初中英语语法大全
第1章名词
一、名词的可数与不可数
1、不可数名词:物质名词和抽象名词都是不可数
名词,如water, honor
常见的不可数名词:
news(虽以s结尾,但它是一个不可数名词),
bread, music, weather, money, paper, advice,
medicine等,这些词常和piece, bit, cup, pair等
单位量词搭配使用,若表示复数概念时,需要
把单位量词变成复数形式。如:
a cup of tea three cups of tea
My friend Dave helped me a lot by giving me
____ on English learning.
A. advices
B. many advice
C. some advice
2、不可数名词与可数名词的转化
Fish 鱼,可数名词,指同类鱼时复数形式仍为
fish,指不同种类的鱼时复数形式为fishes
鱼肉,不可数名词
Glass 玻璃,不可数名词
玻璃杯,可数名词,复数形式为glasses,
还是“眼镜”的意思
Orange 橙子,桔子,可数名词
橙汁,橙色,不可数名词
Room 房间,可数名词
空间、地方,不可数名词
It?s so crowded here. Let?s make some ____ for the baby.
A. ground
B. room
C. seats
D. chairs
二、可数名词复数形式的构成方法
1、一般名词后加-s
Game----games desk----desks
There are four ____ and two ____ at the ____.
A. Johns; Marys; doctors
B. Johns; Marys; doctor?s
C. John?s; Mary?s; doctor?s
D. John; Mary; doctor?s
2、以s, sh, ch, x, z结尾的名词,若读音为[s], [z], [ ],
[ ], [ ], [ ]等音素结尾时加-es。
Box----boxes watch----watches
Look! The kites in the sky are in different ____.
Some are big and some are small.
A. sizes
B. colors
C. child
D. names
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加
-es;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词直接加s。
family----families
Look! Two ____ (monkey) are fighting for food
over there. monkeys
4、以f/fe结尾的名词,大多数将f/fe改为v,再加-es。
wife----wives knife----knives
Dead ____ (leaf) can be seen here and there in
late autumn. Leaves
5、以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词加-es
Tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,echo—echoes 但外来词和缩略词要加-s。
Piano----pianos(外来词)
photo----photos(缩略词,全拼是photograph)
British people eat ____ a lot, and they are usually
cooked in different ways.
A. chicken
B. beef
C. fish
D. potatoes
6、表示“某国人”的名词变复数
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Englishman—Englishmen
Frenchman--Frenchmen
其它复数形式按照名词变复数规律变化即可。
They are from ____. They?re ____.
A. Germany; Germans
B. Germans; Germany
C. German; Germany
D. Germany; Germen
7、特殊变化
Man----men woman----women foot----feet
tooth----teeth child----children
8、复合名词的复数形式
中间没有连字符或间隔的复合名词,把最后一个
名词变复数,如:birthdays
中间有连字符或间隔的复合名词,将主要名词变
复数,如:passersby
由man或woman构成的复合名词,两个名词都
要变复数,如:woman doctor----women doctors
All the ____ teachers enjoyed themselves on March
8th, because it was their own holiday.
A. man
B. men
C. woman
D. women
9、“数词+名词(+形容词)”构成的复合形容词,其
中的名词只能用单数,且这几个词必须由连字符
连接,如:a five-year-old girl
It is five years since we began to enjoy a ____ spring holiday each year.
A. ten-day
B.ten day
C.ten day?s
D. ten-days
10、单复数形式相同的名词
Sheep deer
复合名词本身就是复数名词,不可作单数使用,
如:people(作“民族”时是单数), cattle
The restaurant is so popular here. Look, there are
so many ____ here.
A. food
B. dish
C. people
D. waiter
11、除人民币的元、角、分没有复数形式外,其它
货币都有复数形式,如:
Ten yuan five dollars
三、名词的所有格
1、在名词后加?s
通常用于有生命的名词后,若名词的复数以s或
es结尾,加?,如:
The boy?s ball the boys? ball
the children?s books
This is not my dictionary. It?s ____. She lent it to
me this morning.
A. my sister
B. my sisters
C. my sister?s
D. my sisters?
2、of形式的名词所有格
A of
B 多用于无生命的名词,of表示所有关系,
B是整体,A是部分,如:The window of this room
3、表示两人或多人所有关系的?s所有格
表示共同拥有一个人或事物时,只需将最后一个
名词变为?s所有格;表示分别拥有时,各个名词
的词尾都需加?s,如:
Jack and Mary?s mother 杰克和玛丽的妈妈(两个
人是一家人)
Jack?s and Mary?s mothers 杰克和玛丽的妈妈(两
个人不是一家人)
____ mothers both work in the same hospital.
A. Tim and Peter?s
B. Tim?s and Peter
C. Tim?s and Peter?s
D. Tim and Peter
4、表示时间、天气、距离、国家、独一无二的事物
等的名词所有格使用?s或?形式,如:
The sun?s heat today?s news
--How far is your cousin?s home from here?
--It?s about two ____ drive.
A. hour?s
B. hours
C. hours?
D. hour
5、双重所有格
…s和of结合构成的所有格称为双重所有格,如:
A friend of my father?s
Mrs. Bond is an old friend of ____.
A. Jack mother
B. Jack mother?s
C. Jack?s mother
D. Jack?s mother?s
口诀:
名词变为复数式,后加s统言之。
少数名词不规则,要加s先加e。
尾音[s][z][ ]和[ ],还有辅音加o时。
辅音加y变ie,f结尾改ve。
少数名词不规则,男女脚牙鹅孩子。
日本绵羊中国鱼,特殊变化要硬记。
第2章第2章代词一、人称代词和物主代词
如:I like flowers. Listen to me, please.
My pencil is yellow. The yellow pencil is mine.
--Do you know Alice?
--Yes. I know ____ very well.
A. she
B. her
C. herself
D. hers
Xiao Shenyang says that ____ job is to make people happy.
A. his
B. he
C. him
D. himself
二、it的用法
1、it作人称代词时代替人或物,可以用来指代上文
提到的事物、想法,也可以代替时间、天气、距
离、不知性别的婴儿或不明确的人。
--Oh, there?s someone in the room.
--____ must be my brother.
A. He
B. This
C. It
2、作形式主语
常用于“It?s + 形容词+ to do/that….”句型。
____ is impolite to cut in line when you are waiting
for a bus.
A. This
B. That
C. It
3、作形式宾语
用来代替动词不定式或从句,常用在动词make,
find等词后。
All of us find ____ necessary to take exercise
everyday.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. them
三、反身代词
单数:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
复数:ourselves, yourselves, themselves
在句中一般作宾语、同位语、表语等,不能单独作主语,作宾语时常用在动词enjoy, teach, help, buy, wash等词及一些介词后。
Oneself 亲自(做….)
By oneself = alone 独自(做….)
For oneself = without being helped 独立(做….)
His name is James but he calls ____ Jim.
A. his
B. himself
C. him
D. 不填
四、疑问代词
Who 谁。指人,可问主语和宾语。
Whom 谁。指人,问宾语。
Whose 谁的,可指人或物,用物主代词或名词所有格回答。
What 什么,指物,不能指人,但可询问人的职业、身份或外貌。
Which 哪一个/些,可指人或物,表示选择,一般有特定的选择范围。
There?s a red car parking in our neighborhood. Do you know ____ it is?
A. what
B. who
C. whose
D. whom
--____ are you talking about?
--Something about the A(H1N1) flu.
A. What
B. Where
C. Why
D. How
五、不定代词
1、some 用于肯定句,但在一些表示建议、请求、
邀请的疑问句中或希望对方给出肯定回
答时用some不用any。
Any 用于否定句,在肯定句中表示“任何”。
There isn?t ____ water in the glass. Let?s go and get
some.
A. many
B. lots
C. any
D. some
2、many 很多,修饰或代替可数名词。
Much 很多,修饰或代替不可数名词。
A lot of 很多,也可以写成lots of,修饰可数
和不可数名词,通常用于肯定句,否
定句和疑问句用many或much替换。
She feels happy because she has ____ good friends
here.
A. no
B. few
C. many
D. any
3、both 指两者都。
All 指三个或三个以上都。
它们作主语的同位语时位于be动词、助动词或
情态动词之后,实义动词之前。
Helen has two sisters and a brother. Her brother is
working, but ____ her sisters are still at school.
A. neither
B. either
C. all
D. both
4、few 修饰可数名词,“几乎没有”,否定词。
A few 修饰可数名词,“有一点儿”。
Little 修饰不可数名词,“几乎没有”,否定词。
A little 修饰不可数名词,“有一点儿”。
Paul has ____ friends here, so he often feels lonely.
A. few
B. a few
C. some
5、one 用来指上文中所出现的同类中的一
个,只代替可数名词,复数形式ones。
I have got many collections of snow globes. You may take ____ if you like.
A. either
B. one
C. it
D. none
6、the other 两个中的另一个,常常出现在“one…., the other….”句式中。
Another 不确定范围中的另一个,可单独使
用或用于单数名词前。
Others 单独使用,常与some对比使用,泛
指“其他的”,但并非全部。
The others 单独使用,特指“其他的(全部人或
物)”
We don?t have enough nurses to look after the
patients. At least ____ are needed.
A. ten another nurses
B. more ten nurses
C. other ten nurses
D. another ten nurses
7、由some-, any-, no-, every-加上-body, -one, -thing
构成的复合不定代词
Some-构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句,
但有时也用于表示请求、建议的疑问句中,用法同
some。
Any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句、条件句,有时用于肯定句,用法同any。
No-构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句表示
否定意义。
形容词修饰复合不定代词时要置后。
--Is there ____ in today?s newspaper?
--Yes, our National Table Tennis Team won all the
seven gold medals once more.
A. something new
B. anything new
C. somebody special
D. anybody special
8、neither “两个都不”,常见搭配:neither….nor
既不…..也不…..
Either “两个中的任何一个”,常见搭配:
either….or…. 或者…或者…..
No one 指代人,“没有一个人”,用于三个
及三个以上的范围。
None 指代人或物,“没有人/物”,可与of
连用,对该词提问时使用how many。
--Who will send you to the new school, your mom or
your dad?
--____. I?ll go there alone.
A. Both
B. Either
C. Neither
D. None
六、指示代词
单数:this, that
复数:these, those
This, that可指代上文提过的事物。
第三章数词
数词分为两类:
基数词(如one, two….)
序数词(如first, second….)
*十位数与个位数之间必须要有“-”,如:
Fifty-nine
用法:
1、表达编号
名词+基数词首字母大写,如:Room 203
序数词+名词如:the third floor
Kate?s new house is on the twelfth(十二)floor.
2、表达年、月、日
年:基数词日:序数词
美式:月-日-年,如:March the first, 1980
英式:日-月-年,如:the first, March, 1980
在….世纪….年代:in the +年份+ s/?s。如:
In the 1990s 在二十世纪九十年代
About ___ of the workers in the factory were born in
the ___.
A. two-thirds, 1970
B. two-thirds, 1970s
C. two-third, 1970
D. two-third, 1970s
3、表达年龄
基数词+ years old,如:two years old
基数词+ years of age,如:two years of age
At ( the age of ) + 基数词,如:at the age of two
In + 物主代词+ 整十数词的复数形式:在某人几十多岁时,如:in his forties 在他四十多岁时
The old man began to learn to drive a car at the age of ___.
A. sixty
B. the sixtieth
C. sixty years old
D. sixties
4、表达分数
分子:基数词分母:序数词
当分子>1时,作分母的序数词用复数形式。如:One third 三分之一three fifths 五分之三
___ of the apples in the fruit bowl are soft and sweet.
A. Two-third
B. Second-third
C. Two-thirds
D. Second-thirds
5、表达数目
基数词+ hundred/thousand/million/billion (+ 复数
名词) ,如:seven thousand
*这几个词不用复数形式
Hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of + 复数名词,如:hundreds of people
Enshi is becoming a tourist city. ___ people come here during the holidays every year.
A. Thousand of
B. Thousands of
C. Five thousands of
D. Five thousands
6、表达时刻
时刻的任何一种表达法都使用基数词。
整小时数+ a.m. / p.m. (不能与o?clock, morning, afternoon, :00等连用),如:ten p.m. 晚上十点顺读法:小时+ 分钟,如:
8:40 eight forty
倒读法:
1—29分:分钟+ past + 小时,如:
6:03 three minutes past six
31—59分:(60-分钟数)+ to +(小时数+1),
如:12:50 ten to one
30分:half + 小时,如:
11:30 half past eleven
*当分钟数非整五整十时,必须加上minute(s)
15分钟也可以表示成a quarter
“what time do you usually get up, John?”
“I usually get up at ___.”
A. half past six
B. half to six
C. half after six
7、序数词前无冠词的情况
序数词前一般用定冠词the,但当它前面用a / an时,
表示“又一,再一”;如果序数词前有形容词性物主
代词时,不再用任何冠词。
Two days isn?t enough for me to finish the work. I
need ___ day.
A. a third
B. the third
C. the other
D. other
8、“几个半”的表达
基数词+ and a half + 复数名词,如:
Five and a half days 五天半
不定冠词/ 基数词+ 名词+ and a half,如:
Five days and a half
*当是不定冠词或数词是one时,名词用单数
Please wait here. I?ll be back in ___ hours.
A. two and a half
B. two hour and half
C. two hours and halves
D. two and half
第4章冠词
冠词分为不定冠词a, an和定冠词the。
一、不定冠词的用法
1、A和an 的用法区别
A用在以辅音开头的单词前,an用在以元音开头的单词前。
Dr. Ma, ___ ORBIS doctor, has done so important ___ job that many people are grateful to him.
A. a, a
B. a, an
C. an, a
D. an, an
2、表示泛指的某人、某物,只说明大体的情况,用于可数名词单数前。
He is ___ kind man. He often gives money to charity.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
3、表示微弱的“一”的概念,强调数目“一”则用one。
--Can I help you, sir?
--___ map of Sichuan, please.
A. A
B. An
C. the
D. 不填
4、用于一些固定短语中
Have a rest in a hurry a lot of
Have a look have a cold have a try
Have a good time after a while make an effort
What ___ interesting game! Let me have ___ try, OK?
A. an, a
B. an, an
C. /, a
D. an, /
二、定冠词的用法
1、表示特定的人或物
表示上文提到过的或谈话双方都明确的人或物
Look! ___ man over there is Li Lei?s father.
A. An
B. A
C. The
2、用于西洋乐器的名词前,如:play the piano
用于世界上独一无二的事物名词前,如:the sun
用于可数名词单数前,表示一类人或事物,如:The poor 穷人
用于由几个普通名词构成的专有名词前,如:
The United States
用于复数姓氏前,表示一家人或夫妇二人,如:The Smiths
用于一天当中的早上、下午和晚上,如:
In the morning
The guitar might belong to Alice. She plays ___
guitar very well.
A. the
B. a
C. /
3、用于序数词及形容词最高级前
___ youngest leader in China is ___ man called Lu
Hao.
A. The, a
B. A, the
C. A, a
D. An, all
4、用于中国传统节日前,如:the Spring Festival
5、用于一些固定短语中
The matter the same
all the year round at the age of
on the left / right by the way
In the middle of the day after tomorrow
The day before yesterday on the way to
Don?t make ___ same mistake for the second time
in ___ day.
A. the, a
B. a, a
C. the, the
三、不用冠词的情况(即零冠词)
1、用于三餐、球类、棋类、运动的名词前,如:
Have lunch, play football, play chess
A: What do you like to do after school?
B: I like playing ___ chess with my father.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
2、用于中国传统乐器前,如:play erhu
3、用于泛指的不可数名词或可数名词复数之前
I think it?s ___ useful advice, so I will always
remember it.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
4、用于季节、月份、星期、节日等的名词前,如:
In spring, in March, on Monday, on Children?s Day
People often go skating in ___ winter.
A. /
B. a
C. an
D. the
5、用于学科、语言的名词及一些物质名词、抽象名
词和专有名词前,如:study Chinese
More and more foreign students come to China to
learn ___ Chinese.
A. a
B. an
C. that
D. 不填
6、用于独一无二的职位、头衔、人名以及称呼语的
名词前,但表示职业的名词作表语时其前通常用
不定冠词,如:President Hu
My father is ___ engineer. He works very hard.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. 不填
7、用于一些固定短语中
On duty on foot in fact
In silence by bus catch fire
Lose weight at first at night
At work by chance on hand
--will you get there by ___ train?
--No, I?ll take ___ taxi.
A. /, a
B. a, the
C. /, /
D. the, a
第5章形容词和副词一、形容词和副的用法
1、形容词描述某个事物,修饰名词或代词。作表语时用于系动词后,作定语时:adj. + n. / pron.
2、副词用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等,修饰动
词、形容词、其它副词或整个句子。
位置:v. / adj. / adv. + adv.
His father is a ___ worker. He always works ___.
A. hard, hardly
B. hardly, hard
C. hard, hard
D. hardly, hardly
3、用于as…as…结构中,表示两个人或物在某方面程度相同。
--The dish is delicious!
--Well, at least it?s ___ the one I cooked yesterday.
A. as good as
B. worse than
C. as well as
D. as bad as
4、用于not as (so)…as…结构中,表示甲在某方面不如乙,其中前一个as可用so代替。
Don?t just believe the advertisement. That kind of camera is ___ it says.
A. as good as
B. not s good as
C. as well as
D. not as well as
5、形容词作表语时位于系动词之后,作定语时位于被修饰的名词之前、复合不定代词(someone,
somebody, anyone, something等)之后。常用的系动词:be, become, get, feel, look, sound, smell, taste。
“Have you read today?s newspaper?”“Not yet. Is there ___ ?”
A. anything important
B. nothing interesting
C. important anything
6、enough
作副词时,adj. /adv. + enough
作形容词时,enough + n.,也可作表语。
Don?t worry. He is ___ to look after little Betty.
A. carefully enough
B. enough careful
C. careful enough
D. enough carefully
7、频度副词
常用的有:always, usually, often, sometimes, never
频度副词常位于系动词、助动词或情态动词之后、实义动词之前,句中有多个助动词时,则位于第一个助动词之后。
Now the train service is very good. The trains are ___ on time.
A. hardly
B. always
C. never
D. sometimes
二、形容词和副词的比较级
1、比较级+ than 表示两者之间进行比较
Which / Who is +形容词比较级,A or B? 表示两
者之间进行选择,“哪一个更….?”
It?s ___ to teach a man fishing than to give him fish.
A. better
B. best
C. more
D. good
2、比较级+ and +比较级“越来越…”
如果是多音节词,用“more and more +形容词/副
词”结构。
After the rebuilding our school is becoming ___.
A. more and more beautiful
B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. beautiful and beautiful
D. the more beautiful
3、比较级+ than + any other +单数名词表示最高级意义。
--Peter jumps ___ than any other boy in our school.
--I?m sure he will be the winner in the high jump.
A. higher
B. longer
C. faster
D. farther
4、the +比较级+ of the two 表示两者之间比较
The +比较级,the +比较级“越…,就越…”
The more you read, ___ you will get.
A.the less
B.the most
C.the more
D.much more
5、在比较级前一般可用much, a little, a lot, even, still, far, a bit等修饰说明程度,但不可用very, quite,
rather等修饰。
Mrs. King kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting.
A.heavy
B.heavier
C.the heavier
D. the heaviest
三、形容词和副词的最高级
三个或三个以上的事物进行比较用最高级
1、the +形容词/副词的最高级+名词+ of / in…(表示
范围的短语或从句)
最高级前必须有the,但当形容词最高级前有形容
词物主代词或名词所所格修饰它时,the必须省略。
This dictionary is pretty cheap. The price of it is ___
of the three.
A. very low
B. quite low
C. the lowest
D. much lower
2、the +序数词+最高级+单数名词“某范围内最….”
--I think Li Ming is the strongest student in our class.
--I agree with you, but who is the second ___ one?
A. strong
B. stronger
C. the strongest
D. strongest
3、one of the +最高级+复数名词“最…之一”
Paper-making is ___ of ancient China.
A. one of greatest inventor
B. one of the greatest inventors
C. one of greatest invention
D. one of the greatest inventions
4、最高级most前如果没有定冠词the,就没有比较的
意思,只是用来加强语气,意为“很,非常”。
Of all the students, Linda draws ___ carefully.
A. very
B. much
C. more
D. most
第6章介词和介词短语
一、常见介词结构
1、Be +形容词+介词
Be strict with / in be proud of
be busy with be good at
It?s very kind ___ them to pick me up at the railway
station and drive me home.
A. for
B. to
C. of
D. none
2、动词(+副词)+介词
Look at, arrive in/at, look after, catch up with
Come up with, be made of/in/from/by
--This wine tastes a little bit strange.
--It is. It?s made ___ apple.
A. of
B. from
C. by
D. in
3、介词+名词
At noon, on duty, to one?s surprise, at home
In a hurry, at work, in front of, in the end
--Hurry up, Jack!
--Just give me five minutes to put my desk in ___.
A. time
B. line
C. order
D. shape
二、介词辨析
1、表示时间:in, at, on
表示一段时间,如年、月、星期、四季或morning,
afternoon, evening前用in;
钟点时刻前用at,也用于noon, night前;
星期几、具体某一天、某一天的早、午、晚或节日
前用on。
There is going to be a wonderful party ___ the
evening of October 1st, 2009.
A. in
B. on
C. at
D. for
2、表示地点:in, at, on
In用于表示国家、城市等大地方的名词前,还可
以表示“在….里面、内部、某一范围内”;
At表示某一点或用于小地点前;
On表示“在….上”,强调在某事物的表面。
Tom told me his parents had arrived ___ Beijing.
A. at
B. on
C. in
D. to
3、表示方位:in, to, on
In表示在某一地区之内(属于该范围);
On表示与某一地区的毗邻关系(接壤);
To表示在某一地区之外不接壤的方位(不属于该范围)。
这三者所表示的位置关系恰似数学中圆的“包含
(in)、相切(on)、相离(to)”关系。
Korea is ___ Asia. It?s ___ the northeast of China and ___ the west of Japan.
A.in, to, on
B.in, on, to
C.on, in, to
D.to, on, in
4、between “在….(两者)之间”
Among “在….之间”,指三者及三者以上。若强调三者以上的两两之间,也可以用between。
Our English teacher was standing ___ us so that she
could hear us all clearly.
A.away from
B.far behind
C. between
D.among
5、across 穿过,越过。含有从表面穿过之意,或沿
某一条线的方向而进行的动作,表示游渡、
乘船过海或过河时用该词。
Through 穿过,越过。含有从中间穿过之意。
The policeman helped the old woman ___ the road.
A. above
B. across
C. through
D. over
6、over 在….上方,指垂直的正上方,不接触。反义
词:under
Above 在….上方,不一定是垂直的正上方,不接触。反义词:below
On 在….上面,互相接触。
She will leave her homework ___ the teacher?s desk
after school today.
A. from
B. to
C. for
D. on
7、since + 时间点从….时候以来,常用于完成时。
For + 时间段表示“多长时间”,常用于完成时。
In + 时间段表示“多久以后”,用于将来时。
After + 时间段用于过去时;
+ 时间点用于将来时。
No hurry. The bus will arrive ___ ten minutes.
A. at
B. for
C. in
D. by
8、in 主要表示“用语言、声音”等,还表示“用某种物质”;
With 表示“用具体有形的东西”;
By 表示“使用的方法手段”等。
Betty, let?s make a cake ___ some flour, sugar, butter
and milk.
A. at
B. of
C. in
D. with
9、during 在….期间
By 到….为止,不迟于….,谓语多用瞬间动词。
Until 用于肯定句时,表示“直到….为止”,谓语
动词用持续性;用于否定句时,表示“直
到….才….”,谓语使用瞬间动词。
It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ___ we?ve
actually had that lesson.
A. when
B. after
C. since
D. until
10、but 除….之外,常与有否定意义的词连用。
Except 除….之外(不再有),指从整体中排除一
部分的人或物,前面常有all, every, any, no
及其它复合词。不用于句首。
Except for 除….之外(不再有),用于句首。
Apart from 除….之外(不再有),用于句首。
Besides 除….之外(还有),其前常有other, another, the other, any other, a few等词。
--All the clerks went home ___ Mr. Wang. Why?
--Because he had to finish his work.
A. except
B. besides
C. without
D. beside
第7章连词
一、并列连词
1、表示并列关系
And 和
both…and…两者都
Neither…nor…既不….也不….
Not only…but (also)…不但….而且….
As well as 和
句型:祈使句,+ and / or +一般将来时的句子
--I hear ___ your grandpa ___ your grandma like
watching Min Opera.
A. both, and
B. either, or
C. neither, nor
D. not only, but also
2、表示转折关系
But 但是
Yet 然而
While 然而(常用来表示前后鲜明的对比)
I t?s a beautiful place, ___ there were so many people
there that I couldn?t find a proper place to take
photos.
A. but
B. so
C. and
3、表示选择关系
Or 或者,否则
Or else 否则
Not…but…不是….而是….
Either…or…或者….或者….
在并列句的否定句中,“和”要用or代替and;若
连接的两部分都有否定词,则用and。
When you are learning English, use it, ___ you will
lose it.
A. but
B. or
C. then
D. and
二、从属连词
1、引导宾语从句:that, if, whether (… or not)
I don?t know ___ they could pass the exam or not.
A. why
B. when
C. that
D. whether
2、引导时间状语从句:
when, while, as, after, before, until / till, since,
as soon as
My uncle has been taught in this school ___ he was
twenty years old.
A. since
B. for
C. until
D. after
3、引导原因状语从句:because, since, as
--Did you give Dick a call?
--I didn?t need to ___ I?ll see him soon.
A. when
B. though
C. until
D. because
4、引导条件状语从句:if, unless, once, in case
The art club is for members only. You can?t go in ___
you are a member.
A. unless
B. because
C. if
D. though
5、引导目的状语从句:so that, in order that
--What would some students like to do after finishing
their education?
--They would like to start to work ___ they needn?t
depend on their parents completely.
A. as soon as
B. so that
C. before
D. while
6、引导让步状语从句:
Even if, even though, thought, although, but
Thought / although与了but不能同时出现。
The story is hard to understand ___ there are no new
words in it.
A. but
B. so
C. though
7、引导地点状语从句:where, wherever
While flying, a bat makes a sound which hits things
and comes back to its ears. In this way it?s ale to
know ___ the things are and avoid humping into
them.
A. how
B. where
C. what
D. which
8、引导结果状语从句:
So, so that, so…that…, such…that…
Mom, my classmates are waiting outside, ___ I must
go now.
A. or
B. but
C. so
D. though
三、连词用法辨析
1、when, while, as “在….时候”
When引导的从句中,动词可以是延续性的,也可
以是短暂性的;
While引导的从句中,动词只能是延续性的;
As表示随着短暂动作的发生,另一行为伴随发生。
Yesterday evening, I was playing the piano ___ the
doorbell rang.
A. when
B. before
C. while
D. after
2、so…that, such…that…
So + adj. + a / an +单数可数n. + that从句
So + many / much / few / little + n. + that从句
Such + a / an + adj. + 单数可数n. + that从句
Such + adj. + 复数可数n./ 不可数n. + that从句
It was ___ weather that they decided to go out for a
picnic.
A. such fine
B. such a fine
C. so fine
D. so fine a
3、because, as, since, for
Because 只用来回答why问句,表示直接原因;
As 表示大家已知的原因;
Since 表示大家已知的原因,比as较正式;
For 表示补充说明,放在主句后面,用逗号隔开。
--Why do you hope to visit Hawaii some day?
--___ it has beautiful beaches.
A. Though
B. Or
C. Because
D. So
第8章动词一、常见系动词
表示主语状态:be (am, is, are, was, were)
表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度:
Keep, remain, stay, stand
表象系动词表示“看起来像”:seem, appear
感官系动词:feel, smell, sound, taste, look
变化系动词:become, go, grow, turn
--What is Mum cooking in the kitchen?
--Fish, I guess. How nice it ___!
A. looks
B. sounds
C. tastes
D. smells
二、动词辨析
完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. :who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如): 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
初中英语语法大全
初中英语语法大全 最牛英语口语培训模式:躺在家里练口语,全程外教一对一,三个月畅谈无阻!太平洋英语,免费体验全部外教一对一课程:https://www.360docs.net/doc/f010810918.html, 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级 and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at nigh t I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心;小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原)将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
初中英语语法大全(必备)
初中英语语法大全(必备)
英语语法大全: 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do (例如:I like watching monkeys jump) 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同····一道,伴随······(例如: I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树) 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)(例如: ask you for my book ) 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时(例如:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾(例如: At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 (例如: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原)能够……(例如: She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么(例如:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……(例如: I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么(例如: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视、I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气(例如: Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样(例如: She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to感到羞愧 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害(例如: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
初中英语语法大全汇总
初中英语语法大全汇总 (一) 一.词类( ) 名词英文名称(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词等 冠词英文名称(缩写为.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a() 代词英文名称(缩写为) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词 形容词英文名称(缩写为.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词. 数词英文名称(缩写为.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词 动词英文名称(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词() 副词英文名称(缩写为.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词 介词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词. 连词英文单词(缩写为.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词. 感叹词英文单词(缩写为.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词. 二.名词() 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 中国亚洲北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: 老师茶改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 马汽车房间苹果风扇照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 人们家庭军队政府集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 火钢空气水牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 劳动健康生活友情耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词( )有复数形式,如: a 不可数名词( )一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 沙糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 玻璃玻璃杯纸报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。
最完整的初中英语语法大全
英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)
初中生中考必须掌握的英语语法大汇总
语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此,单词的形态变化是语法学习的基础之基础。而九种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。 总之,语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好,将大大加快英语学习的进程。本文帮大家归纳了词法、九种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握五种基本从句,希望对广大中学生有所帮助。 1词法 ▊ 1.名词 1.1 名词的可数与不可数 可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。 不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。 1.2 名词复数的规则变化 A.一般情况下加-s。 B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es D.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es 1.3 名词的所有格 A.单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。 如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball
B.表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。 如:This is Lucy and Licy’ s room. These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms. C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。 如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses (另外:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。) ▊ 2.代词 人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词 2.1 人称代词 第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数you you your yours yourself 复数you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数he him his his himself
初中英语语法大全
初中英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词 动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面名词或代词与其他句子成分关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主、谓、宾、定、状、表、宾补。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你
初中英语语法大全.pdf
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级 and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心;小心 33 be different from……和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing Does he come from Bejing
初中英语语法大全精华版
初中英语语法大全 语法网络图 一.名词 I. 名词的种类: II. 1. 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下: leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, 2.
III. 名词的所有格: 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of 加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s 2. ’s
3. of所有格的用法: 用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed 二.冠词 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。 I. That boy is rather a Lei Feng. II.
III. 三.代词: I. 代词可以分为以下七大类: II. 不定代词用法注意点: 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others. Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. I have some questions to ask.
初中英语语法大全:英语五个基本句型
初中英语语法大全:英语五个基本句型1简单句、并列句、复合句 根据语法形式,即句子的结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 句型:主语+谓语 只包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型,详见第十七章。 They are playing baseball in the garden. 他们正在公园里打棒球。 Her brother and sister both are teachers. 她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。 2并列句 句型:简单句+并列连词+简单句 (常见的并列连词有and,but,or) 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 My friend was at home,and we talked for along time. 我的朋友在家,我们谈了好长时间。 Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.
她父亲是个医生,她母亲是个老师。I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事,可是李明却对它不感兴趣。 Hurry up,or you'll be late. 快点,否则你就会迟到的。 3复合句 句型:主句+连词+从句;或连词+从句+主句(包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句,或只包含一个从句,但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。) 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.(讲述“谁”~) 我们在一中学习。 The classroom is very clean. (讲述“什么”很干净) 这间教室很干净。 Three were absent.(数词作主语)
初中英语语法大全(总结篇)
资料收集于网络,如有侵权请联系网站删除 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心;小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名
初中英语语法大全精华版
初中英语语法大全精华版 1、规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f 和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o 结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 2、不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
(完整版)初中英语语法大全汇总
初中英语语法大全汇总 一、词类( Parts of Speech ) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.)表示人或事物的名称 冠词英文名称The Artide( 缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事 物 代词英文名称The Pronoun (缩写为pron)用来代替名词、形容词、数词形容词英文名称The Adjective (缩写为adj. )用来修饰名 词,表示人或事物的特征 数词英文名称The Numeral (缩写为num.)表示数量或是顺序动词英文名称The Verb (缩写为v. )表示动作或状态副词英文名称The Adverb (缩写为adv.)修饰动词、形容词、其他副词介词英文名称The Preposition (缩写为prep. )表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系 连词英文名称The Conjunction (缩写为conj. )用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句与句 感叹词英文名称The Interjection (缩写为interj. )表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感 二、名词( Nouns) 1、名词分为专有名词和普通名词 专有名词:表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构的专有名称。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语, 则必须使用定冠词the 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义) 普通名词:表示某些人、某些事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称:表示单个的人和事物 House 、car 、room、apple 、fun 、picture 2 )集体名称:表示一群人或一些事物的名称 People 、family 、army、government、group 3 )物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形态和大小的个体的物质 Fire 、steel 、air 、water 、milk 4 )抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念 Labour 、health 、life 、friendship 、patience 2、名词按其所表现的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词( Countable Nouns )是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词不 可数名词( Uncountable Nouns ) 不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词抽象名词物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词, 但含义不同glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 可数名词有单数(the Singular Nunmber和复数(the Plural Number)两种形式 名词的复数形式(The Plural Form Nou ns)的部分规则如下: 1) 一般情况下, 在词尾加-s. 2) 以s,sh,ch,x 等结尾的词加-es. 3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es. 4) 名词以-f 或-fe 结尾的,把-f 或-fe 变成-ves. 注:英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的, 需要一一记忆常见的有: man-men 、woman-wome、nfoot-feet 、tooth-teeth 、mouse- mice、 ox-oxen 、sheep-sheep、dear-dear 、fish-fish 英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。 scissors 剪刀goods 货物trousers 裤子clothes 衣 服glasses 玻璃杯 3、名词的所有格:表示所属关系, 相当于物主代词, 在句中作定语、宾语或主语 (1) 表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加?s (2) 以s 或es 结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加(”) (3) 有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词, 也可在词尾加‘ s (4) 无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词, 一般均可用介词of 短语来表示所有关系 ( 5)‘ s 还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺 ( 6)两人共有某物时, 可以采用 A and B‘ s 的形式 (7)“ of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格 4、名词的功能名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语 三、代词(Pronoun) 1、代词的分类 英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、 疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等
初1英语全册语法知识点汇总.doc
初一英语全册语法知识点汇总 当我第一遍读一本好书的时候,我仿佛觉得找到了一个朋友;当我再一次读这本书的时候,仿佛又和老朋友重逢。我们要把读书当作一种乐趣,并自觉把读书和学习结合起来,做到博览、精思、熟读,更好地指导自己的学习,让自己不断成长。让我们一起到学习啦一起学习吧! 初一英语语法大全 初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的,但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小,容易被忽视,但这些知识点掌握不熟练,往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时,要认真、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。 下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,如果要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下, 一、初一英语语法词法 1、名词 A)、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下: 一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police 警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼fishes鱼的种类, paper 纸papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作works作品,工厂, glass 玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水oranges橙子, light光线lights灯, people人peoples民族, time时间times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡 十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如:Is (I s), Ks (K s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格