中国人民大学博士英语入学考试之改错题要点
人大考博英语备考复习误区及纠正措施-育明考博
人大考博英语备考复习误区及纠正措施在长期进行考博英语教学的过程中，育明考博英语教研室的老师们总结了大部分考博学生对英语学习的两大常见误解，并且给出了纠正措施，供大家参考，希望2015年考博的同学在复习英语的时候要密切注意，不要步入误区，耽误了复习的进度和效果。
总结起来，英语复习的常见误区有两个，如下阐述：误区一：只要掌握技巧，就可以应付考试。
纠正措施：总体而言，大部分考博学生的心态是比较浮躁的。
有些很早就开始准备，但是学习的劲头往往不能持续长久。
进入后半年，这些学生会变得焦躁，这时开始急寻各种所谓技巧、重点，并将其奉为必胜法宝，认为上了考场可以百战百胜。
但是，大家需要明白的是，技巧只是一种辅助答题的手段。
只有扎实的基础才是答题的关键，技巧只起到加大成功把握的作用。
这是同学们需要端正的态度之一。
从2009年的考题我们也可以看出，阅读部分的命题与往年有大的变化，只有在把文章彻底读明白的基础上，才能更准确地做对题目。
所以，从考博复习的第一天起，我们就应该端正心态，踏实学习，只有这样才能为最后的成功做充分的准备。
误区二：英语写作主要在于拿到一个考前模板，写作就可以过关。
纠正措施这里谈到一个“模板问题”。
对于模板，大致有这两种看法：一部分学生认为，模板不可用，因为考博评卷组有反模板策略;另一部分同学认为，模板是制胜武器，套进去就可以拿高分。
需要说明的是，这两种看法都不全对。
首先，评卷老师能够识别模板，是因为在大家的文章中模板的句子和自己写的句子出现严重两极分化，良莠不齐。
这样作文得分肯定会受影响。
另外，如果生搬硬套用模板，再次出现前面提到的那样的问题，那恐怕后果也不会很理想。
所以，我们对模板应该有一个正确的认识。
模板可以用，但是要看大家对模板的掌握程度。
主要提倡大家平时多做写作练习，把模板句变成自己的句子，如果自己写的句子和模板句水平相当，那模板句就不再是模板句，而内化成我们自己的语言了。
希望大家认真复习，掌握正确的复习方法，不要盲目地跟风，在复习过程中要经常与同学交流经验，以免步入复习误区，那就得不偿失了。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第5期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A product is to be regarded as being （）when introduced into the commerce of another country at less than its normal value.问题1选项A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped【答案】D【解析】上下文语义。
句意：一种产品以低于正常价值的价格进入另一国家的贸易时，被认为是。
根据语境可知，这里应填入与进出口货物相关的词汇。
dump指倾销，符合语境，选项D正确。
2.单选题The novel contains some marvelously revealing （） of rural life in the 19th century.问题1选项A.glancesB.glimpsesC.glaresD.gleams 【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。
glance扫视，强调动作的快速性；glimpse一瞥，粗略地一看，强调快速但不完整的“一瞥”；glare怒视，强调目不转睛地“注视”；gleam闪光，瞬息的一现，还可指情感流露。
根据句意可知，选项B更符合语境。
3.单选题Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.问题1选项A.intriguingB.exasperatingC.demonstrativeD.unprovoked【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。
根据句意可知，划线部分词应该为贬义，首先排除选项A和C；其次如果选B，这里应该指让人感到愤怒的，用-ed的形式，所以选项B不正确；选项D正确，指无缘无故的，符合语境。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第64期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题It goes without saying, then, that language is also a political instrument, means, and proof of power. It is the most vivid and crucial key to identity: it reveals the private identity, and connects one with, or divorces one from, the larger public, or communal identity. There have been, and are, times, and places, when to speak a certain language could be dangerous, even fatal. Or, one may speak the same language, but in such a way that one’s antecedents are revealed, or (one hopes) hidden. This is true in France, and is absolutely true in England: The range (and reign) of accents on that damp little island make England coherent for the English and totally incomprehensible for everyone else. To open your mouth in England is (if I may use black English) to “put your business in the street”: You have confessed your parents, your youth, your school, your salary, your self-esteem, and, alas, your future.【答案】不言而喻，语言也是一种政治工具、手段和力量的象征。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：53
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.问题1选项A.confirmB.achieveC.matchD.exaggerate【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。
根据句意可知，这里指任何故事或普通生活都无法与之相匹敌。
选项C与划线部分意思最为接近。
2.写作题Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection”.【答案】The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection3.单选题When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be （） .问题1选项mencedpressedpromisedpensated【答案】B【解析】commenced开始；compressed压缩；compromised妥协；compensated补偿。
句意：当某一空间的空气被挤压以占据更小的空间时，我们说空气被压缩了。
选项B符合句意。
4.翻译题中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。
世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。
我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：90
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our children’s college and our own retirement security is chilling.问题1选项A.frighteningB.promisingC.freezingD.revealing【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。
chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐惧的。
选项A与之意思相近，正确。
2.单选题问题1选项A.sent upB.sent offC.sent outD.sent in 【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。
send up使上升；send off寄出，派遣；send out发送；send in递送，呈报。
根据句意可知，这里指“递交辞呈”，所以选项D符合句意。
3.翻译题Physicists all over the world, back in 1895, were pretty much agreeing that the great work of physics had all been done. Some of them mourned publicly that no discoveries of truly major importance were likely to be made in the future. But then they did not know that a Professor Roentgen, working alone in a modest laboratory in Germany, had begun a series of experiments with a crude induction coil, a pear-shaped bulb from which the air had been removed, and a sheet of paper painted with certain metallic salts. And Professor Roentgen did not know that his work was destined to reveal a force of nature—never before suspected—that would almost overnight revolutionize medicine and technology, and become a instrument for deeper probing of the structure of matter.【答案】在1895年，全世界的物理学家普遍认为所有有关物理的伟大研究都已经完成了，他们中的有些人甚至公开宣称将来不可能再出现真正有意义的重大发现了。
博士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧
博士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解题型及答题技巧2011年01月11日星期二 9:29 P.M.一、事实细节题1．命题规律1）列举处指的是first…,second,…third…等并列关系词出现的部分2）举例和打比方的地方常考3）指示代词出现处常考4）引用人物论断处常考5）特殊标点符号后的内容常考。
破折号，括号，冒号，引号2 答题技巧1）针对例子、引言、特殊符号，要对号入座2）针对某一段的内容提问3）选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案，而同义词替换的一般是答案4）选项中较具体和肤浅地表达了字面意思地一般不是答案，而概括性地、抽象、含义深刻地是答案项5）选项内容与其他三项有较大差别的，可能为答案6）答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案7）选项中符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，属于普遍现象的往往是答案8）细节干扰项特点：与原句内容相反与原文内容一般相同一半不同与原句内容相似但过于绝对化原文没有提到二、判断词汇和短语的意义题1 命题规律1）含有指示代词的句中常有被考察词汇2）具体环境中具有指代上下文语义功能的词汇3）一词多义的常见词4）对比处常考5）复杂句常考2 应试技巧1）看所考词汇与全篇文章主题的关系，关系相近符合主题的是答案2）通过连接词关系判断被考词汇含义–And 表接近和递进–Or 表示相反或进一步解释和说明3）选项含义与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案4）利用被考词的修饰、限定成分判断其含义5）定冠词the+被考词汇，前句有解6）选项内容全面、概括性强的一般是答案三、推理判断题1 命题规律1）综合性推论和判断题常会围绕文章出题，归纳篇首、篇尾及段落中的主题句2）合性推论和判断题还可围绕文章若干段落进行，要求推论和判断段落间的关系只是局部信息，或是一句没有展开的化，或是某一段的内容概括范围太宽无关信息五、观点态度题1 命题规律1）涉及文章中心思想处易考2）作者提出观点处易考3）语义转折和强对比处易考4）文章中有复杂句、特殊句型处易考2 应试技巧1）辨别文体议论文中心句说明文中立描述性文找暗示性短语和词汇2）分析段落大意，分析文章走向3）区分不同的观点注意直接引语和间接引语In my view, in my opinion, personally, I think, I hold4 )分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词褒义词positive, supporting,praising,optimistic,admiring, interesting,humorous, serious, enthusiastic,pleasant, polite, concerned, sober贬义词Disgusted, critical, negative, suspicious,tolerant, worried, pessimistic, depressed,disappointed, ironic, sarcastic, bitter,cynical, sentimental, emotional, angry,passive消极的被动的中性词Indifferent, impassive, uninterested,ambivalent, neutral, impersonal, subjective,objective, informative, impartial, apathetic文体鉴别词Formal, informal, casual。
1p-66p中国人民大学2001-2008年博士研究生入学考试英语样题参考答案与解析
中国人民大学2001-2008年博士研究生入学考试英语样题参考答案与解析真题7（2001）1. B2. B3. A4. C5. A6. B7. A8. D9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. C 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. D 43. D 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. C 51. B 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. B 56. A 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. A2002 试题详解Ⅰ(略）Ⅱ1. B 句意：他似乎不太愿意用他的军队去阻止起义的农民。
rebellious反叛的，反抗的；animated活泼的，生动的；creased有折痕的；impassive冷漠的。
2. D 句意：该公司将信守协议，不论这一过程的代价有多大。
adhere坚持，与to构成常用词组；retain保持，保留；alter改变；abandon放弃，遗弃。
3. B 句意：街角上的药店出售aspirins和处方penicillin。
dispose处理；dispense分配，分发；disperse（使）分散，（使）分开；dispatch分派，派遣。
4. A invariably不变的，总是；imperatively命令式地；transiently短暂地；deceptively 迷惑地，虚伪地。
5. D 句意：这一地区的房子都是按照建房规定建盖的。
obedience服从，顺从；in obedience of遵守，依照；compliance依从，in compliance of符合，依据；defiance挑衅，蔑视；alliance联盟，联合。
中国人民大学考博英语分析与备考指导
中国人民大学考博英语分析与备考指导人大考博英语的词汇题部分共40道题，每道题0.5分，共20分。
要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组，考题中出现的词汇、词组、短语等都是重要的备考知识点。
这部分主要测试考生掌握的词汇量，是否具备根据上下文对词和词组意义进行判断的能力以及对语法的应用能力。
从人大考博英语词汇题整体来看，考查的重点都放在了词汇量、词义辨析、词组搭配上，语法知识的考查不多。
下面将介绍人大考博英语词汇部分的几种主要出题手段和实例分析。
1. 考查词组例2008. 5. The supervisor his explanation when his fault was pointed out by some talented young students.A. stumbled overB. got overC. dashed toD. gave out这类题出现频率很高，要求考生对动词词组进行辨析2. 考查同形词同形词辨析主要是指有相同的前缀、词根或后缀的词汇进行辨析。
例2008. 7. ’It’s probably just stress." How many times have you uttered those words toyourself to a headache, pain or illness?A. dismissB. disposeC. dispelD. disrupt这类题出现频率很高，要求考生对记忆过程中容易混淆的同形词进行辨析。
3. 考查近义词例2008. 6. it is evident that no one, no matter how much they is immunity from the effect of advertising.A. refuseB. reflectC. proclaimD. protest这种题型出现频率很高，要求考生对意义相近的单词进行辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：12
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The encouraging factor is that the （）majority of people find the idea of change acceptable.问题1选项A.numerousB.vastC.mostD.massive【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。
the vast majority of指“绝大部分，绝大多数”。
选项B正确。
2.单选题Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife（） for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.问题1选项A.conservationB.maintenanceC.storageD.reserve 【答案】D【解析】固定用法。
wildlife reserve指野生动物保护区。
所以选项D正确。
3.单选题The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.问题1选项A.illegalB.night-timeC.brutalD.abusive【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。
根据dark clothing和blacked up faces以及nickname可推断，nocturnal 指夜间的，选项B与之意思相近，正确。
4.单选题A product is to be regarded as being （）when introduced into the commerce of another country at less than its normal value.问题1选项A.dischargedB.discardedC.disposedD.dumped【答案】D【解析】上下文语义。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第100期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.问题1选项A.depictB.advocateC.criticizeD.analyze【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。
句意：他声称，如今的广告倾向于将女性塑造成做饭或照顾孩子等传统角色。
选项A与划线部分意思最为接近。
2.单选题Our journey was slow because the train stopped （）at different villages.问题1选项A.graduallyB.continuouslyC.constantlyD.continually 【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。
gradually逐渐地；continuously连续不断地；constantly不断地，时常地；continually不断地，频繁地。
句意：我们的旅行很慢，因为火车频繁地在不同的村庄停靠。
选项D更符合语境。
3.单选题Tom Jones, who（） around the world, will come to Asia next month.问题1选项A.will be touringB.have touredC.had been touringD.has been touring【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，这里是已经开始并持续进行的动作，所以应该用现在完成进行时。
选项D正确。
4.单选题All workers, regardless of their sex and education, are required to （）at the age of 60. 问题1选项A.resignB.retireC.regainD.retain【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。
博士入学考试通用考博英语改错精讲课程讲义
改错精讲课程▪考查形式找错+改错找错（句子/文章）▪错误类型（宏观）You may have to change a word,add a word,or just delete a word.▪错误类型（微观）▪【1】形式（举例）介词搭配名词的单复数动词的单复数、时态、语态、逻辑关系从句的引导词同根异性之间的误用▪【2】内容虽然语法无错误，但与文章及句子所表达意思有偏差。
▪C---基础知识讲解（语法）▪S---历年经典真题讲解（技巧）▪亮鉴语法体系WHATWHENHOW▪WHAT ---逻辑单词—词组—句子—句群—文章（段落）词法搭配句法▪词法名词动词形容词副词数词冠词介词连词▪句法简单句---不简单的简单句复合句并列句非正常句（倒装、强调等）▪WHEN---时态▪HOW---语态2010年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part Five: Proofreading (10%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether l0 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answers on the Answer Sheet (2).Examples:e. g. 1 (59) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (59) begun beganeg. 2 (60) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (60) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3 (6 1) Never will Ⅰnot do it again.Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (61) not(59)Three Google executives were convicted Wednesday of violating Italian privacy laws ina ruling that the company denounced as an "astonishing" attack at freedom of expression on the Internet.(60)The case involves online videos showing an autistic boy being bullied with classmates in Turin, which were posted in 2006 on Google Video, an online video-sharing service that Google ran before its acquisition of YouTube.(61)Prosecutors charged that the videos violated Italian personal private protections.(62)They said the clips were moved only after complaints from Vivi Down. an Italian organization representing people with Down syndrome, whose name was mentioned in the videos.(63)"We are definitely satisfied that someone has to take responsibility for this violating of privacy, " said Guido Camera, a lawyer for Vivi Down,(64)Google said it planned to appeal, warned that the verdicts raised serious questions about the viability of user-generated content platforms like YouTube in Italy and potentially elsewhere in Europe.(65)"If company employee like me can be held criminally liable for any video on a hosting platform. (66)when they had absolute nothing to do with the video in question, (67)then our liability is limited, " said one of the three executives, Peter Fleischer, Google's chief privacy counsel.(68)"The decision today therefore raises broader questions as the continued operation of many Internet platforms that are the essential foundations of freedom of expression in the digital age, " he said in a statement.Video-sharing services like Google Video and YouTube generally rely on users to notify them of potentially problematic content, which is then taken down if it violates the terms of service.2009年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(66) High unemployment rates, especial among young workers, have led to protests in countries as varied as Latvia, Chile, Greece, Bulgaria and Iceland and contributed to strikes in Britain and France.(67) Last month, the government of Iceland, that economy is expected to contract 10 percent this year, collapsed and (68) the prime minister moved up national elections after weeks of protests by Icelanders angering by soaring unemployment and rising prices.Just last week, the new United States director of national intelligence, Dennis C. Blair, told Congress that (69) instability caused by the global economical crisis had become the biggest security threat facing the United States, outpacing terrorism.(70) In emerging economies like those in Eastern Europe, there are fears that growing joblessness might encourage a move from free-market, pro-Western policies, (71) while in developed countries unemployment could bolster efforts to protect local industries in the expense of global trade.(72) Indeed, some European stimulus packages, as well one passed Friday in the United States, include protections for domestic companies, increasing the likelihood of protectionist trade battles.(73) Protectionist measures were an intense matter of discussion as finance minister from the Group of 7 economies met this weekend in Rome.(74) While the number of jobs in the United States have been falling since the end of 2007. the pace of layoffs in Europe, Asia and the developing world has caught up only recently (75) ascompanies that resisted deep cuts in the past follow the lead of their American counterparts.2008年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(66) A longtime aide to President Bush who wrote occasional guest columns for his hometown newspaper resigned on Friday evening after admitted that he had repeatedly plagiarized from other writers. (67) The White House called his actions unaccepted. (68)The aide. Tim Goeglein, worked for Mr. Bush since 2001, as a liaison to social and religious conservatives, an important component of the president's political base. (69) Mr. Goeglein was influential in decisions on a range of question important to that constituency, including stem cell research, abortion and faith-based initiatives. A blogger in Mr. Goeglein's hometown, Fort Wayne, Ind. Found the plagiarism. (70) "This is not acceptable, and we are being disappointed in Tim's actions, " a White House spokeswoman, Emily Lawrimore, said Friday morning, hours before Mr. Goeglein resigned. (71) "He is offered no excuses, and he agrees it was wrong.‖ (72) Mr. Goeglein, 44, is small known outside Washington. (73) He is a familiar figure to conservatives and evangelical Christians, who knew him as a spokesman for Gary L. Bauer. The conservative who ran as president in 2000. (74) When Mr. Bauer dropped out the race, Mr. Goeglein signed on with Mr. Bush, eventually becoming a top aide to Karl Rove, the chief political strategist. (75) He was the eyes and ears of the White House in the world of religion conservatives and an emissary to that world for Mr. Rove and the president.2007年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(66) Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $28 billion—a 9. 4 percent jump from 2005.(67) There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who fared best. (68) Stanford’s $911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future.(69) "There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to inves t,‖said Martin Shell, Stanford’s vice president for development. (70)"This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends. "(71) Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $595 million.(72) National, donations from alumni rose 18.3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education. (73) Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education.(74) Giving from other groups, such as corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts.(75) Survey director Ann Kaplan said the strong economics played a role, but universities also were asking more aggressively as part of formal fund-raising campaigns.2006年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(66) Application files are piled highly this month in colleges across the country.(67)Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendation letters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.(68) But anything is missing from many applications: a class ranking, once a major component in admissions decisions.In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigious colleges and universities, (69) thousands of high schools have simply stopped providing that information, concluding itcould harm the chances of their very better, but not best, students.(70) Canny college officials, in turn, have found a tactical way to response. (71) Using broad data that high schools often provide, like a distribution of grade averages for entire senior class, they essentially recreate an applican t’s class rank.(72) The process has left them exasperating.(73) "If we’r e looking at your son or daughter and you want us to know that they are among the best in their school, with a rank we don’t necessarily know that.‖said Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.(74) Admissions directors say strategy can backfire. When high schools do not provide enough general information to recreate the class rank calculation, (75) many admissions directors say they have little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give more weight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.2005年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(86) Each day, 50, 000 shiny, fire-engine-red Gala apples work the way through a sprawling factory, in Swedesboro, N. J. (87) Inside, 26 machines wash them, core them, peel them, seed them, slice them, chill them. At the end of the line, (88) they are dunked in a solution of calcium ascorbate and now deposited into little green bags featuring a jogging Ronald McDonald. From there, (89)the bags make their way in refrigerated trucks to refrigerated containers in distribution centers, and then to thousand of McDonal d’s restaurants up and down the Eastern Seaboard. (90) No more than 14 days before leaving the plant, the fruit will take the place of French fries in some child’s Happy Meal.The apple slices, called Apple Dippers, are a symbol of how McDonald’s is trying to offer healthier food to its customers (91) and to answer the many critics who contend that most of its menu is poor nutritional quality. (92)McDonald’s has also not introduced a variety of "premium’ salads, which will soon be joined by a salad of grapes, walnuts and, of course, apples.(93) Yet it still remains to be seen these new offerings will assuage the concerns of public health officials and other critics of McDonald’s highly processed fat-and calorie-laden sandwiches, drinks and fries. (94) So far, however, they have not—at least not have entirely. But this much is already clear: just as its staple meals of burger and fries have made McDonald’s the largest Single buyer of beef and potatoes in the country, (95) its new focus on fresh fruits and vegetables is making the company a minor player in $80 billion American produce industry.2004年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题(86) Homes could start been connected to the Internet through electrical outlets. (87) In this way, consumers and business may find easier to make cheaper telephone calls under new rules that the Federal Communications Commission began preparing on Thursday. (88) Taking together, the new rules could profoundly affect the architecture of the Internet and the services it provides.(89) They also have enormous implications for consumers, the telephone and energy industries, equipment manufacturers. Michael K. Powell, the F. C. C. chairman, and his two Republican colleagues on the five-member commission said that (90) a 4-to-1 vote on Thursday to allow a small company providing computer-to-computer phone connections to operate in different rules from ordinary phone companies, would ultimately transform the telecommunications industry and the Internet. (91) "This is a reflecting of the commission’s commitment to bring tomorrow’s technology to consumers today, " said Mr. Powell. He added that (92)the rules governing the new phone services sought to make them as wide available as e-mail, (93) and possibly much less expensive than traditional phones, and given their lower regulatory costs. At the same time, (94)once while the rules allowing delivery of the Internet through power lines are completed, (95) companies could provide consumers with the ability to plug their modems directly into wall sockets, just like they do with a toaster, or a desk lamp.注：95题老师在总结时才讲。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第20期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U. N. sanction.问题1选项A.alliesB.delegatesC.votersD.juries【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。
electorate的前缀为elect-（选-），可以推测出electorate意为“选民”，所以选项C正确。
2.单选题For the last 20 years or so the subject of global warming has（）heated debate among the world’s brightest minds.问题1选项A.spawnedB.injectedC.modeledD.moved【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。
句意：在过去20年左右的时间里，全球变暖这个话题在全球最聪明的头脑中引发了激烈的辩论。
只有选项A有引起的意思，所以正确。
3.单选题Tony has not the least （） of giving up his research work.问题1选项A.intentionB.interestC.wishD.desire【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。
句意：Tony丝毫没有放弃其研究工作的打算。
选项A符合语境。
4.单选题The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.问题1选项A.illegalB.night-timeC.brutalD.abusive【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第50期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.问题1选项A.trustworthyB.intelligentC.diligentD.meticulous【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。
scrupulous指小心谨慎的。
trustworthy 可靠的，可信赖的；intelligent聪明的；diligent用功的，费尽心思的；meticulous小心翼翼的。
选项D与划线部分意思最为接近。
2.单选题The（） of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from all over the country.问题1选项A.clashB.clarifyC.clarityD.clatter 【答案】C【解析】clash冲突；clarify澄清，阐明；clarity清澈，透明；clatter哗啦声，嘈杂声。
句意：清澈的泉水吸引了许多来自全国各地的游客。
选项C符合句意。
3.单选题Not until the 1980s（） in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.问题1选项A.some concerned citizensB.some concerning citizensC.did some concerning citizensD.did some concerned citizens【答案】D【解析】Not until位于句首应使用倒装。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第84期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Globalization is a phenomenon and a revolution. It is sweeping the world with increasing speed and changing the global landscape into something new and different. Yet, like all such trends, its meaning, development, and impact puzzle many. We talk about globalization and experience its effects, but few of us really understand the forces that are at work in the global political economy.When people use their cell phones, log onto the Internet, view events from around the world on live television, and experience varying cultures in their own backyards, they begin to believe that this process of globalization is a good thing that will bring a variety of new and sophisticated changes to people’s lives. Many aspects of this technological revolution bring fun, eas e, and sophistication to people’s daily lives. Yet the anti-World Trade Organization (WTO) protests in Seattle, Washington in 1999 and Washington, D. C. in 2000 are graphic illustrations of the fact that not everyone believes that globalization is a good thing. Many Americans who have felt left out of the global economic boom, as well as Latin Americans, Africans, and Asians who feel that their job skills and abilities are being exploited by multinational corporations (MNCs) in a global division of labor, believe that this system does not meet their needs. Local cultures that believe that Wal-Mart and McDonald’s bringing cultural change and harm rather than inexpensive products and convenience criticize the process. In this way, globalization, like all revolutionary forces, polarizes people, alters the fabric of their lives, and creates rifts within and between people. Many in the West, along with the prominent and elite among MNCs, educators, and policymakers, seem to have embraced globalization. They argue that it helps to streamline economic systems, disciplines labor and management, brings forth new technologies and ideas, and fuels economic growth. They point to the relative prosperity of many Western countries and argue that this is proof of globalizatio n’s positive effects. They see little of the problems the critics identify. In fact, those who recognize some structural problems in the system argue that despite these issues, globalization is like across the developing world, view globalization as an economic and cultural wave that tears at the fabric of centuries-old societies. They see jobs emerging disappearing in a matter of months, people moving across the landscape in record numbers, elites amassing huge fortunes while local cultures and traditions are swept away, and local youth being seduced by promises of American material wealth and distanced from their own cultural roots. These critics look past the allure of globalization and focus on the disquieting impact of rapid and system-wide change.The irony of such a far-ranging and rapid historical process such as globalization is that both proponents and critics may be right. The realities of globalization are both intriguing and alarming. As technology and the global infrastructure expand, ideas, methods, and services are developed and disseminated to greater and greater numbers of people. As a result, societies and values are altered, some for the better and others for the worse. 1.The author complains that（） .2.The anti-world Trade Organization protests indicate that（） .3.Like all revolutionary forces, the process of globalization（） .4.Proponents of globalization sing its praises on the basis of（） .5.To critics, the worst thing that globalization has brought to us is（） . 问题1选项A.few of us have a clear idea about the forces behind global political economyB.globalization is now sweeping the world with increasing speedC.we are puzzled by the true meaning of globalizationD.too many people use cell phones to log onto the Internet问题2选项A.many people feel that they have been left outB.the process of globalization brings more than fun, ease and entertainmentC.not everyone is convinced that globalization is a good thingD.the end of globalization has become more graphic问题3选项A.brings inexpensive productsB.creates disagreements between peopleC.leads to cultural change and harmD.artifices the lives of people问题4选项A.new technologies and ideasB.changing economic systems and managementC.relative prosperity of Western countriesD.this inevitable tide of history问题5选项A.the promises of American material wealthB.the rapid change in social systemC.the disappearance of local cultures and traditionsD.the constant movement of people across the landscape【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句“but few of us really understand the forces that are at work in the global political economy.”但很少有人真正了解在全球政治经济中起作用的力量。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第1期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题If you want to do well on the exam, you（） on the directions that the professor gives and take exact notes.问题1选项A.will have concentratedB.have to concentrateC.will be concentratedD.will be concentrating【答案】B【解析】本句整体时态为一般现在时，所以不用虚拟语气。
选项B正确。
2.单选题Everyone in America these days seems to be（）with his or her physical fitness, and everyone is talking about getting in shape.问题1选项A.concernedB.alluredC.connectedD.attracted 【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。
be concerned with指涉及，关心。
根据句意可知这里指如今的美国人关心自己的健康，选项A符合句意。
3.写作题Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “My Understanding of Globalization”.【答案】My Understanding of Globalization4.单选题All workers, regardless of their sex and education, are required to （）at the age of 60. 问题1选项A.resignB.retireC.regainD.retain【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第7期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to （） that it was a car.问题1选项A.ensureB.examineC.verifyD.testify【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。
句意：飞机发现了这个地点，并盘旋着靠近，以证实这是一辆汽车。
verify指证明，证实；testify指作证。
选项C更符合语境。
2.单选题The encouraging factor is that the （）majority of people find the idea of change acceptable. 问题1选项A.numerousB.vastC.mostD.massive 【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。
the vast majority of指“绝大部分，绝大多数”。
选项B正确。
3.单选题Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.“On e man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.”Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4, 800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.1.According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to （）.2.Adam Smith saw that the division of labor （）.3.Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to （）.4.According to the writer, Adam Smith’s mistake was in believing that division of labor （） .5.Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage?问题1选项A.take advantage of the division of laborB.introduce the division of labor into EnglandC.understand the effects of the division of laborD.explain the causes of the division of labor问题2选项A.enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaplyB.increased the possible output per workerC.increased the number of people employed in factoriesD.improved the quality of pins produced问题3选项A.show the advantages of the division of laborB.show the advantages of the old craft systemC.emphasize how powerful the individual worker wasD.emphasize the importance of increased production问题4选项A.was an efficient way of organizing workB.was an important development in methods of productionC.certainly led to economic developmentD.increased the production of existing goods问题5选项A.Adam Smith, the English EconomistB.The Theory of Division of LaborC.Division of Labor, an Efficient Way of Organizing WorkD.Adam Smith, the Last Discoverer of Division of Labor【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。
中国人民大学考博英语第一阶段复习备考方案及真题分析
1. 近三年真题题型、分值分布
词汇与结 构
阅读理解
翻译
写作
2008年
20分（40 30分（5篇
题）
30题）
20分（英译 30分（小 汉与汉译英 作文10分 各10分） ；大作文
20分）
2007年
20分（40 30分（5篇
题）
30题）
20分（英译 30分（小 汉与汉译英 作文10分 各10分） ；大作文
A.disclosed C.exhibited
B.exposed D.revealed
5.The government has provided the capital library with heavy ____ to keep it one of the largest in the world.
b. 语法：学员在听完词汇课程之后，可以用一周的时间将语法专 项训练课程听完。
c. 阅读：拓展知识面，多接触不同领域的文章，建议每天读一篇 英文原版文章，可以从一些国外新闻网站上来找或者是一些 英文的书刊，杂志，多关注社会热点。
中国人民大学考博英语词汇专项训练 1.Developing countries should adopt labour-intensive technologies to ____ their comparative advantage of abundant labour.
e
B.exploit
华慧考博—考博第一品牌 华慧网
第2页共4页
C.employ
D.explore
2.The sudden demise of Britain's oldest investment bank ____ global markets.
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第16期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The news commentator says that the argument the speaker has presented does not（） water. 问题1选项A.haveB.containC.includeD.hold【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。
hold water意为“站得住脚，合情合理，说得通”。
这里指演讲者提出的论点说不通。
选项D正确。
2.翻译题中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。
世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。
我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。
在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。
【答案】Practically as the most attractive market in the world, China has drawn the attention of worldwide entrepreneurs whose acute insight led to wealthy benefits from their investment.I believe that there will be more opportunities for foreign people to take part in the investment in China in the wake of its WTO entry and expand their space for further development. These activities will certainly serve as the bridge linking together the entrepreneurs around the world and their target Chinese market in the hope of promoting mutual development and prosperity for Chinese and the world economy.3.单选题The （）emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.问题1选项A.negligentB.edibleC.fabulousD.disproportionate【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第25期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.问题1选项A.secret planB.bold attackC.clever designD.joint effort【答案】A【解析】形+名词组辨析。
conspiracy指阴谋。
secret plan秘密计划；bold attack大胆的攻击；clever design聪明的设计，为褒义词，不符合语境；joint effort共同努力。
选项A更符合语境，所以正确。
2.单选题Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress（）for the occasion.问题1选项A.has been cleanedB.should have been cleanedC.is being cleanedD.has been cleaning 【答案】A【解析】句意：老板今晚要带大家去看芭蕾舞剧，我得确保我的新衣服洗干净了。
根据句意可知这里应用现在完成时，首先排除选项C；选项B表示本应该洗却没有洗，不符合语境；衣服是被洗，用被动语态，所以选项A正确。
3.单选题Television has become quite a vigorous activity. Sitting up is exhausting so most people（）down while watching television.问题1选项yB.lieC.lyingD.lied【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析。
根据句意可知这里应填入动词且意为“躺”, 首先排除选项A和C；句子时态为一般现在时,所以选项B正确。
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人大博士英语入学考试改错题常考点一、代词代词中主要讲解六个问题(一) 掌握代词的几种格主格、宾格、所有格名词前面用代词来修饰，只能用所有格（my books）(二) 反身代词当主语和宾语表示同一事物时，宾语使用反身代词。
He killed himself. （他自杀了）He killed him. （他杀了他）例：Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigatingA Ba series of indicators that could helpCthemselves to predict earthquakes.D分析：D 错，应改为them。
如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。
从句意来看，help 的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。
注意C 并没有错，情态动词could 比can 语气弱，表示较小的可能性。
Indicator 为征兆，这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。
主语是征兆，后面指研究者，不是同一个事物(三) 代词的单复数，代词的性别在考试中如果代词打横线，代词错误的概率是非常高的，因此代词打横线，应该先看代词有没有错。
例：The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockiesthat divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into theA B C DPacific.分析：D 错，应改为those。
D 指代复数名词waters, it 是单数，显然是错误的，根据习惯故改为those。
注意waters 一词并没有错，它指江湖河海中的大片水域，可用复数形式。
Water 作为水是不可数名词，waters 表示水域，通常使用复数形式，作主语谓语动词用复数。
Work 作为工作是不可数名词，work 作为作品，可数不可数都可以，例如：Many of his works= much of his work, work 都表示作品例：In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coinedAthe word“normalcy”to express social andBeconomic conditions they promised the nation.C D分析：D 错，应改为he。
动作promised 是由Warren Harding 发出来的，故用第三人称单数he 来指代。
例：Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most importantAwork is not poetry, but his biography, JohnB CKeats, published the year of her death.D分析：C 错，应改为her。
his 指男性，显然是错误的，应改为her 与后面的her 同指Amy Lowell.(四) Who 和which 的区别which 指代事物或者动物，who 指代人who/whom son 往往要改为whose son, whose 可以指代事物例：The human body contains more than six hundred muscles whoA Baccount for approximately forty percent of the body weight.C D分析：B 错，应改为which 或that。
先行词不是指人，而是指物，关系代词不能用who,故改为which 或that。
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例，解释说明(五) that 和which 的区别介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that 除外例：When television was first introduced, the extent to that itA Bwould affect society could not have been foreseen.C D分析：B 错，应改为which。
The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句)，影响社会的程度没有被预见(六) 定语从句的特殊省略Reason 后面有定语从句，中间往往省略why,Time 后面有定语从句，中间往往省略whenI do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.way 后面有定语从句，中间省略了in which例：Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainlyA Breason people take medicine is to relieve pain.C D分析：B 错，应改为main。
mainly 为副词，不能个饰后面的名词，故改为形容词main。
句子中people take medicine 修饰reason，定语从句引导词被省略例：Commercial expansion from city to suburb hasaffected the way people in the United States----.(A) living and working(B) they live and work(C) live and work(D) to live and to work分析：选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。
二、介词介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分，而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。
由于篇幅问题，我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题，在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配，这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过，只不过有的时候是正确的选项，有的时候重复考。
(一) 介词搭配例：The teeth in the upper jaw function together thoseA B Cin the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food.D分析：和…一起，应该为together with，C 错例：The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal.A B C D分析：B 错改为be rich in例：The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to theA B Calternation of periods of light and darkness.D分析：C 错，应改为responsible for。
形容词responsible 后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。
(二) 最重要的两个介词1、介词of 多余或者遗漏例：Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water.A B C D分析：D 错，应改为top of stagnant。
on top of …是因定表达法，意为“在…上面”。
例：Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who hasA Bstarred in stage, television, and film productions onCboth sides the Atlantic Ocean.D分析：D 错，应改为sides of the。
sides 为名词，the Atlantic Ocean 也是名词，中间明显少了一个介词。
2、介词by一种情况表示被动，be+过去分词+by另一种表示通过……的方式，by doing例：The ceremony of marriage in the United StatesA Bcan be performed from a justice of the peace.C D分析：D 错，应改为performed by。
谓语动词是被动式，performed 的动作执行者应该由介词by 来引导。
例：Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councilsAcould veto a declaration of war at refusing toB C Dsupply moccasins and field rations.分析：D 错，应改为by refusing。
通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食，表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。
例：Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned withAoperations on sets of numbers or other elementsB Cthat are often represented at symbols.D分析：D 错，应改为by。
动作的发出者应该用介词by 来引导。
三、谓语动词(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致①、主谓分割原则例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,AAmerica's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.B C D分析：C 错，应改为symbolizes。
主语谓语用逗号分割开，主语the bald eagle 为单数，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。
②、与后者一致原则not…but, 强调but 后面的名词，not only…but also③、与前者一致原则名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词，谓语用is,中心词在前面，谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致例：The athlete, together with his coach andA B Cseveral relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.D分析：D 错，与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致，改为is④、就近原则or, either…or, neither…nor,单数名词+or+复数名词+are如果把句子变为一般疑问句，也就是把be 动词提到前面，那么变为is所以注意一点：如果是陈述句，靠后面近，用复数如果是疑问句，靠前面近，用单数例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans areA Bamazingly complex for single-celled animals.C D分析：A 错，应改为and。