比较早——大多数诺贝尔奖获得者都是在25岁以后、30多岁时完成他们最出色的研究的——但是创造型的人会在生命中不断地完成高质量的工作。对于“状态良好的大脑”，不存在极限。

15 Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth president of the United States, was bo rn in Kentucky in 1809, and died in Washington in 1865, the day after he had been shot by a Southern sympathizer. He is classed with Washington in greatness of deeds, but is nearer the hearts of all Americans because he s prang from the ranks of the common people, and rose from the log hut of birth to the White House. Because his family were pioneers in the newly settled West, he had practically no regular education, but he held firmly to his purpose to secure knowledge in every possible way. Storie s are told of how he walked miles to secure a book, and studied by the light of the hearth fire at night after a hard day at farm work. After a hard struggle as clerk,village postmaster, and surveyor, he succeeded in passing the bar examinations,and became a lawyer in Springfield, Illinois. In 1846, he was elected to Congress. In 1858, he might have gained his place in the United States Senate had he not taken his stand against slavery in the famous debates which he entered with Stephen A. Douglas. These debates spread his fame throughout the country and led the way for his election to the presidency in 1860. Very shortly after his election the secession of certain Southern states led to the Civil War, which in turn induced Lincoln to free the slaves on January 1,1863, by the Emancipation Proclamation. His second inaugural speech gave his plan for building up the peace of the nation, but he did not live to accomplish his desire. Many comparisons have been made of Washington and Lincoln. Each was in the highest sen s e a providential man raised up for his era, and filled with those eminent qualities that enabled him to do the great work of the hour. Words: 312

15亚伯拉罕·林肯

美国第16任总统亚伯拉罕·林肯，1809年出生于肯塔基州，1865年被一名南方联邦支持者所刺，并于第二天逝于华盛顿。由于他的杰出贡献，人们将他和华盛顿总统相提并论，但是在所有美国人民的心中，生于木屋，出身平民，最终入主白宫的他更亲近美国人民的心。当时西部刚刚有人定居，他的家庭就是最早的移民，所以他几乎没有受过正规教育，然而他

坚持不懈，通过各种可能的途径获取知识。许多故事描述了他如何步行几里路去买一本书，以及在农场辛苦劳作一天后还在壁炉边的灯光下学习的情景。经过一段艰苦奋斗，担任过办事员、乡村邮递员和测量员等职位后，他成功地通过了律师资格考试，成为伊利诺斯州普林菲尔得市的一名律师。1846年，林肯当选进入国会。1858年，如果不是在同史蒂芬斯·A·道格拉斯几场著名的辩论中，他主张废除农奴制，他原本可以入选参议院。但这些辩论却使他闻名全国，也为他在1860年当选总统铺平了道路。林肯上任不久，南方某些州脱离了联邦政府，引发了内战。结果这场战争促使林肯于1863年1月1日颁布了《解放宣言》，解放了黑奴。在他的第二篇就职演说中，林肯阐述了要在全国建立和平的计划，但是在他生前，这个愿望没有实现。人们在华盛顿和林肯之间做了多种比较。就最高意义而言，他们都是各自时代的天佑的伟人。他们凭借杰出的才华造就了当时最伟大的事业。

16 Autumn —the Harvest Season

The autumn, with its ripening fruits, and waving harvest, is now with us. We see on every hand the results of the farmer's toil and forecast in the springtime. Then it was that he broke up the soil,sowed the seed, pruned his trees, and guarded the tender plants. Now we see the ripening crops. The trees are bending with golden fruit, and abundance rewards the farmer's toil.

But suppose in spring the farmer had left the soil unturned, the seed unsown, the trees untrimmed, and everything neglected, what would now be the result? We should see nothing but barren fields, overrun with weeds and briers; and the farmer would feel that a winter of want and distress was before him.

And let us remember that the autumn of life will come on apace; and that what we now sow, we shall then reap. If we would reap an abundant harvest, and gather precious fruit, and secure an autumn of plenty and prosperity, we must now, in the springtime of life, be diligent and careful in the cultivation of our hearts. We must form only those habits which will produce good fruits. Our acts must be noble, our thoughts and our words must be pure, and our feelings must be kind. As we now sow, we shall then reap. If we "sow to the wind, we shall reap the whirlwind". 234

16秋天——收获的季节

伴着成熟的果实和翻腾的谷浪，秋天来到了我们身旁。从每一位农民的手上，我们看到了辛勤劳作的成果和春天期望的实现。在春天，是他们耕耘土地，播下种籽，修剪果树，照看嫩苗。现在我们看到了成熟的庄稼。金黄的果实压弯了果树枝头，丰厚地回报农民辛勤的劳作。

但是，假定农民们在春天土地不耕，种籽不播，果树不修剪，什么都不干，那么现在会是什么结果呢?我们只会看到贫瘠的土地，野草疯长，荆棘丛生。这个时候，农民们就会感觉到，一个匮乏而忧伤的冬季就在他们面前。

让我们记住，人生的秋天很快就会来临；我们现在播种什么，到那时就会收获什么。如果我们要获取丰硕的收成，摘取珍贵的果实，确保充裕兴旺的秋天；现在，在这人生的春天，我们就必须勤勤恳恳、小心翼翼地培育我们的心灵。我们必须养成只会产生好的结果的习惯。我们的行为必须高尚，我们的思想和言语必须纯洁，我们的情操必须善良。我们现在播种，到时候定有收获。如果我们“风中播种，将来必然收获旋风”(“现在做坏事，将来必收恶果”)。

17 All Work and No Play Makes Jac k a Dull Boy

"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" i s a popular saying in the United States. Other countries have similar saying. It is true that all of us need recreation. We cannot work all the time if we are going to keep good health and enjoy life.

Everyone has his own way of relaxing. Perhaps the most popular way is to take part in sports. There are team sports, such as baseball, basketball, and football. There are individual sports, also, such as golf and swimming. In addition, hiking, fishing, skiing, and mountain climbing have a great attraction for people who like to be outdoors.

Not everyone who enjoys sports events likes to take part in them. Many people prefer to be onlookers, either watching them on television, or listening to them on the radio. When there is an important baseball game or boxing match it is almost impossible to get tickets; everyone wants to attend.

Chess, card-playing, and dancing are forms of indoor recreation enjoyed by many people. It doesn't matter whether we play a fast game of ping-pong, concentrate over the bridge table, or go walking through the woods on a brisk autumn afternoon. It is important for every one to relax from time to time and enjoy some form of recreation. Words: 225

17只学习，不玩耍，孩子会变傻

“只学习，不玩耍，孩子会变傻”是美国一个流行的俗语，其他国家也有类似的说法，确实，我们大家都需要娱乐消遣。如果我们要保持健康，享受生活，我们就不能一直工作。

每一个人都有他自己的放松方式。参加体育运动或许是最流行的方式。其中有团队运动，诸如垒球、篮球和足球。也有个人运动，诸如高尔夫球、游泳。此外，对于喜欢户外运动的人来说，徒步旅行、钓鱼、滑雪和爬山都有很大的吸引力。

并不是所有喜欢体育运动的人都喜欢亲自参加。许多人宁愿作旁观者，不是看电视，就是听收音机。每逢举办重大的垒球比赛或拳击比赛，要想弄到入场券几乎不大可能，大家都想观看。

下棋、打牌、跳舞，是许多人喜爱的室内消遣方式。不管我们是从事打乒乓球之类的剧烈运动，或者全神贯注地打桥牌，还是在一个秋高气爽的下午去树林里漫步，那都无所谓。重要的是每一个人都得时不时地放松一下自己，进行某种形式的消遣娱乐。

18 Sleep and Your Life

If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you don't feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.

Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled Stress and Sleep, indicates that stress and lack of sleep are directly related. Dr. Winkle says,"The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night's sleep,"he adds,"we can often find the energy to deal with what's worrying us."

So, what is a good night's sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours is about the average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.

Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the dayshould help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be

avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. "When you put the light out,"Dr. Winkle says, "concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you'll be asleep before you know it." Wprds” 294

18睡眠与生活

假如你为什么事儿担忧并处于工作或学习的沉重压力之下，那么你就很可能睡得不好。担忧会使你在床上翻来覆去睡不着，一直到凌晨终于入睡。当你醒来时，你不但没有感到精力旺盛，反而疲惫不堪，难以面对新的一天。

在最近一期报纸一篇题为《压力与睡眠》的文章里，亨利·温克尔医生指出，压力睡眠不足是直接关联的。温克尔医生说：“我们越是担忧，就越是睡得少，也就越是不能应付压力。”他又说道：“假如我们能找出办法来睡一夜好觉，我们就常常能找到精力来应付使我们担忧的事儿。”

那么，什么才是一夜好觉呢?研究显示，为了保持健康，人们需要的睡眠总量差异很大。七个小时大概是平均数。不过奇怪得很，睡得更长常常不但不能使你感到精神振作，反而使你觉得头昏脑胀。

温克尔医生认为睡眠准备是重要的。工作到很晚的人在上床睡觉之前应该尝试短暂地休息一下，做一点放松的事儿，可以是看看电视或听听音乐。白天早些时候锻炼会有助于使你在生理上和心理上感觉到疲劳，临睡时喝点饮料也会有效果，但要避免喝咖啡或茶，因为它们都含咖啡因，会让你保持清醒。温克尔医生说道：“熄灯后，你要尽量肌肉放松，从脚慢慢向上放松，这样不知不觉中，你就会入睡了。”

19 A ccurate or Polite?

"How far is it to the next town?" The American asks a man standing by the edge of the road. In some countries, because the man realizes that the traveler is tired and eager to reach his destination, he will politely say, "Just down the road. " He thinks this is more encouraging, gentler, and therefore the wanted answer. So the American drives through the night, getting more and more angry, feeling "tricked". He thinks the man deliberately lied to him, for obviously he mu s t have known the distance quite well.

If conditions had been reversed, the American would have felt he was "cheating" the driver if he had said the next town was close when he knew it was really 50 miles further on. Although he, too, would be sympathetic to the weary driver, he would say, "You have a good way to go yet; it is at least 50 miles. " The driver might be disappointed, but he would know what to expect.

Whether to be accurate or polite leads to many misunderstandings between people of different cultures. If you are aware of the situation in advance, it is sometimes easier to recognize the problem. Words: 200

19准确还是礼貌?

“请问到下一个镇上还有多远?”美国人间一个站在马路边的人。在某些国家，这个人由于意识到那位旅行者疲惫不堪而急于想到达目的地，他会有礼貌地回答：“往前开就到了。”他以为，这样的回答更鼓舞人，更委婉，因而也是那位旅行者所期待的。于是那个美国人驱车开了一夜，越来越气愤，觉得自己受“愚弄”了。他以为这个家伙是故意向他说谎，因为显然他肯定非常清楚这段距离有多远。

假使我们将情形掉个个儿，那个美国人会觉得，他明明知道下一个镇子还有50英里还说不多远了，那不是在“骗”这位驾车者吗?尽管他也对这位疲惫不堪的旅行者充满同情心，

他还是会这么说：“你还有好长——段路要走，至少50英里。”那位驾车者或许会感到失望，但他会明白等着他的是什么。

究竟应该准确呢，还是应该礼貌呢?不同文化背景下的人们会产生诸多误解。假如事先对这些背景有所了解，有时候会更易于认识问题。

accurate/'aekjurat/adj.

20 S w eet and Low

Sweet and low, sweet and low,

Wind of the western sea,

Low, low, breathe and blow,

Wind of the western sea \

Over the rolling waters go,

Come from the dying moon, and blow,

Blow him again to me;

While my little one, while my pretty one, sleeps.

Sleep and rest, sleep and rest,

Father will come to thee soon;

Rest, rest on mother's breast,

Father will come to thee soon;

Father will come to his babe in the nest,

Silver sails al l out of the west

Under the silver moon;

Sleep, my little one, my pretty one, sleep.

20轻轻地，柔和地

轻轻地，柔和地，轻轻地，柔和地

西方吹来海风；

轻轻地、轻轻地吹拂，

西方吹来海风!

西边吹来，月色朦胧，

吹过波涛汹涌；

吹得他回家呵，

亲亲睡着的宝贝，可爱的宝贝。

睡吧，休息；睡吧，休息，

爸爸一会儿就来；

睡吧，睡在妈妈的怀里，

爸爸一会儿就来；

从西方归来，扬起银色风帆，

映着银色月光，漂洋过海，

来看宝宝——安睡在家里；

睡吧，小宝贝，睡吧，可爱的宝贝。

(宗白译)