2018年天津高考英语：巧解高考完型 (1)

2018年天津高考英语：巧解高考完型

众所周知，完形填空往往是同学们在考试当中失分最多、提分最慢也是最没把握的一个题型。这也令我们大部分的高三考生头疼不已。今天，我们就来帮助大家好好分析一下这个“障碍”，下文会给大家一些实用的解题小建议，已起到“敲砖引玉”的作用。

从命题规律上说，高考完形填空遵循“文章内容体现生活化”和“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，综合考查考生的语言知识与能力。体裁多以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主。

未来高考完形填空题将更加侧重于考查语境，而实词能较好地体现语境。因此，动词、名词、形容词和副词的运用将会是完形填空考查的重中之重。

一、考情分析

命题规律：高考完形填空遵循“文章内容体现生活化”和“以实词为主、虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”的名词原则，综合考查考生的语言知识与能力。

命题趋势：未来高考完形填空题将更加侧重于考查语境，而实词能较好地体现语境。因此，动词、名词、形容词和副词的运用将会是完形填空考查的重中之重。

二、真题统计

三、解题步骤

1. 通读原文——抓中心，理逻辑，懂大意

第一遍读文章时不要做题，而是跳过空格，通读试题所给的要填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。在读第一遍时要注意先读懂文章的首句和末句，因为这两句往往是没有被挖空的句子。它们往往是全文的关键句，是文章的“窗口”和“指南”，可作为解题的突破口。通过读文章

的首句一般可判断文章的体裁、人物、时间、事件和事态等。文章的最后一句或最后一段，往往是故事发展的结果，所陈述的事件的结论、启示性的提示，或是对全篇文章的概括。因此，先读一读末句对理解文章是很有帮助的。

①首句：一般不设空——画一个中心词（人/事/物）

首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对短文主体、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握主题句，对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。

（2016天津）The journey my daughter Cathy has had with swimming is as long as it is beautiful.

②带空阅读且简单空可以填——固定搭配，语感，简单推断

（2016课标全国Ⅲ）Just before September, Miller was struck b a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from 4 _____.

A. school

③尾句/尾段——确认自己对于文章中心的把握

（2015天津）My fiance (未婚夫) and I were excited about shopping for our first home.

That’s how we found our home and how I learned that when people are ____, they are not strangers, only friends we haven’t met yet.

2.精读+做题——解题技巧

①语境信息解题法——（两类提示+三大原则）

提示信息的种类：词，句子......

提示信息的位置：上文，下文，紧邻，较远（牢记原则和放一放原则）完形填空最主要的特点就是语境，即上下文。所以语境便是我们做题最重要的法门。完形填空中，有80%-90%的空都可以在上下文中找到提示信息，所以我们在做题的过程中，一定要注意该空的前后文。这些提示信息可能是一个词，句子，事件或者“and”“but”连词。它们可能就在该空的上一句或下一句，也可能在距离该空比较远的地方。对于提示词比较远的时候，我们有两种选择：①先猜，然后通过后文的提示进行确认；②先放一放，找到提示信息再返回做题。

提示信息的种类：

a.有时候，设空的提示信息就是与之相关的一个词，通过这个词，我们可以从四个选项中排除出正确的答案。

（2016天津）Cathy suffered some terrible 16____ in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment, she 17____became healthy.

16.A. failure B. pressure C. loss D. Illness

It was the greatest 34_____ of my daughter’s life. With all she had been 35______ in her ten years, this was the hour of true triumph(成功).

34.A. discovery B. choice C. influence D. Moment

（2016北京）How could the medicine get to Nome? The town’s 4____ was already full of ice, so it couldn’t come by ship.

4.

b.提示信息是一个句子：

有时候我们的提示信息是一个句子，比如冒号或破折号之后的解释说明或者说话内容或者从句。

1.（2016天津）There were moments of 28_____ of course: often she would be the last swimmer in the race.

28.A. frustration B. delight C. excitement D. surprise

2.（2016四川）By the end of the first chapter, 16____ were coming from the back seat:“Please read a little 17____.”

16.

3.（2015天津）The next day, we got a 27____ message that another buyer had offered

a much higher price.

27.A. relaxing B. disappointing C. pleasant D. Regular

c.牢记原则

（2016课标全国Ⅲ）That season, I ____ all of Miller’s records while he ____ the home games from the bench. We went 10-1and I was named most valuable player, ____ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s ____.

...

His words freed me from my bad ____.

d.放一放原则

（2015课标Ⅱ）He looks around at ____. He stops when ___- someone with no gloves. He gives them a pair and then he ____, looking for more people with cold ____.

A.cars numbers lights

（2014陕西）_____ was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. ...

____ we were walking towards the scene, Tenyson become very _____ about what had happened to the elderly couple.

A. Her husband

B. My son

C. The crowd

D. The seller e.整句读原则

（2015天津）But our funds were ____, none of the houses in our prices range seemed satisfactory.

②复现解题法

这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现形式。这种题型主要考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。

（2016天津）From that day on, Cathy k ept swimming and didn’t ___ a single practice. She had a ___ intention within herself to be the best she could be. My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes, into this ___ human being with a passion and mission.

A.rich

（2015陕西）Dad had a green comb. He bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would hand me his ____ and say, “good girl, help Daddy clean it, OK?”...

... When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you help me ___ my comb?” I looked at him for a while, then ___ the comb and beaded to the sink.

A.bag

（2016四川）“No, it’s too long and it doesn’t have any _______,”complained L ainey. “Oh, that’s where you are ____; there are lots of pictures. Every page is full of pictures; you just have to read the words to ____ them. It’s like magic.”

A. Pictures

③固定搭配、习惯用法解题法

习惯用法是英语中固定的结构,是不能随意改的.平时学习中应注意积累及掌握好习惯用法.同时,应多注意词语辨析及词语搭配,要培养在特定语境中灵活运用词语的能力. 对于这类型的考查，要求学生平时多积累并且牢记。

（2013天津）From dawn to dusk,he works countless hours to 31_____ our family.

（2015课标2）It 17_____ me that playing against the other team was a great ____ moment for all the girls on the team.

（2015陕西）Two years later, Dad started his own 6___, which wasn’t doing so well.

④逻辑关系解题法

逻辑关系是一篇文章行文的主要线索，同时也是我们解题的一个主要线索。准确把握句与句之间，段与段之间的逻辑关系对于选择正确答案起着至关重要的作用。这种逻辑关系主要包含并列、递进、因果和转折等。

a.时间关系:“before、after、later、as、when”等;

（2015湖北）He 5_____ as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.

5. in down away up

b.因果关系:“because、for、since 、as so 、therefore、thus”等;

（2015湖北）He added that Jason 17____ money because he would not tell a lie.

17.

c. 转折关系:“but 、however、nevertheless、on the contrary”等’

1.（2015天津）It was also much more than we could afford, but far 26_____ than the original asking price.

26.A. worse B. better C. less D. higher

2.（2015陕西）I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and 16_____ placed his comb on his wallet. But this time, I noticed something 17____. Dad had aged.

17.

d. 并列关系:“and 、and also、or 、neither?nor??、either??or??、not only??but also??、as well、similarly、in the same way、that is to say”等

（2015北京）But he said that they were all 5_____ people and he couldn’t imagine any of them had done that.

5.

e. 让步关系:“although、though、even though、even if、no matter+疑问词”等

f. 条件关系:“if、only if、if only”等.

（2016天津）33___ skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.”

33.A. Although B. Since C. Once D. Because

⑤利用生活常识和文化背景解题法

高考完形填空题的命题形式均为独立的语篇形式，并交织和渗透着各类相关的常识和文化背景知识。因此，当我们无法从文中找到提示信息或者从语言层面无法找到出口时，利用生活常识是我们解决该种题型的主要策略。

（2015课标Ⅰ）My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend! On the way, we spotted a a man holding a piece of paper that said, “1 ____ my job. Family to Feed.”

1. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished

（2015北京）That night, the two of them 1_____ side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.

1.

3. 带入检查

真题演练：

（以2016高考天津为例）The journey my daughter Cathy has had with her swimming is as long as it is beautiful...