高中英语阅读理解专项练习题-科普知识型阅读理解
1.2013四川卷阅读理解
Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: "Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart."
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, "The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see - and guide whether we see fear."
To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
"We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain …speak?to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear," Dr Garfinkel said.
"We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder."
1. What is the finding of the study?
A. One's heart affects how he feels fear.
B. fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
C. fear has something to do with one's health.
D. One?s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
2. The study was carried out by analyzing _______.
A. volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C. volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data form their brain scans
D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "mechanism" in Paragraph 6?
A. Order.
B. System.
C. Machine.
D. Treatment.
4.This study may contribute to _______.
A. treating anxiety and stress better
B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C. finding the sky to the heart-brain communication
D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads
答案:1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A
2.2013安徽合肥质检
It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. Or so they say. An even worse tale is that swallowed gum can wrap itself around your heart.
But what does happen if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing gum is made out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestible—it is a mixture of different ingredients（成分）tha t our body can?t use.
Most of the time, your stomach really cannot break down the gum the way it would break down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving along until they make it all the way through the gut （肠子）and come out at the other end one to two days later.
The saliva（唾液）in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell but many of gum's base ingredients are indigestible. It's then down to our stomach muscles—which contract and relax, much like the way an earthworm moves—to slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.
Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive tube than adults—but this is extremely rare.
1.Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly
because ___________.
A. they believe the tall tales about chewing gum
B. chewing gum will stay in their body for many years
C. their heart will be wrapped by chewing gum
D. chewing gum is indigestible for children
2. What happens to the food that can?t be fully broken down?.
A. It remains in our digestive system forever
B. It will be eventually moved out of our body
C. It will fight against the power of the gut
D. It will stick to the gut for one or two days
3. The word It (in the 4th paragraph) refers to “___________ ”.
A. the attempt
B. the salvia
C. the shell
D. the gum base
4. What would be the best title for text?
A. How does our digestive system work?
B. Can chewing gum be swallowed by kids?
C. Does swallowing chewing gum matter?
D. Why swallowing chewing gum frightens kids?
参考答案: 1.A 2.B 3.B 4. C
3.2013 江西南昌模拟
“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere，but changes in temperature，humidity and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，”said researchers from the National University of Singapore.
45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.The researchers point out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats，caused by climate change，are possible reasons for the shrinking of creatures.
“We do not yet know the exact mechanisms involved，or why some organisms are getting smaller while others are unaffected，”the researchers said.“Until we understand more，we could be risking negative consequences that we can’t yet quantify.”
The change was big in cold-blooded animals.Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles (爬行动物) smaller.An increase of only 1 ℃caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陈代谢)．Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards.Fish are smaller now too.Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers，experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth.There is a recent report on warmer temperatures’negative effects on plankton (浮游生物)，the base of the marine ecosystem.
Warm-blooded animals weren’t immune from the size change caused by climate change.Many birds are now smaller；Mammals have been miniaturized too.Soay sheep are thinner.Red deer are weaker.And polar bears are smaller，compared with historical records.
This isn?t the first time this has happened in Earth?s history. 55 million years ago，a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees，spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years.That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.
The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough，especially those with long generation times.So，it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in the future.
1．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Why do some species become smaller?
B．How does climate change in Earth?s history?
C．Climate change has many negative effects
D．Species become smaller as climate warms
2．The underlined word “trumped”in the first paragraph can be replaced by “________”．A．increased B．beaten C．strengthened D．equaled
3．Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that________. A．how climate change affects animals’sizes has not been found clearly
B．all the animals on the Earth have become smaller
C．too many studies on animals’sizes have been done
D．climate change has more negative effects on warm-blooded animals
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Climate change has even affected plankton negatively.
B．Birds have suffered more from climate change than fish.
C．Cold-blooded animals become smaller because of the lack of food.
D．The warming event has never happened in Earth’s history before.
参考答案: 1.D 2.B 3.A 4. A 5.A
4.2013郑州预测二
If the eyes are the romantic’s window into the soul, then the teeth are an anthropologist’s ( 人类学家 ) door to the stomach.
In a study published last month in the journal Science, Peter Ungar of the University of Arkansas and his partner, Matt Sponheimer of the University of Colorado, US, examined the teeth of our early human ancestors to find out what they were really eating.
They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. Some cause scratches, while others cause pits (坑).The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different. Tropical grasses, for example, leave one kind of carbon, but trees leave another kind because they photosynthesized ( 光合作用 ) differently.
Traditionally, scientists had looked at the size and shape of teeth and skulls ( 头骨 ) to figure out what early humans ate. Big flat teeth were taken to be signs that they ate nuts and seeds, while hard and sharp teeth seemed good for cutting meat and leaves. But this was proven wrong. The best example was the Paranthropus (傍人), one of our close cousins, some of which lived in eastern Africa. Scientists used to believe Paranthropus ate nuts and seeds because they had big crests(突起)on their skulls, suggesting they had large chewing muscles and big teeth. If this had been true, their teeth should have been covered with pits like the surface of the moon. They would also have had a particular type of carbon on their teeth that typically comes from tree products, such as nuts and seeds.
However, when the two scientists studied the Paranthroupus, it turned out to have none of these characteristics. The teeth had a different kind of carbon, and were covered with scratches, not pits. This suggests they probably ate grass, not nuts and fruit stones. It was the exact opposite of what people had expected to find.
Carbon “foodprints” give us a completely new and different insight into what different species ate and the different environments they lived in. If a certain species had the kind of carbon on its teeth that came from grasses, it probably lived in a tropical grassland, for example.
1.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably means that anthropologists can ______.
A. know the structure of human stomachs by studying their teeth
B. find out the diet of early humans by studying their teeth
C. learn whether humans were healthy by looking at their teeth
D. get the most useful information about humans from their teeth
2.According to Paragraphs 3-5，which of the following statements is true?
A. Pits on teeth are caused by eating grass or leaves.
B. Scratches on teeth are caused by eating nuts or seeds.
3.The example of the Paranthropus was mentioned in order to tell us ______.
A. they were one of our close cousins living in eastern Africa
B. living environment makes a difference to skull structure
C. they had different eating habits from other humans
D. the size and shape of teeth don’t show accurately what early humans ate
4.Which of the following structures shows the best organization of the article? (CP：Central Point Para: Paragraph P：Point Sp: Sub-point次要点C: Conclusion)
参考答案: 1.B 2.C 3.D 4. A
5---2014预测
Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.
Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies human-computer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay.
Barry Brown: “And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And, then it wasn?t until they were driving for thirty minutes until they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the GPS is kind of 'garbage in garbage out'.”
Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment.
Barry Brown: “One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it?s going to the wrong place.”
Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people?s cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”
Barry Brown: “One of the thi ngs that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you?re doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.”
Barry Brown says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills.
“The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving With GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated,
incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.
Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
A. Is GPS system reliable to use?
B. What is the use of GPS?
C. How to make the most of GPS?
D. Blame! GPS or Passengers?
2. What is the implication of the underlined part?
A. GPS is just a garbage device.
B. GPS will not correct human errors.
C. GPS adjusts your wrong destination.
D. GPS is just as smart as human beings.
3. Which is NOT mentioned as a GPS shortcoming in the passage?
A. Small screen.
B. Timing of commands.
C. Outdated maps.
D. Dear cameras GPS uses.
4. According to the passage, people commonly believe that _____.
A. you have to know where to go when using GPS
B. you need to have new competencies to use GPS well
C. GPS is proper for drivers with little sense of direction
D. GPS is fit for people having good understanding of maps
参考答案: 1.A 2.B 3.D 4. C
6--2014预测
Have you ever wondered why stems(茎)grow upwards and roots downwards? Why do plants always seem to turn towards the light and climbing plants run up rather than down? The answer is simple: auxin(生长素), a chemical substance that controls growth in plants.
Auxin gives away its secrets
Auxin is a plant hormone(激素). Darwin was already interested in it in the 19th century. Only in recent years, however, has the hormone started to give away its secrets, thanks to intensive molecular research. Auxin is produced in the young, growing parts of plants and then transported throughout the plant—to a low-lying stem for example. The stem needs to straighten out as soon as possible to be able to absorb the topside, resulting in the underside growing faster and the stem straightening out. For the same reason, plants in front of windows will always turn to the light. This active regulation of auxin transport allows plants to take ideal advantage of local and changing conditions.
A new means of transport for auxin
The transport of auxin through the plant plays a vital role. And, from all appearances, it is not a simple matter. The researchers identified an important new link and means of transport for auxin: PILS proteins (蛋白质). PILS proteins are vital for auxin-dependent plant growth and adjust the intracellular(细胞内的)storage of the hormone. It is exactly this compartmentalizing (分类) of auxin that seems functionally important for the various developmental processes. Growing crops more efficiently: the right amount of auxin in the right place Higher auxin levels at the right moment and in the right place result in better growth and greater harvest. Better adjustment of auxin levels would make plants grow more efficiently. The researchers hope to contribute to the development of more efficient growing processes by continuing to sort out auxin transport processes.
1.Which of the following is TRUE of auxin according to the text?
A. It helps the plant to bend at the right places while growing.
B．It prevents the roots of plants from growing faster.
C．It is no use when the surroundings have changed.
D．It helps the underside of plants grow faster than the topside.
2.From Paragraph 3 we know that ________
A. the researchers are not so sure if the transport for auxin is a new one
B．the levels of auxin remain the same during the growing processes of plants C．PILS proteins delay the growth of plants
D．PILS proteins play an important part in the transport of auxin
3．According to Paragraph 2, the researchers got their results mainly by ________. A. referring to Darwin's theory B．observing plants straightening C．doing intensive molecular research D．watching plants in different places 4．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A. Why Plants Grow towards the Light? B．Darwin's Dream Has Come True C．How Did Scientists Find Out the Secret? D．A New Way of the Growing of Plants 参考答案: 1.D 2.D 3.C 4. A
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。
3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。
2020届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练-科教科普类(1)
科教科普类 1、You can remember the face, but can‘t put a name to it. Many of us have been caught in this embarrassing situation. But researchers say it is often easier to remember someone's name than what they look like. Twenty-four volunteers were shown 40 pictures of strangers, paired with random(随机的) names. They were given time to memorize the faces and names before being tested on which they thought they had seen before. The participants could remember up to 85 per cent of the names but only 73 per cent of the faces. When they were shown a different picture of the same person, the participants could recall only 64 per cent of faces, according to the study, led by the University of York. That may be because faces are only recognized visually, while names can be both spoken and written down so appear in our visual and audio memory. When people were shown famous people, they also remembered their names more accurately than their photographs. Co-author Dr Rob Jenkins, from the university's psychology department, said, "Our study suggests that, while many people may be bad at remembering names, they are likely to be even worse at remembering faces. This will surprise many people as it is against our initial understanding. Our life experiences with names and faces have misled us about how our minds work." Remembering names gets harder with age, leading to many uncomfortable moments for middle-aged people when they run into acquaintances. But to study whether names are harder to recall than faces, the researchers, whose findings are published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, used a “fair test” where the participants were presented with strangers’ names and faces. 1.What can we know according to the research in Paragraph 3? A.It is certain that names are harder to recall than faces. B.Remembering names is more easily than remembering faces.
中考化学培优专题复习科普阅读题练习题附答案
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(英语)高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案
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(英语)高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)
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【英语】高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案
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2019高三英语二轮练习话题练习2：科普小品类阅读理解
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高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析
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【英语】高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)
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