七年级介词详细讲解与练习题

初一介词讲解及练习

介词：

介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分

介词短语能够充当句子成分

介词短语= 介词+介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）

根据词形，介词分为三类：1简单介词：in, on, from, at, for

合成介词：upon, into, onto, inside, without

成语介词：由两个以上单词合成。in front of, in the middle of, on top of

一、常用固定搭配的介词短语形式

1.动词+ 介词look like; look at; talk to; think of

2.be + 形容词+ 介词be surprised at; be afraid of

3.be + 名词+ 介词be mad at sb; the key to; the way to

4.介词+ 名词at work; at home; at school; at last; on the

farm

5.介词+ 名词+ 介词in front of; at the age of; at the end

of

6.介词+ 动名词短语after leaving school; after finishing it

7.介词+ 代词for her; from each other; after him

8.其他词+ 介词instead of; because of; according to

举例：1. She looks like her mother.

2. Your coat looks very nice. What’s it made of?

3. Would you please show me the way to the bank?

4. My father is working at the office.

5. Don’t stand in front of the car. It’s too dangerous.

6. Please tide your schoolbag before leaving school.

7. It is dangerous for her to swim along.

8. What a nice day! We should go sightseeing instead of watching TV in the hotel.

常用介词用法：

in 的用法：

1. in on at 的用法区别：

in表示一日中上午、下午、晚上或周、月、季、年

on表示日、周日或特定某日中的一段时间

at表示点钟，一日中的黎明、中午、黄昏、半夜等

in the evening, in the week, in August, in spring, in 2013, in three days

on Monday, on May the first, on a rainy day, on July 10, 2013

at five, at night,

2. in into inside的用法区别；

He spent about 21 hours in space.

China sent a man into space.

Yang Liwei was inside.

in 的用法比较多，在这里只讲这三个有共同的意识：‘在...里’的区别in 在上面句子里是介词，表示‘在...里’

into 强调由外及的过程，而in不强调

inside ‘在...里面’，有名词，介词，形容词，副词用法，在上面句子里是名词，而in 不能表示这种意识

3. in与after的用法区别；

We went there in six days. (过去时中in表....时间)

We went there after six days. (过去时中after表....时间后)

We often do our homework after school. (固定词组, after class; after supper等)

After finishing his homework, he went to bed. ( after+动名词)

He will come in two days. (将来时中in表....时间后)

He will come within two days. (将来时within表....时间)

My mother often goes to work after 8 o’clock. (现在时中after+时间点表....时间后)

4. in ,on 在…上

on 表示两个物体的接触，但不表深度，如墙上的黑板、地图、图画

in 表示在…上必须具有某种深度，如墙上的门、窗、洞等

on 打在某人的头上、腿上、鼻子上等

in 打在某人的（脸上、腹部等）

on the tree 树上长出的东西

in the tree 用来指外界的人、动物在树上

5. in with 的用法：

in 后所用的材料in ink; in pencil; Don’t write a letter in pencil.

with 后加所用的工具He does his homework with a pencil.

6. in dress wear

The girl in the hat is my friend. (in或be in表状态)

She had on a red dress. (have on表状态)

He often wears a sweater. (wear表状态)

Here is a coat for you. You’d better put it on. (put on表动作) She got up and dressed herself quickly. (dress sb或dress oneself既表动作又表状态)

7. in time 和on time 的区别

We were just in time for the bus. 及时

The train arrived on time. 准时

8. in bed, on the bed的区别

He is ill. He is in bed all day. 卧床，睡觉

A nice box is on the bed. 床上躺着休息或某物在床上

9. in on to 的区别

China is in the east of the world.(in表示在某一地区之的某方位) Korea is on the east of China. (on表示与某地相邻)

Japan is to the east of China. (to表示在某一地区之外的某方位).

Taiwan is in the south of China.（和大陆虽然以海相隔，但是我国的一个省，要用in）

10. in the street 和on the street的用法

表示“在街上”时，英国常用前者，美国常用后者

11. in hospital in the hospital

She is in hospital. 在住院

She is in the hospital. 在医院工作

12. in school 在学习

at school 在学校；在上课

其他词组：

keep in mind 牢记

be in contact with和…联系

with的用法：

用…工具

write with a pen

cut with knife

fill with

see with our eyes

表示伴随状态

with a word

with a smile

bring sth with sb

take sth with sb

固定搭配：

with the help of

be busy with

重点句：

After the final exam, Peter,with her parents, is going to travel to Canada instead of staying at home all the time.

by 的用法：

by 表示“到…之前”

by seven o’clock by now by the end of last year

by yesterday by then

By tomorrow, I’ll have the outstanding (出售) five percent. 到了明天，我将得到未出售的百分之五。

by表示“乘…交通工具，用…方式或方法”

by bus by heart by sea by train

by car by ship by boat by air

by oneself by the way

on, by 用法：

on a bike; on与the, one’s, 或a这类限定词连用

by bike; by train不加限定词

by, beside, near, beyond的用法区别：

by 靠近，在…近旁