2017-2018上海市崇明中学高三上英语期中考试试卷

上海市崇明中学2017学年第一学期中考试试卷

高三英语

组卷人叶乃明钟晓谊

（满分140 分，考试时间120分钟）

第Ⅰ卷

I. Listening Comprehension

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

It’s time to go out for a run!

As little as five minutes of running or jogging each day can help people reduce their risk of premature death by nearly one-third and extend their lives by about three years, according to a U.S. study.

The researchers tracked the exercise habits of over 55,000 adults in the United States for six to twenty-two years. About 24 percent of the adults described themselves (21)_____ runners. Compared to those who didn’t run, those who did were 30 percent (22)_____(likely) to die of any cause during the course of the study. These figures (23)_____(adjust) to take into account people’s smoking and drinking habits, how old they were (24)_____ they enrolled in the study, their family’s health history and their other ex ercise habits.

The researchers divided up the roughly 13,000 runners into five groups (25)_____(base) on how many minutes they ran per week. Those (26)_____ were in the lowest group ran up to 50 minutes over a seven-day period, and those in the highest group ran for more than 175 minutes over the course of a week. According to the study, the benefits of running were pretty much the same for all runners.

“Running even at lower doses or slower speeds was associated with significant benefits,” the researchers wrote in their report. (27)_____(reduce) the risk of premature death, they calculated, all it took was 30 to 59 minutes of running per week.

“This finding has clinical and public health importance,” the report continues. “Time is one of the strongest barriers to (28)_____(participate) in physical activity. This study may motivate more people to start running. People who (29)_____ hardly devote 20 minutes to moderate physical activity each day may appreciate the efficiency of a five-minute run.” However, it is not clear (30)_____ the findings of this study would apply to the nation as a whole.

Section B

Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

In the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to 31 the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news.

According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important 32 of Einstein’s theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly.

As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einstein’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n)33 “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum (电磁光谱) to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go 34 . But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.

“Gravitational waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the 35 to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed 36 of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.”

However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational 37 of a star---so how did both of these black holes become so massive

This question touches on one of the biggest mysterious 38 black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass(恒星质量)” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, 39 an extremely bright light. And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-massive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are 40 rare, throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt.

One t hing is clear, however. This is the first time that we’ve acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger. So it’s good to know we’re on the right track.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

When buying a smart phone, I keep my criteria simple. If the device can handle WeChat, phone calls and ___41___ the Internet, I purchase it. I f it’s over 1,000 yuan, I ___42___ it. This approach to acquiring smartphones ___43___for me as I keep my needs basic. Aside from saving myself money, I may have also saved myself from some wounds or burns had I chosen a flawed phone. In recent news, things have been ___44___ for Samsung-literally.

Samsung's most recent innovation is called the Note7. Sadly, it was discontinued only 38 days after being made ___45___ for consumption. At first, a few customers complained that their phones caught fire while being ___46___. Samsung, being responsible, launched an investigation to ___47___ the cases. They issued a global recall on September 1, but it was taken merely as a suggestion and not seen as ___48___. Yet, earlier this month, the tech giant gave a stronger message to worldwide customers, saying all owners must stop using their Note 7s immediately.

Commercial forces encourage tech companies to push the envelope and produce new products every few months. Sometimes, a conflict of interests can occur. The greed for innovation has a funny way of causing ___49___ for the basics- like safety-and the Note7's situation is just one example of this. The device ___50___ all kinds of cool features, including a super-high-resolution camera, an iris scanner and an especially powerful ___51___. Ideally, manufacturers should consider all relevant aspects when creating new commodities. Samsung has both the money and technical know-how to prevent such negligence. The Note7's ___52___ was most likely rushed in order to make more profit, which ___53___ having the opposite effect. Time will tell how much this oversight will cost with respect to Samsung' fame and future.

___54___, it' s safe to assume that Samsung could eventually come back over the horizon and restore its reputation as a manufacturer of excellent smartphones if its new models have no major flaw. In an industry largely run by Apple and Samsung, intense competitions will only bring more benefit to consumers. If Apple were to become the only ___55___ company, we would be left with few options for top-of-the-line phones.

41. A. surf B. access C. launch D. process

42.A. buy B. desire C. recommend D. abandon

43.A. works B. checks C. helps D. adapts

44.A. growing up B. bringing up C. blowing up D. digging up

45.A. accessible B. responsible C. affordable D. available

46.A. locked B. broadcast C. charged D. carried

47.A. look over B. look through C. look up D. look into

48.A. aggressive B. desperate C. anxious D. urgent

49.A. neglect B. need C. demand D. application

50.A. causes B. boasts C. defines D. forbids

51.A. battery B. screen C. chip D. frame

52.A. campaign B. promotion C. invention D. release

53.A. ended up B. served for C. acted out D. turned over

54.A. Consequently B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Nevertheless

55.A. flexible B. ambitious C. dominant D. feasible

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Every April I am troubled by the same concern -- that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. "Just wait," a neighbor advised. "You'll wake up one morning and spring will just be here."

And look, on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward.

Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree's dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned（未经修剪的）abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple.

Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to,

but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens.

My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak."You're not cutting it down, are you?" she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. "Don't kill it, now," he warned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people's names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn't help recalling Robert Frost's words: The trees that have it in their pent-up buds

To darken nature and be summer woods

One thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, "We need to prune that apple tree again."

56. B y saying that “my spirits ebb” (Para. 1), the author means that _________________.

A.he feels relieved

B. he feels blue

C. he is surprised

D. he is tired

57. The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _________________.

A. be regarded as a delight in the neighborhood

B. have been abandoned by its original owner

C. have been neglected by everyone in the community

D. be appealing only to the author

58. InPara. 4, “neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches” probably because ___________________________.

A.they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the tree

B.they wanted to prevent the author from pruning the tree

C.they were concerned about the safety of the tree

D.they wanted to get to know the author

59. It can be inferred that the author’s neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _______________.

A.when spring would arrive

B. how to pass the long winter

C. the neighborhood gathering

D. the pruning of the apple tree

(B)

60. Which is one of the characteristics of Mount CookNational Park?

A. It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach.

B. It provides star-shining night skies for visitors.

C. It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities.

D. It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea.

61. Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ________ the most exciting.

A. Mountaineering on Elie de Beaumont

B. Mountain walks via Hooker Valley Track

C. Skiing on Tasman Glacier

D. Climbing Mount Cook

62. If you are a visitor to the park, you should ________．

A. properly evaluate your own experience and skill

B. get your permit prepared before you start to climb

C. hire local guides to help you to train for climbing

D. avoid exploring glaciers in winter

(C)

How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions.

In many ways, our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same horrible consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival, and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing wealth, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the majority are from multiple-earner, relatively well-off families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market problems.

Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or long-time unemployment frequently interact to weaken the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times that unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment totals, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and non-cash transfers does not necessarily mean that

those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.

As a result of such conflicting evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be counteracted(抵消）by job creation and economic stimulation. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.

63. In Paragra ph 2, the author contrasts the 1930’s with the present in order to show that_____________.

A. more people were unemployed in the 1930’s

B. unemployment is more intolerable today

C. social programs are more in need now

D. income level has increased since t he 1930’s

64.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.A majority of low-wage workers receive earnings from more than one job.

B.Repetition of short-term unemployment mainly contributes to people’s loss of working capacity.

C. Many unemployed people are from families where other members are working.

D. Labor market hardship is understated because fewer individuals are jobless than counted.

65.It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of income transfers is often not felt by _________________.

A. those doing a low-paid, part-time job

B. children in single-earner families

C. workers who have just retired

D. full-time workers who become unemployed

66. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?

A. What causes labor market problems that result in suffering.

B. Why income statistics are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.

C. When poverty, employment, and earnings figures agree with each other.

D. How statistics give an unclear picture of the labor-market-related suffering.

Section C

Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

The Tower and the Glory

A large man jumps onto my shoulders. He is quickly

followed by another slightly smaller man who catches my belt

and moves up. Another follows. Then I begin to move slowly

from one side to another dangerously.

A castellis a human tower built traditionally in festivalsin

Spain. The activity of making human towers began almost 200 years ago near Tarragona, just south of Barcelona. ___67___.It has become an annual event in some areas of the country. Usually it is considered a success once all castellers have climbed into theirappointed places.On November 16, 2010, castells were declared to be one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

Building a good human tower takes team work and skills.It is a formation of several people in which two or more people support a level of higher people, who in turn may support other higher levels of people. Each person is wound into a long narrow piece of cloth worn around the waistto help other people hold tightly when they climb.Typically, the number of the people in each level is one greater than the level immediately above it, resulting in a triangular structure.___68___

At first I’d like to go on top to enjoy the glory, but the club’s president indicated a little girl who looked as though she had been raised on the top. It was she who had pride of place on top of the tower. For my first try-out I was given the role of second hands.Once I had assumed my position, people began to climb up me to the tower without warning. ___69___ My hard work must have been appreciated because I was quickly promoted to support the bottoms of the first level of the tower.

My performance in the “hands”section was obviously satisfactory. ___70___ I was really proud of that, since it was a clear gesture that I had been fully accepted.

A. Within seconds I assisted in the formation of a three-level tower.

B. Each team is famous forits tallest and most complex tower of people.

C. Once a tower is built, try and see if the group can hold it for a count of 30.

D. Since then it’s been popular, with groups competing to build higher structures.

E. Before long I was called forward and given the great honor of the President’s Belt.

F. I hoped to change my position because I knew that this activity required particular skills.

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Learn from mistakes

The best way to learn something is to make mistakes first. Thomas Edison, who invented the light bulb, told his colleagues:” Of the 200 light bulbs that didn’t work, every failure told me something I was able to incorporate into the next attempt.” Benjamin Franklin, the US statesman and scientist once said: “ I haven’t failed. I have had 10,000 ideas that didn’t work.”

Both these people understood that failures and false starts are the condition of success. In fact, a surprising number of everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding. Post-it-notes, packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions. In 2600 BC, a tired Egyptian slave invented bread when the dough rose during his sleep . And crips were first cooked by a chief in the USA when a customer complained that his fried potatoes were not thin enough.

In 1958 Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong adhesive when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead. His colleague, Art Fry , decided to use it six years later, in 1974, to hold his bookmarks in his books and the post-it note was invented.

Successful businesspeople have often made big , expensive mistakes in their past. When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $600,000, Thomos Watson, the chairman, was asked if he would fire the man.” “ Of course not,” he replied. “ I have just spent $600,000 training him. I am not going to let another company benefit from experience.”

The important thing to remember is that you need to learn from your mistakes. If you don’t ,then there is no sense in making them.”

第Ⅱ卷（共40分）

I. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1. 没过多久，失主就来认领他的行李了。(claim)

2. MOOC越来越流行，但学习者需要自律才能有所收获。(take)

3.各国领导人不仅就气候变化达成了共识，还强调了经济全球化、技术进步的重要性。(Not only)

4.网站上的报道引起了公众对弱势群体的关心,但真正重要的是怎样才能阻止这样的悲剧再次上演。(matter)

II. Guided Writing

Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

美国某高中提出德商由六大要素组成，你认为哪个要素是最重要的？请你以生活中发生的事为例说明理由。

参考答案：

21. as 22. less likely 23. were adjusted 24. when 25. based

26. who 27. To reduce 28. participating 29. can 30. whether 31-35 GHFDI 36-40 KCBJA

41-55BDACD CDDAB ADADC

56-59 BACC

60-62 BDA

63-66 DCAD

67. D 68. C 69. A 70. E

summary writing(参考答案)

The best way to learn something is to make mistakes first（要点1）. And failures and false starts are the condition of success. In fact, lots of everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake （要点2）.Besides, Successful businesspeople have often made big , expensive mistakes in their past（要点3）. All in all, The important thing is that you need to learn from your mistakes.

1. It was not long beforethe owner of the lost property came to claim his luggage.

句型1分1分1分

2. MOOC is becoming increasingly/ more and more popular,

1分

-- but it takes learners self-disciplineto achieve something.

-- but it takesself-discipline for learners toachieve something.

take句型1分0.5分0.5分3. Not only did leaders from different countriesagree on climate change

句型1分0.5分

but (also) they (also)emphasized/ placed emphasis on the importance of

句型1分0.5分

economic globalization and technological advances.

4.The reports on the websites have caused the public concernabout the disadvantaged,

0.5分1分0.5分butwhat really matters is how toprevent such tragedies(as this) from happening again.

1分1分0.5分0.5分

0.5分0.5分