英美国家文化概况知识点总结

英美国家文化概况知识点总结
英美国家文化概况知识点总结

Note 1:

ENGLISH CULTURE

INTRODUCTION:

The World : a Sphere/Globe

2 elements: Land + Water:

7 CONTINENTS + 5 OCEANS

Asia, Africa, Europe, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian,

North America, South America, Arctic, Southern

Australia, Antarctica

There are more than200 COUNTRIES. …. 25% (1/4) speak ENGLISH.

*ENGLISH is THE International Language *

WHERE did ENGLISH Originate?

Background: The earliest successful Civilisations are known to have existed

thousands of years ago. eg Egyptian, Greek, Roman

By 1st Century BC, the Roman Empire had spread north through much of Europe. The Romans were noted for their organized,

educated and developed Society.

- 54 BC : ROMAN INVASION of GREAT BRITAIN

The Romans conquered the CELTS (local people). Some were killed, some joined the Romans, some were forced West (Wales) or North (Scotland).

440 AD : The Romans returned to Rome because of threats

from the North.

- 5th and 6th CENTURIES: ANGLO-SAXON INVASION of GREAT BRITAIN

The Angles and Saxons from Northern EUROPE conquered the Roman-Celts.

Once again, the Celts withdrew to Wales and Scotland.

Note 2:

1066 AD: NORMAN INVASION of GREAT BRITAIN

The Normans (from Normandy: France) conquered the

Anglo-Saxons. They commenced the English Monarchy.

William the Conqueror became the 1st King.

-1100 AD – 1300 AD: England and France fought many Wars for land in France. Eventually French lands were returned to France. The “English” had only GB.

-1349-1350 AD: “Black Death”(disease) killed many people in GB and Europe.

13th & 14th Centuries AD: Sailors (from England, Spain, Portugal) made many voyages SOUTH of Europe. In time,

they sailed around Africa and discovered the“East Indies”.

Eventually, they sailed around the WORLD. Many lands were claimed for their home country because of the riches found there.(Spices, cloth, precious stones). This was when

COLONISATION started.

15th Century AD: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION began.

Sailors continued exploring. French, Dutch and Germans also claimed colonies in other parts of the world.

-1476 AD: The PRINTING PRESS was invented.

17th & 18th Centuries AD: TRANSPORT and

MANUFACTURING Industries were mechanised. Many

people had no job because of mechanisation.

The INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION helped Britain become the most advanced and most Powerful nation in the World.

-2000 AD: The BRITSH EMPIRE was the largest in the World with the best NAVY.

Note 3:

1914-1918: World War I

-1939-1945: World War II

British soldiers fought alongside the “Allies”(friends) from Europe and British Colonies. The Debt caused by these wars cost Britain dearly.

After WWII, Britain gave independence to its

Colonies…they separate countries now.

The British Empire was replaced : NOW: Commonwealth of Nations.

Why do WE learn ENGLISH?

From 14th Century:Spanish, Portuguese, British sailors explored and claimed foreign lands for their King.

By the end 19th Century: The British Empire was the largest…

25% of the World’s countries spoke ENGLISH

Britain’s dominance was reduced after WW I and WW

TODAY : There are 54 Commonwealth Countries where

– English is the 1st

: England, Scotland, Wales, N Ireland, Australia, Canada, New Zealand

or 2nd language

: India, Pakistan, South Africa, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Sri Lanka +++…

Note 4:

LANDMARKS of LONDON

1.Westminster Abbey : 1066 : Coronation of William (1st

King)

2.Tower of London :Commenced : 1066

*used as: a Castle in 1078 by William the Conqueror

a prison from 1100

and soldiers barracks

16th,17th Centuries: The Royal Mint, Crown Jewels

3.Tower Bridge crosses Thames River near Tower of London.

4.Westminster Abbey: continued to be built from 1245;

Monarchs crowned and buried there. 1953: Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II

5.Westminster Palace: home of Royalty until destroyed by fire

1512

6.Houses of Parliament : rebuilt 1834 : copy of Westminster

Palace.

7.Big Ben, now Elizabeth Tower, 1858- largest 4-face clock

tower in the World, part of Houses of Parliament.

8.Victoria Tower : tallest tower of Houses of Parliament; honours

longest reinging British Monarch: Queen Victoria(75years)

9.Buckingham Palace: built 1838, working centre and home of

Royalty

10.Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace

11.Trafalgar Square near National Museum and Art Galleries,

honours Battle of Trafalgar lead by Lord Nelson; Nelson’s

Column

Special Structures:

MODERN:

London Eye= Millenium Eye -1999, large ferris wheel:

panoramic views of London

OLD: Westminster Abbey - 1066 AD

ANCIENT: Stonehenge – 3000 BC : pre-historic monument, possibly a burial site, circular arrangement of HUGE

STONES; l ocated south of London

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