2014年6月英语四级考试真题(第2套).docx

2014年6月英语四级考试真题(第2套).docx
2014年6月英语四级考试真题(第2套).docx

2014年6月四级真题(第2套)

Part IIIReading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

Thefact is, the world has been finding less oil than it has been using for more than twenty years now. Not only has demand been36 ,but the oil we have been finding is coming from places that are37to reach. At the same time, more of this newly 38 oil is of the type that requires a greater investment to39. And because demand for this precious resource will grow, according tosome, by over 40 percent by 2025, fueling the world's economic40will take a lot more energy from every possible source.

The energy industry needs to get more from existing fields while continuing to search fornew41. Automakers must continue to improve fuel efficiency and perfect hybrid (混合动力的) vehicles. Technological improvements are needed so that wind, solar and hydrogen can be more42parts of the energy equation. Governments need to formulate energy policies that promote43and environmentally sound development. Consumers must be willing to pay for some of these solutions, while practicing conservation efforts of their own.

Inaction is not an44 . So let's work together to balance this equation. We are taking some of the45needed to get started, but we need your help to go the rest of the way.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A. consequently

B.cultivate

C.declining

D.derived

E. difficult

F. discovered

G. economically

H. exception

I. feasible

J. growth

K. option

L. refine

M. reserves

N.soaring

O. steps

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

I Cry, Therefore I Am

A) In 2008, at a German zoo, a gorilla (大猩猩) named Gana gave birth to a male infant, who died after three months. Photographs of Gana, looking stricken and inconsolable (伤心欲绝的), attracted crowds to the zoo. Sad as the scene was, the humans, not Gana, were the only ones crying. The notion that animals can weep has no scientific basis. Years of observations by biologists Dian Fossey, who observed gorillas, and Jane Goodall, who worked with chimpanzees (黑猩猩), could not prove that animals cry tears from emotion.

B)It's true that many animals shed tears, especially in response to pain. Tears protect the eye by keeping it moist. But crying as an expression of feeling is unique to humans and has played an essential role in human evolution and the development of human cultures.

C)Within two days an infant can imitate sad and happy faces. If an infant does not cry out, it is unlikely to get the attention it needs to survive. Around 34 months, the relationship between the human infant and its environment takes on a more organized communicative role, and tearful crying begins to serve interpersonal purposes: the search for comfort and pacification (抚慰). As we get older, crying becomes a tool of social interaction: grief and joy, shame and pride, fear andmanipulation.

D)Tears are as universal as laughter, and grief is more complex than joy. But although we all cry, we do so in different ways. Women cry more frequently and intensely than men, especially when exposed to emotional events. Like crying, depression is, around the world, more commonly seen in women than in men. One explanation might be that women, who despite decades of social advances still suffer from economic inequality, discrimination (歧视) and even violence, might have more to cry about. Men not only cry for shorter periods than women, but they also are less inclined to explain their tears, usually shed them more quietly, and tend more frequently to apologize when they cry openly. Men, like women, report crying at the death of a loved one and in response to a moving religions experience. They are more likely than women to cry when their core identities--as providers and protectors, as fathers and fighters--are questioned.

E) People who score on personality tests as more sympathetic cry more than those who are more rigid or have more self-control. Frequency of crying varies widely: some shed tears at any novel or movie, others only a handful of times in their lives. Crying in response to stress and conflict in the home, or after emotional trauma (创伤), lasts much longer than tears induced by everyday sadness--which in turn last longer than tears of delight and joy.

F) Sadness is our primary association with crying, but the fact is that people report feeling happier after crying. Surveys estimate that 85% of women and 73% of men report feeling better after shedding tears. Surprisingly, crying is more commonly associated with minor forms of depression than with major depression involving suicidal thoughts.

G) People widely report that crying relieves tension, restores emotional balance and provides "catharsis," a washing out of bad feelings. The term "catharsis" has religious implications of removing evil and sin; it's no surprise that religious ceremonies are, around the world, one of the main settings for the release of tears.

H) Crying is a nearly universal sign of grief, though some mourners report that, despite genuine sorrow, they cannot shed tears--sometimes even for years after their loved one has gone. Unlike today, when the privacy of grief is more respected, the public or ceremonial shedding of tears, at the graveside of a spouse or the funeral of a king or queen, was once considered socially or even politically essential.

I) Crying has also served other social purposes. Rousseau wrote in his Confessions that while he considered tears the most powerful expression of love, he also just liked to cry over nothing.

J) The association of tears with art has ancient roots. The classic Greek tragedies of the fifth centuryB.C. were primarily celebrations of gods. Tragedies, like poetry and music, were staged religions events. Even then it was recognized that crying in response to drama brought pleasure.

K) I have argued that there are neurobiological (神经生物方面的) associations linking the arts and mood disorders. When I lecture on crying, I ask my audience to let me know, by a show of hands, which art forms most move them to tears. About 80% say music, followed closely by novels (74%), but then the figures fall sharply, to 43%, for poetry, and 10-22% for paintings, sculpture and architecture.

L) The physical act of crying is mainly one of breathing in air, which is why we choke up when we weep. This suggests to language scientists that emotional crying evolved before language, perhaps explaining why tears communicate states of mind and feelings that are often so difficult to express in words. Of course, from an evolutionary perspective, recognition of emotion (usually through facial gesture) was essential for survival.

M) The earliest humans arrived several million years ago, but only 150,000 to 200,000 years ago, did cultures, language, religion and the arts arise. Along the way, tears became more than a biological necessity to lubricate (润滑) the eye and developed into a sign of intense emotion and a signal of social bonding. The development of self-consciousness and the notion of individual identity, or ego; storytelling about the origins of the world, the creation of humanity and life after death;

and theability to feel others' sadness--all were critical parts of the neurobiological changes that made us human

N) More recently, we've learned from neuroscience that certain brain circuits (回路) are activated (激活), rapidly and unconsciously, when we see another in emotional distress. In short, our brain evolved circuits to allow us to experience sympathy, which in turn made civilization, and an ethics based on sympathy, possible. So the next time you reach a tissue box, or sob on a friend's shoulder, or shed tears at the movies, stop and reflect on why we cry and what it means to cry. Because ultimately, while we love to cry, we also cry to love.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46. Nowadays people respect the privacy of grief more than in the past.

47. Infants cry to attract attention for survival.

48. There is no scientific evidence as yet that animals can shed tears from emotion.

49. Tears can perform certain communicative functions which words cannot.

50. Our ability to experience sympathy is essential to the development of civilization.

51. People are more inclined to cry when suffering minor forms of depression.

52. Sometimes people cannot cry despite genuine grief.

53. In humans' long history, tears have developed an essential role in social relationships.

54. Men are less likely to give reasons for their tears.

55. Crying has long been associated with art.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C).and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smartphones andother devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data, drug information andcase studies.

But like many cures, this solution has come with an unintended side effect: doctors and nurses canbe focused on the screen and not the patient, even during moments of critical care. A poll showed thathalf of medical technicians had admitted texting during a procedure.

This phenomenon has set off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and medical schools about a problem perhaps best described as "distracted doctoring." In response, some hospitals have begun limiting the use of electronic devices in critical settings, while schools have started reminding medicalstudents to focus on patients instead of devices.

"You justify carrying devices around the hospital to do medical records, but you can surf theInternet or do Facebook, and sometimes Facebook is more tempting," said Dr. Peter Papadakos at theUniversity of Rochester Medical Center.

"My gut feeling (本能的感觉) is lives are in danger," said Dr. Papadakos."We're not educatingpeople about the problem, and it's getting worse."

A survey of 439 medical technicians found that 55 percent of technicians who monitor bypassmachines acknowledged that they had talked on cellphones during heart surgery. Half said they hadtexted while in surgery. The study concluded, "Such distractions have the potential to be disastrous."

Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones, and multitasking is simply afact of life for many medical jobs. What has changed, say doctors, especially younger ones, is that theyface increasing pressure to interact with their devices.

The pressure stems from a mantra (信条) of modem medicine that patient care must be "datadriven," and informed by the latest, instantly accessible information. By many accounts, the technologyhas helped reduce medical error by providing instant access to patient data or prescription details.

Dr. Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical Association, said technology "offers greatpotential in health care," but he added that doctors' first priority should be with the patient.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56. Why do hospitals equip their staff with computers, smartphones and other devices?

A.To reduce medical error.

B.To cope with emergencies.

C.To facilitate administration.

D.To simplify medical procedures.

57. What does the author refer to by "distracted doctoring"?

A.The disservice done by modem devices to doctors, nurses, as well as patients.

B.The tendency of medical institutions encouraging the use of modem devices.

C.The problem of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients.

D.The phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal affairs while working.

58. What does Dr. Peter Papadakos worry about?

A.Medical students are not adequately trained to use modem technology.

B.Doctor's interaction with their devices may endanger patients' lives.

C.Doctors are relying too heavily on modem electronic technology.

D.Pressures on the medical profession may become overwhelming.

59. Why do doctors feel increasing pressure to use modem devices?

A.Patients trust doctors who use modern technology.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f99161336.html,e of modem devices adds to hospitals' revenues.

C.Data is given too much importance in patient care.

D.Patients' data has to be revised from time to time.

60. What is Peter Carmel's advice to doctors?

A.They follow closely the advances in medical science.

B.They focus their attention on the patient's condition.

C.They observe hospital rules and regulations.

D.They make the best use of modem devices.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

I have closely watched my generation, known as The Millennials, for 29 years now. Joel Stein wrotean extensive piece on Millennials and he remains rather optimistic about our potential.

I hesitate to share his optimism because of a paradox (矛盾的现象) we seem to exhibit, namely, thatthere are more avenues for us to entertain ourselves than ever before, yet we are more bored than everbefore.

Entertainment has never been more varied. We have more cable channels, television shows, andmovies than ever before. Internet providers allow instant viewing of almost any movie or televisionprogram ever created. Social drinking and partying are also widely available for Millennials. Everygeneration develops these habits at a certain age, but Millennials seem to be extending this phase of lifeas they postpone marriage.

Some of this is undoubtedly due to The Great Recession. Millennials are having a difficult timefinding jobs; only 47percent of 16-to-24-year-olds are employed, the smallest share since governmentstarted recording data in 1948.

But do Millennials respond to these economic troubles by doing whatever it takes to make endsmeet? Hardly. In fact, of the four generations Pew Research has data for, the Millennial generation doesnot cite work ethic (勤奋工作) as distinctive of itself. Millennials want to save the world, but they sitand wait for that world-changing opportunity to be handed to them. Instead of working 2-3 jobs,launching a business, or doing what it takes to succeed, they retreat. Millennials may be the firstgeneration to have a lower standard of living than their parents, but with this response to adversity (逆境), perhaps deservingly so.

Much ink has been spilled in management books discussing how to get the most out of theseyouths in the workplace. Largely, they come to the same conclusion: Millennials are entitled, over-confident, and expect too much too quickly. We should not be surprised. Today's young adults wereraised by parents who made sure to boost their self-esteem at every turn, telling them they couldachieve whatever they set their minds to, and handing out prizes for the sixth place.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61. What does the author of the passage think of Millennials?

A.They show little interest in entertainment.

B.They are not confident about their ability.

C.They enjoy an easy life due to high technology.

D.They may not have bright prospects for success.

62. How do Millennials feel about their life?

A.They can hardly do anything about it.

B.There is little in it to get excited about.

C.It is not as good as their parents'

D.It is full of opportunities for success.

63. In what way are Millennials different from previous generations according to Pew Research?

A.They spend less time socializing.

B.They are indifferent to others.

C.They do not value hard work.

D.They are more independent.

64. What should Millennials do according to the author?

A.Remain optimistic in face of adversity.

B.Start a business as early as possible.

C.Make full use of new opportunities.

D.Take action to change their situation.

65. Why are Millennials over-confident about themselves?

A.They have been spoiled by their parents.

B.They can always get whatever they expect.

C.They are misguided by management books.

D.They think they are young and energetic.

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.

You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。有些教育工作者2003年就建议设立全民读书日。他们强调。人们应当读好书,尤其是经典著作。通过阅读,人们能更好地学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作,而教育的目的正是要培养这些基本素质。阅读对于中小学生尤为重要,假如他们没有在这个关键时期培养阅读的兴趣,以后要养成阅读的习惯就很难了。

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

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