新视角研究生英语1-7单元翻译

新视角研究生英语1-7单元翻译
新视角研究生英语1-7单元翻译

Unit 1

1.Marva was a striking woman with high cheekbones and strong angular features.

马文是一个引人注目的女人, 她有着高高的颧骨,瘦而强健。

2.Slender though not willowy, Marva was immediately discernible in a crowd—even without the visibility afforded by her height—for she had acquired a poiseand sophisticationthat gave her appearance a deliberatestyle.

马文老师瘦削而不软弱,就算她没有那么高,在人群中时还是一眼就能识别出来——因为她有着特别的镇静及教养,这些都使她有了一种严谨的风格。

3.In Marva’s opinion, it was important to have a unique imprint.

在Marva老师看来,给人留下独特的印象是很重要的.

4.she was so determined.,or just plain stubborn .

马文老师意志坚定,抑或仅仅是固执。

5.There was excitement building and Marva worked the momentum, like an entertainer who felt the pulse of an audience.

马文老师触动了孩子们兴奋的神经,她就像是一个能够触到观众脉搏的表演者。

6.I had a teacher once who called his students 'idiots' when they screwed up. He was our orchestra conductor, a fierce Ukrainian immigrant named Jerry Kupchynsky, and when someone played out of tune, he would stop the entire group to yell.

曾经有一位老师,他把那些将事情搞砸了的学生称为“白痴”。这位老师名叫杰里,是一位令人望而生畏的乌克兰移民,他当时担任我们的乐队指挥。当有人在演奏中音调不准时,他会让整个乐团停下来,然后大吼。

7.The conventional wisdom holds that teachers are supposed to tease knowledge out of students, rather than pound it into their heads. Projects and collaborative learning are applauded; traditional methods like lecturing and memorization-derided as 'drill and kill' -- are frowned upon, dismissed as a surefire way to suck young minds dry of creativity and motivation.

人们普遍认为,教师应该帮学生们梳理知识,而不是将要点硬敲进他们的脑袋。进行项目与协作性学习会受到人们的称赞;而像讲课灌输及死记硬背这样的传统方法则被嘲笑为“训练与扼杀”──会令人不悦,会被当成吸干年轻头脑创造性与积极性的一种方式而遭到人们唾弃。

8.Rote learning, long discredited, is now recognized as one reason that children whose families come from India (where memorization is still prized) are creaming their peers in the National Spelling Bee Championship.

死记硬背机械性学习法长期以来都遭到质疑,但如今却被认为是那些来自印度(死记硬背在那里仍然很受重视)家庭的孩子在全美拼字比赛(National Spelling Bee Championship)中能将同龄人远远甩在身后的一个原因。

9.The fear, of course is that failure will traumatize our kids, sapping them of self-esteem.当然了,我们担心的是:失败将令我们的孩子在精神上受到创伤、使其自尊心尽失。

10.The researchers had assumed that the most effective teachers would lead students to knowledge through collaborative learning and discussion.

研究人员曾认为,大多数教学最高效的老师是通过协作学习与讨论来使学生掌握知识的。

Unit 2

1.In the workplace, music "raises performance levels and productivity by reducing stress and tension, masking irritating sounds and contributing to a sense of privacy"。

在工作场所,音乐“通过减少压力和紧张,掩盖刺激性声音和促进隐私感来提高绩效水平和生产力,

2.Dr. Lozanov proved conclusively that by using certain Baroque pieces, foreign languages can be mastered with 85-100% effectiveness in 30 days, when the usual time is 2 years.

洛扎诺夫博士断言,听特定的巴洛克音乐,可以让你在30天内掌握外语的效率达到85-100%,而通常需要的时间是2年。

3.These special music Mozart Effect pieces, recorded at just the right tempo, activate the left and right brain for the maximum learning/retention effect.

这些特殊的莫扎特音乐,按照合理的节拍播放,可以激活左右脑使其达到最大的学习或记忆效果。

4.For the first time, researchers also have located specific areas ofmental activity linked to emotional responses to music.

研究人员还首次发现了与音乐情感反应相关的特定心理活动区域。

5.Music is biologically part of human life, just as music is aesthetically part of human life. 音乐在生物学上是人类生活的一部分,就像音乐在美学上是人类生活的一部分一样。

6.A new study dispels the notion cherished among certain classes of Americans that music improves a child’s intelligence.

一项新的研究消除了某些美国人所珍视的观点,即音乐能够提高孩子的智力。

7.To this point, only a few dozen studies have examined the purported mental benefits of studying music, and only five used randomized controlled studies, studies designed to isolate causal effects.

对于这一点,仅有几十项研究检讨过传闻中的学习音乐对智力的益处,其中只有 5 项采用了随机对照研究,即所设计的研究将因果效应分离出来。

8.Although lasting no more than 15 minutes or so, the effect was touted as a sustainable boost to general intelligence, with Georgia Governor Zell Miller in 1998 promising more than $100,000 in funding per year to provide every child in the state with a recording of classical music.

尽管这一效应只持续了15分钟,但却被吹嘘成智力有可持续的提高,乔治亚州州长泽尔·米勒就在1998年承诺每年拿出超过1000,000美元的资金用于给该州每位儿童提供一张古典音乐的唱片。

9.We don't teach kids Shakespeare because we think it will help them do better on the SATs, we do it because we believe Shakespeare is important.

我们教孩子莎士比亚不是因为我们认为这能帮助他们在大学入学考试中做得更好,我们这样做是因为我们认为莎士比亚很重要。

10.Throughout human history and antiquity, music has represented an integral quality of the human animal, a commonality in every culture of the world — including music for children. 在整个人类历史和古代,音乐代表了人类这一动物不可或缺的品质以及世界上每一种文化的共性——包括儿童音乐。

Unit 3

1.The Academie Francaise has for decades been the watchdog over the French Language.

几十年来,法兰西语言研究院已经成为法语的监督机构。

2.Unfortunately (or perhaps not), the English language is not so protected.

遗憾的是(也许不是),英语却没有受到这样的保护。

3.One hopes that nobody took the advice literally.

人们希望没有谁会去死抠这些公告上的字眼儿。

4.I fear it can not be answered with certainty whether these actually illustrate a progressive use of English or are simply reflections of local usages.

我恐怕还不能肯定地回答是否这些情况说明了英语运用的发展趋势或仅仅只是当地英语使用的反应。

5.Nevertheless, I prefer seeing English develop as the lingua franca around the world rather than being suffocated for the sake of so-called purity by some ill-advised legislative process. 尽管如此,我仍然宁愿看着英语在世界范围内向着混合语言的方向发展,而不愿看着英语被一些不明智的立法机构为了追求所谓的“净化”而受到扼杀。

6.It is estimated that 300 million Chinese read and write in English,but do not receive enough practice, but do not receive enough practice, thus fueling the often-ridiculed practice of Chinglish.

据估计,中国3亿人用英语读写,但没有得到足够的练习,因此加剧了经常被嘲笑的中式英语的使用。

7.Just as the Raman saw the diffusion of their language over seized territory as a mark of dominance,the modern day equivalent is a language’s label as a lingua franca.

正如罗马人将他们的语言在占领地域内的传播看作是统治地位的标志,当今相当于将一种语言作为通用语言的标签。

8.With the interaction of various languages that utilize different phonetics and syntax structures,it is not surprising that the adaptation of English to other languages will lead to many hybrid languages that do not necessarily have “proper” English grammar and that emphasize different tones and intonations that are unique to the home languages.

通过采用有着不同的语音的语法结构的各种语言的互动,英语改编成其他语言会产生很多不一定有“正确的”英语语法的混合语,这强调了本土语言所特有的不同的声调和语调,这是不足为奇的。

9.The emergence of Chinglish, among other languages, and the efforts to rid the city of Chinese English are short term adjustment, but in the long run it would not be surprising to see the normalization of blended languages.

中式英语从其他语言的脱颖而出,和摆脱中式英语的努力是短期调整,但长期看来,看到混合语言的规范化不足为奇。

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f417864402.html,nguages are unique to cultural and historical context, and preserving what is left of the world’s linguistic heritage and witnessing the emergence of new ones are both important in expanding the linguistic melting pot.

语言对文化和历史背景来说是独一无二的,保留剩下的世界语言遗产,见证新的语言的出现,都在扩大语言大熔炉的过程中至关重要。

Unit 4

1.However,does Disney stand for pure and innocent entertainment,or does or carry alternative motives that seem to be well-hidden from the public eye?

然而,迪士尼到底代表的是全然天真纯洁的娱乐,还是同时带有一些隐藏在大众视野之下的别有所图?

2.Critics mark the idea of negative social influences as one of Dis ney’s most ubiquitous problems.

评论家们着重提到迪斯尼最显而易见的一个问题是其所带来的一些负面的的社会影响。

3.The quantitative disproportion of male characters in Disney animated films needs to be addressed if we expect children to be able to relate to appropriate role models.

如果我们期望儿童能对合适的榜样有所认同的话,就需要认识到迪斯尼电影男女角色在数量上的比例失调。

4.The prevalence of males in villainous roles “should be analyzed for its potential negative impact on children and their relationships with caring male adults”.

普遍的由男性扮演的反派角色“应该分析其潜在的对于儿童和有爱心的男性成年人之间关系的负面影响”。

5.Critics have discovered loopholes in the system that deserves proper examination.

批评家们就能够在其体系中发现漏洞,并已进行恰当的检查。

6.Part of this came from his unique view of risk and return,which defied the short-term outlook of his investors.

其中的一个原因归结于他独特的对于风险和回报的,而这个视角让投资者无法看到表面上的短线效益。

7.Disney’ persona combined nostalgia for small-town American values with faith in the potential of modern science and technology to transform our lives.

迪斯尼个性中同时混合了美国小镇居民怀旧的价值观和对现代科技必将改变人类生活的信念。

8.The success of the film helped Disney promote the discipline of building a high performance business culture that would contribute to his company’s future triumphs.

这部电影的成功帮助迪士尼推动了建立高端企业文化的原则,对公司未来的成功起到了重要的作用。

9.Only through the talent,labour and the dedication of this staff could any Disney project get off the ground.

如果缺少了才华、劳动和员工的奉献精神,迪士尼的任何一个项目便都无法问世。

10.He knew that for intuition to mean anything it had to be implemented,and that this demanded a combination of stringent analysis and sheer hard work,backed up by the practical talents of the artists with whom he surrounded himself.

他知道要另直觉有意义,必须让它实现。而这需要一系列严密的分析及实打实的辛勤工作,同时需要他身边的那些艺术家的真正才华作为支撑。

Unit 5

1.The history of scientific discovery is peppered with breakthroughs that came about by accident.

科学发现的历史充满了各种偶然的突破。

2.But a side-effect of this awesome efficiency may be a shrinking, rather than an expansion, of our horizons, because we are less likely to come across things we are not in quest of.

但是这种惊人的效率的一个副作用就是我们的视界不但没有扩大,反而缩小了,因为我们和自己并没有在找的事物偶遇的机会变小了。

3.Twitter is better at leading us to the interests of people beyond our social circle, but our tendency to associate with others who think in similar ways —what sociologists call our “value homophily”—means most of us end up with a feed that feels like an extended dinner party.

推特我们很容易地接触到自己社交圈子以外的人,但是我们还是有倾向于与自己想法相似的人交往。社会学家称其为人类的“价值类聚”,这意味着我们中大多数所获得的信息流就如同参加了一个延时的晚宴。

4.Driven by the needs of advertisers keen to hit ever more tightly delineated targets, today’s internet plies us with “relevant” information and screens out the rest.

由于网络广告商努力根据需要个人喜好调整其服务,今天的互联网向我们强制灌输大量“相关”信息,把所有其它信息都屏蔽掉了。

5.To update the Rolling Stones, you can always get what you want. But you may not get what you need.

滚石的一句歌词可能需要改一改,你可以一直拥有你想要的,但是你想要的可能不是你所需要的。

6.The rise of 3-D printing — in which designs are downloaded from the Internet and manufactured on a smale scale — could herald the emergence of a new generation of producers, who will bring “an unprecedented variety to the products used in the developed world.”

3D打印机的兴起——通过互联网下载设计模型,小规模地生产出产品——预示着新一代生产者的出现,他们将“为发达国家带来空前多样化的产品”。

7.In the future envisioned by Schmidt and Cohen, new technologies and information systems will streamline mundane, everyday tasks: Imagine a refrigerator that automatically orders groceries, or a washing machine that cleans, dries, and folds laundry, before “algorithmically” recommending the optimal outfit based on the weather and day of the week.

在未来,新的技术和信息系统将简化日常杂务:想象一下冰箱可以自动调整物品放置位置,或者洗衣机可以先根据本周的天气情况,通过“算法”推理,为主人推荐本周最佳着装,然后再完成清洗、甩干、折叠的程序。,

8.On the global stage, the most significant impact of the emergence of the Internet will be the reallocation of power from states and institutions to individuals.

从全球范围来看,,互联网的崛起最重要的影响是权力的再分配,这种再分配体现在政府和机构到个人的再分配。

9.Unlike traditional media, in which reporters and editors place a premium on accuracy and context, Internet-based media allow anyone with a connection to publish inaccurate information, libel, or outright propaganda on a massive scale — frequently with few consequences to the author.

互联网不同于传统的媒体,传统的媒体记者和编辑将报道的准确性和背景放在首要的位置,而互联网则允许任何人都可以联网大肆发布不实信息,诽谤,或宣传——发布者通常无需承担任何后果。

10.Because technology permeates all of these areas, the next generation of experts, journalists, and policymakers will need to be well-versed in each, in order to understand how tec hnology, the catalytic driver of change in today’s world, is radically transforming industries, governments, and the age-old dynamic at the heart of political science: the relationship between the individual and the state.

由于技术已渗透到各个领域,新一代的专家、记者和政策的制定者必须精通各个领域的知识,方能理解科技在当今世界可能发挥的真正作用:技术,作为当今世界的催化剂,正极大地改变着工业、政府和处于政治学核心的古老的动态关系,即:个人和国家之间的关系。

Unit 6

1.My dictionary never became very large and after a while I turned to making a football scrapbook like most other children of my age, but for a few months I put some effort in attempt to outdo the Oxford English.

我的词典一直没办法变得很大,所以一段时间后我就跟我的同龄儿童一样转而编写足球剪贴簿。但有几个月,我努力想超过《牛津英语词典》。

2.When a word occurs in such phrases, they are either indicated in a dictionary entry or they have entries to themselves.

当词出现在这样的短语中时,它们要么在词典的条目中标出,要么单独列为词条。

3.I reworded them of course-even at the tender age of 12, I was intuitively aware of the danger of plagiarism-but I saw my role as one of collating the wisdom of previous lexicographers.

当然我进行了改写——甚至是在12 岁这么一个幼小的年龄,我从直觉上就意识到剽窃的危害。可是我只是起到了整理以前词典编纂家智慧的作用。

4.Now that all these new descriptive facts, including word frequencies, common patterns of collocation etc., are at our disposal, it is self-evident that they should be recorded in the dictionary to reflect accurately the state of the contemporary language.

既然所以这些新的统计数据已经在手,包括词频、常见词语搭配形式等,将他们收录在词典里准确地反映当代语言的状况也是理所当然的。

5.This means we are in better position than ever before to provide a description of English that reliably corresponds to the way that people speak and write the language.

这意味着我们现在处在比以往任何时候都更优越的地位,能够可靠地对英语进行描述,并与人们说或写这种语言的方式保持一致。

6.There were said to be something like two million of these slips already collected, tied together in rough order, no doubt covered in dust and lint, curled and yellow, and perhaps even crumbling themselves with age and decrepitude.

据说这些纸条研究收集了两百万条,粗略分类后捆在一起,不要说已经布满了飞尘。有的纸条已经卷曲发黄,有的因年久而破碎。

7.Our problem was that readers had never bothered to consider with much enthusiasm what might be called the ordinary words of the language-they had succumbed to an understandable temptation to send in slips for interesting words, but not for the prosaic ones. 问题之一是:志愿阅读者对于所谓“普通词语”的热情关注向来就不高;他们总是受到某种诱惑力的吸引,寄来一些令人感兴趣的词汇的引语,而不是日常词汇的引语。

8.Take special note of passages which show or simple that a word is either new and tentative, or needing explanation as obsolete and archaic, and which thus help to fix the date of its introduction or disuse.

有些段落要特别注意:它能显示一个词刚刚开始试用,或由于古老、过时而需要解释,这样的段落有助于确定那个词被引进或停止使用的时间。

9.One has to assume, if unkindly, that those living under the heel of firmly prescriptive linguistic authorities were a little unsure how prudent it might be to read for a book that would be so widely different in its constitution from those they were used to.

人们不禁会不太友善地猜测,这是由于坚持规定学语言学观点的权威学者的影响。在这些地方的人们也许囤于原来的习惯,对于为编写完全不同的词典进行文献阅读该如何审慎小心抱有一定的犹豫态度。

10.The sub-editors who did all these checking would pin together the slips that fed into each category of meaning and attach with the same pin a piece of paper that showed a first attempt at a definition of what the slips’quotations a ppeared to show the word to mean.

助理编辑把所有的核对做完后,用一根别针把属于同一类词义的纸条别在一起,并且根据引语所显示的词义,尝试写出定义的初稿,把初稿定义的纸条也别在这小捆纸条上。

Unit 7

1.Fourteen years of higher education and a handful of Ivy League degrees, and there I was, stiff and stupid, struck dumb by my own dumbness. “Ivy retardation,”a friend of mine calls this.

我十四年的大学教育和在几所常春藤大学工作的经历使得我傻乎乎站在那里,笨拙不堪,尴尬不已。有个朋友称这种现象为“常春藤错位”。

2.To consider that while some opportunities are being created, others are being cancelled and that while some abilities are being developed, others are being crippled is, within this context, not only outrageous, but inconceivable.

但是在这个背景下,如果认为它创造了一些机会,却丧失了其他机会,培养了有些能力,却其削弱了其他能力,不仅是大逆不道的而且是不可思议的。

3.There is nothing wrong with taking pride in one’s intellect or knowledge. There is something wrong with the smugness and self-congratulation that elite schools connive at from the moment the fat envelopes come in the mail.

对自己的智慧或者知识感到自豪没有任何不对的地方,问题出现在名牌大学录取通知书进入家门的时刻起,是名牌大学所纵容的沾沾自喜和自我吹捧。

4.Not the most abject academic failure, not the most heinous act of plagiarism, not eventhrea tening a fellow student with bodily harm—I've heard of all three—will get you expelled.

不管是最绝望的课程不及格,还是最可恶的抄袭劣行,甚至对其他同学的身体伤害的威胁等都不会被开除,这三种情况我都听说过。

5.Long before they got to college, they turned themselves into world-class hoop-jumpers and teacher-pleasers, getting A’s in every class no matter how boring they found the teacher or how pointless the subject, racking up eight or 10 extracurricular activities no matter what else they wanted to do with their time.

在他们进入大学之前很久就已经把自己变成了世界一流的俯首帖耳、讨好老师的小爬虫,在每门课上都得优秀成绩,不管他们觉得这个老师多么乏味,不管他觉得这门课多么没有意义。他们也尽力积累八到十个课外活动,不管多么想用这些时间做别的事情。

6.Certainly many neurotic boomer parents —and their stressed-out, resume-building teenagers —assume that it is always better to choose Harvard over Big State University because of Harvard’s presumably superior educational environment, better alumni connections, and more lucrative on-campus recruiting opportunities.

对于那些在生育高峰期出生,已为人父母的人和那些焦虑不安,整日忙于增加阅历、以使简历内容更加丰富的十几岁的孩子来说,选择哈佛大学当然比重点州立大学更好。大概因为哈佛有优越的教育环境,更好的校友圈子,以及更加诱人的校园招聘机会。

7.It’s true that big law firms, major teaching hospital, and investment banks—heck, even the offices of FORTUNE—are stuffed with Ivy Leaguers. It’s also true that if you want a career at what passes for the American establishment—Sullivan & Cromwell, McKinsey, Goldman Sachs — a gilt-edged diploma is a distinct advantage.

事实上,大型法律公司,主要示教医院和投资银行,甚至是财富杂志的办公室,满是常春藤学生。同样真实的是,如果你像要在下面这些美国企业(苏利文.克伦威尔律师事务所,麦肯锡,高盛投行)谋取一份职业的话,一个带金边的毕业证书将会使你处于有地位。

8.The advantages of Harvard, in other words, confer few benefits on the class slacker. Robert Zemsky,an education professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who believes a prestigious undergraduate degree does pay off, puts it in this way: “It’s like the brass ring on a merry-go-round. If you go to a high-priced, highly selective school, you have a better shot at the brass ring. But you have to grab it.”

换句话说,哈佛的优势在于不会给偷懒者带来太多的好处。罗伯特泽姆斯基,一位宾州大学的教育学教授,相信获得名牌大学的学士学位确实能胜利,他这样解释到:"它就像旋转木马上的铜环。如果你去学费昂贵,对学生精挑细选的名牌大学只是增加了击中铜环的机会。但更重要的是你还要能抓住它。

9.So listen up, high school seniors: Your life is not over if you end up at th e University of Oklahoma. In fact, if you want to be governor of Oklahom a when you grow up, you're probably better off graduating a Sooner.

因此留神听,中学高年级学生:即使你是从俄克拉何马大学毕业的,你的前途也不会就此终结。实际上,如果你想要在你长大后成为俄克拉何马州州长,那么抢先从俄客拉何马毕业,可能会使你成功的机会更大。

10.Most studies use future income, the favorite yardstick of those dead souls called economists. But knowing the cost-benefit ratio of a purchase is not the same as knowing its value.

大多数研究使用将来的收入,这是那些死亡的灵魂即所谓的经济学家最爱的标准。但是知道所购买的东西的成本收益率不等于知道它的价值。

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2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(跨考版) 文章来源于An Outline of American History,《美国历史纲要》,是一本历史学方面的专著。 46 We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. 【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句,第一个并列句主干是 We don’t have to learn ,how引导宾语从句做learn的宾语,第二个 并列句主干是it is built into us in the same way,that引导定 语从句修饰先行词way,that定语从句中主干是our bodies know,how引导宾语从句做know的宾语。 【参考译文】我们无需刻意去了解学习才能让心理更健康,它正 如我们的身体知道怎样让伤口愈合和修复骨折一样,是根植于我们体 内的/是我们与生俱来的水平。 47 Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant. 【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句, 第一个并列句主谓结构, 很简单,第二个并列句中,like the sun behind a cloud是状语, but 连接两个并列分句,包括短语be hidden from 和be capable of. 涉及被动语态的翻译方法。 【参考译文】我们的心理健康并不是真的消失不见,就像云朵背 后的太阳,它也许暂时被遮挡,但是它也能够在瞬间重焕光芒。 48 Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.

研究生英语课文翻译

Unit One 旅行通用语 1 数十年来,法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。几年前,由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感,该机构颁布了净化法语的法律,其内容甚至涉及专业术语。就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧,现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur;表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。此类例子不胜枚举,触及生活的方方面面。法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度,直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。哎,真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。 2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸),英语没有受到如此的保护。在美国,随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。“honour”普遍被写成“honor”,“night”也变成了“nite”。许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释,交流也变得有些困难。比如说,汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词);引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽);老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物);婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。显而易见,两国英语曾同出一源,而如今却将两国彼此隔离。当然了,按美国人的观点,是英国人的语言表达出了问题。 3 实际使用中,甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语,就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类,让我详例如下: 4 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历,我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录,上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution’——快速处死(毫无疑问,想表达的应是“送货及时”)。此外,东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。只希望没人会真的从字面上去理解。 5 我还可以补充一些多年周游世界时的亲身经历。例如,奥斯坦德的一家精品店正在宣扬其货品立意新颖,却用了“revolting new ideas”,即“令人作呕的立意”。孟买的几家糕饼屋也鼓吹自己是“No.1 loafers”,目口头号游手好闲者,可是其本意是要宣称自己的糕饼全市第一。 6 我并不知道基督教影响如此之广,直到我在香港看到一位牙医的宣传:“我们由最新的循道宗信徒拔牙”,这儿的“Methodists”(循道宗信徒)显然应改为“methods”,即“方法”。 7 恐怕没人能确定这些误用实际上是体现了英语的普及还是仅仅反映了局限于地方的习惯用法。但可以确定的是,海法医学会绝对应该阻止其会员挂这样的铜招牌:“妇女及其它疾病的专家”。 8 看来旅店对多语种告示颇为青睐,希望它们会有利于人们更好地使用现代化设施。没有它们,旅店就会显得沉闷而缺乏效率。然而,在布鲁塞尔的一家旅店中,这条电梯告示只会令毫无防范的房客更愿意爬楼梯:“使用电梯时,请按要去楼层的按钮。若更多人进入电梯,请分别按各自要去楼层的按钮。电梯会按楼层的字母顺序,依次送客。没复位的按钮显示着接收到的要去楼层的指令”。伊斯坦布尔的一则旅店告示则没这么复杂:“想要客房服务时,请开门喊叫‘客房服务’”。至少那儿的客人不用对付也许经常失灵的电子设备。 9 在土耳其,人们对于“直言不讳”的喜爱在一个已远近闻名的安卡拉导游册中得到了充分体现。导游册这样招揽顾客:“来我们餐馆吧,你会在欧洲救护车中享用中东风味美食”(显然这儿的救护车“ambulance”应为氛围“ambience”)。而另一家瑞士餐馆的菜单也同样吸引人:“我们的葡萄酒绝人他念”。(“our wines leave nothing to hope for'’一语双关,可本意显然是“我们的葡萄酒美味绝伦”)。 10在东欧,奥匈帝国时期的老牌大旅馆从未放弃过礼节。一则旅馆房间告示上写着“诚邀尊贵的客人在12点到14点之间占客房女服务员的便宜”(take advantage of t he chambermaids)。然而,这可能造成意外的交通阻塞。最近的一次莫斯科画展也未必能让偶尔光顾者欣然前往,根据其告示,“画展将展出俄罗斯艺术家的300幅作品,他们中的大部分人在过去十年中已被处死了”。 11 曼谷一家洗衣房的广告词邀请来访的顾客“留下你的衣服,尽情享受吧!”就像是鼓励人们在这座远东娱乐首府干些出格之事。

研究生英语翻译

Unit One 信息空间:出入随愿 美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质。我们渴求宽敞的场地,我们喜欢探索,喜欢制定规章制度,却不愿去遵守。在当今时代,却很难找到一块空间,可以供你任意驰骋,又不必担心影响你的邻居。 确实有这样一个空间,那就是信息空间。这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地,但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应有尽有,包括少年儿童、轻佻的单身汉、美籍匈牙利人、会计等。问题是他们都能和睦相处吗?人们是否会因为害怕孩子们躲在卧室里看网上的淫秽图片而将它封杀? 首先要解决的问题是,什么是信息空间。我们可以抛开高速公路、前沿新领域等比喻,把信息空间看作一个巨大的庄园。请记住,庄园是人们智慧的结晶,是合法的、人工营造的氛围,它建立在土地之上。在庄园里,公园和商业中心、红灯区与学校、教堂与杂货店都能区分开来。 你可以用同样的方法把信息空间想像为一个巨大的、无边无际的虚拟庄园。其中有些房产为私人拥有并已租出,有些是公共场所;有的场所适合儿童出入,而有些地方人们最好避开。不幸的是,正是这些应该避开的地方使得人们心向神往。这些地方教唆你如何制造炸弹、为你提供淫秽材料、告诉你如何窃取信用卡。所有这些使信息空间听起来像是一个十分肮脏的地方。正直的公民纷纷作出这样的结论:最好对它严加管理。 但是,在利用规章制度来反击下流之举之前,关键是从根本上理解信息空间的性质。恶棍并不能在信息空间抢走毫无提防之心的儿童;信息空间也不像一台巨大的电视机,向不情愿的观众播放令人作呕的节目。在信息空间这座庄园里,用户对他们所去之处、所见所闻、所做所为都要作出选择,一切都出于自愿。换句话说,信息空间是个出入自便的地方,实际上,信息空间里有很多可去之处。人们不能盲目上网,必须带着具体的目标上网。这意味着人们可以选择去哪个网址、看什么内容。不错,规章制度应该在群体内得以实施,但这些规章制度必须由信息空间内各个群体自己来制定,而不是由法庭或华盛顿的政客们来制定。 信息空间之所以具有如此大的诱惑力,正是因为它不同于商场、电视、公路或地球上的其他地方。那么,让我们来描述一下这个空间。 首先,信息空间里人与人之间可以进行电子邮件交流。这种交流类似于电话交谈,都是私人之间的、两相情愿的谈话,不需要任何规章制度加以限制。 其次,信息空间提供信息与娱乐服务。人们可以从中下载各种信息,从法律文件、“大型新饭店”名单,到游戏软件、下流图片,无奇不有。这里如同书店、商场和电影院,属购物区域。顾客必须通过索求或者登记来购物,物品(特别是淫秽之物)不会发送给那些没有索取的人。有些服务可以免费,或作为总服务费用的一部分计算,如“计算机服务”和“美国在线”就是如此。而有些服务要向顾客收费,而且可能会让顾客直接支付账单。 第三,信息空间里还有真正意义上的群体,那就是在内部互相交流思想的人群。从庄园的角度来看,这些群体就像酒吧、饭店或公共浴室。每个活跃的人都积极参与谈话,谈话一般通过邮件方式进行;而有的人也许只充当旁观者或旁听者。有些活动由专人监督,有些则像公告牌,任何人可以任意在上面张贴。很多活动起初都无人监督,但现在实行强制管理,用规章制度来扫除那些不受欢迎的广告、不相干的讨论或日渐粗鲁的成员。 信息空间里群体的演变过程正如陆地社会团体的演变过程,即情趣相投的人们聚在一起。信息空间里每一个团体都各具特色。总的来说,“计算机服务”上的团体一般由专业技术人员组成;“美国在线”上的团体一般为富有的独身者;“奇才”主要面向家庭。另外还有一些具有独到见解的服务机构,“共鸣”为其中之一,是纽约市中心一家时髦的服务机

研究生英语 翻译+答案

1.Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging , that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long , or that a particular point requires further explanation 听众的眼神足以表明,演说过于拖沓,演讲者在某一点上讲得太多,或者在某一点上还需要做进一步的解释。 2.But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people , but also religious beliefs , emotions , and psychology. 但是艺术史注意的不仅仅是这些,因为艺术不仅反映了一个民族的政治价值,也反应了他们的宗教信仰,感情和心理特点。 3.One widely held belief is that a sharp fright will end a troublesome bout of hiccups , but many people prefer just waiting for them to go away as this “cure” is often worse than the ailment itself . 一个普遍认同的观点是,猛然的惊吓会止住一阵讨厌的打嗝,但是很多人更愿意等待打嗝自然过去,因为这种“止隔得方法”往往比打嗝本身更加的糟糕。 4.That our environment had little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. 这种理论的核心是,我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话,也是微不足道的。 5.And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours , has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions , because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 敌人吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领战略要地,由于受到顽强抵抗,甚至还没有能占领外围地带,这一事实使我增强了信心。 6. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June , must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿,在十一月怀胎,五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿,这时,她必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量,这不仅是为了满足自身的需要,而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。 7.The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House. 在主要问及昨天选举结果的记者招待会上,总统说他无法解释为何共和党遭到如此惨痛的失败,这最终会使共和党丧失在众议院长期以来享有的优势。 8.The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 第二个方面是,社会上的一切成员,从政府部门中任公职的官员到普通公民,都应运用科学家们在科研工作中所采用的专门的思维方法和工作方法。 9.The method was largely developed by physicists , chemists and biologists ; it was later adopted by people working in such areas as education, psychology and sociology , where the subjects of research were often people. 这种方法在很大程度上先是由物理学家、化学家和生物学家使用,后来为在教育学、心理学和社会学等领域内工作的研究人员所采纳而发展起来的。

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