高中高考英语语法专题——专题12冠词优选.docx
1.(2017 ·全国卷Ⅰ， 65)As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
答案： a as a result是固定搭配，意为“结果”，强调某种
原因产生的结果。
2.(2017 ·全国卷Ⅱ， 64)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.
答案： the此处特指“顶部”，故用定冠词the 。
￡6,500 a
3.(2017 ·全国卷Ⅲ， 62)Instead, she is earning
day as ________ model in New York.
答案： a句意：相反，她在纽约做模特每天收入6,500英镑。model 是可数名词，在此表示泛指，且读音以辅音音素开头，故用不
定冠词 a。
4.(2016 ·全国卷Ⅱ， 48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,exercising, or doing
something you enjoy.
答案： a for a while“一会儿”，固定搭配。
5.(2016 ·全国卷Ⅱ，短文改错)In that case, we will learn
little about ________ world.
答案： the句意：那样的话，我们将会对这个世界了解甚少。world 属于表示世上独一无二的事物的名词，其前应用定冠词。
6.(2016 ·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读A)In 1931, Addamsbecame ________
first American woman to win theNobel Peace Prize.
答案： the序数词前面加定冠词the 。
7.(2016 ·浙江高考， 2)________ prize for the winner of the competition is ________ two-week holiday in Paris.
答案： The; a句意：这次比赛的获胜者奖是去巴黎为期两周的
休假。第一空，“比赛的获胜者奖”为特指，故应用定冠词the ；第二空，泛指“一次两周的休假”，故应用定冠词a。
8.(2016 ·北京高考，完形 )It was ________ cold January in
1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of
the world due to heavy snow.
答案：a句意：这是阿拉斯加北部1925 年一个十分寒冷的一月份。这个小镇因一场大雪而与外界隔绝。表示星期、月份的名词前一
般不用冠词，但如果其前面有形容词修饰时则需用不定冠词，泛指某个星期几或某月份。
9.(2015 ·重庆高考， 3)I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.
答案： the; a句意：我刚刚听说Dora 工作的银行被一个持枪
蒙面歹徒抢劫了。第一空为特指，表示“Dora 工作的那家银行”；第二空为泛指，表示“一个持枪蒙面歹徒”。
10.(2015 ·江苏高考， 33) —Whydidn't you invite John to your birthday party ？
—Well, you know he's ________ wet blanket.
答案： a句意：——你为什么不邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会？
——唉，你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人。固定搭配a wet blanket意为“令人扫兴的人或物，煞风景者”，不定冠词表示泛指。
一、不定冠词的用法
1.泛指同类人或物中的任何一个，相当于 any。
A horse has four legs.
2.泛指同类中的某一个人或某物。
Her father is an English teacher.
I need an iPhone.
3. 泛指不确定的某一个，相当于 a certain。
A Mr Lee is waiting for you at the school gate.
4. 表示“一”或“每一”，相当于one 或者 every 。
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
They have 13 classes a week.
5.用在意义具体化的抽象名词和物质名词之前。
What you do with it will make you a success or failure. If
you can give her a surprise every time you meet her, it will be a plus for you.
6.表示独一无二的名词前有形容词修饰时，其前需用不定冠词。
a rising sun一轮冉冉升起的太阳
a full moon一轮满月
a peaceful world一个和平的世界
7.表示季节、星期、三餐名称的名词前有形容词修饰时，其前需
用不定冠词。
a cold winter一个寒冷的冬季
a rainy Monday一个阴雨绵绵的星期一
a delicious supper一顿美味晚餐
8.用在序数词前表示“再一”，“又一”。
She thanked him a second time.
注意：下句中“ a first He is a top student
”表示“第一名、冠军”。
in our class, and he often gets a first
in maths.
9.用于某些固定词组中
二、定冠词的用法
1．表示类别
(1)用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物。
The horse is a useful animal.
(2)用在一些形容词前表示一类人或事物。
the poor穷人，the rich富人，the old老年人， the young 年轻人， the new 新手， the sick病人， the dead死人， the deaf 聋子，the blind盲人，the wound伤者，the weak弱者， the strong强者，the good好人；善良，the true真理，the right 正义
(3)用在有些关于国家和民族的形容词前，泛指这个国家和民族
的全体人员。( 这些形容词是以-sh, -ch, -ese结尾的 ) 。
the Irish爱尔兰人，the Welsh 威尔士人，the English英格兰人，the French法国人， the Chinese 中国人， the Japanese 日本人
2．表示特指
(1)特指上文已提到过的人或物。
The teacher told us a story. The story is very interesting.
(2)特指说话双方都知道或能意会到的人或物。
Please send the papers to the teacher.
Open the window, please.
(3)用在带有后置定语的名词前，表示特定的人或物。
The man who wrote the novel is a famous writer.
Pass me the dictionary on the desk.
Who is the girl you just said hello to?
(4)用在比较级前，特指两个被比较的人或物中的一个。
He is the taller of the two children in his family.
3．其他用法
(1)表示世界上独一无二的事物。
Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth, or the moon?
(2)用在序数词、形容词最高级前。
September is the ninth month of the year.
Spring is the best season of the year here.
注意：副词最高级前可以用定冠词，也可以不用。
(3)用在表示方向或方位的名前。
Go straight, and turn to the left at the second crossing.
The sky is turning bright in the east.
(4)用在演奏的西洋器名称前。
Would you like to play the piano or the violin?
(5)用在姓氏复数前，表示全家人，或夫。
The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table.
(6)用于固定构“ ＋ sb. ＋介＋ the ＋身体部位名称”
中。
She hit him in the face then ran away.
The stone hit him right on the nose.
She patted the dog on the head.
(7)用在由普通名构成的国家、党派等有名前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群的名前。
the United States美国
the Communist Party of China中国共党
the Changjiang River江
the Rocky Mountains落基山脉
(8)用于一些固定搭配中。
at the age of在??
at the beginning of在??的开始
at the foot of在??的脚下
at the mercy of任凭??的布(而无力保自己)
in the distance在
in the distant future在遥的将来
in the end 最后；于
on the one hand ..., on the other hand ...一方面??另一方面??
on (the) top of在??上
on the phone在里
on (the) air正在广播 / 播放
on the contrary正相反
break the law法
form the habit of养成??的
in the habit of有??的
三、不用冠的情况
1．有名、物名、抽象名、人名、地名等名前，一
般不加冠。
Air, water and light are all matter.
2．可数名前有物主代、指示代、名所有格等限制，
不加冠。
This dictionary is mine.
3．季、月份、星期、日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加
冠。
Have you had breakfast?
Spring is the best season of the year.
4．称呼语或指家庭雇用的nurse, cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。
What's this, Father?
We made him our chairman.
Ask nurse to put the child to bed.
Professor Li.
5．用在学科名称、比赛的球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。
Do you study physics?
He likes playing football/chess.
6．复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。
They are peasants/workers.
7．与 by 连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。
by car, by bus，by bike, by train, by air/water/land
但需注意： take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/bus
8．某些固定词组中不用冠词。
(1)名词词组中：
husband and wife丈夫和妻子
brother and sister兄弟和姐妹
body and soul身体和灵魂
day and night白天和黑夜
knife and fork刀和叉
(2)介词词组中：
on board在船上；在飞机上；在火车上
on business公事；出公差
on condition that条件是??；只要
on doing sth.一??就??
on duty班；日
on earth在世界上；到底；究竟
on fire着火
on foot步行；走路
on hold等着通；置；推
on holiday休假；度假
on show 示；展示
注意：在有些中，有无冠含不同。
9．as 引的步状从句中，作表的名不冠。
Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.
10．系 turn( 作“ 成；成”解 ) 后作表的数可数名前不用冠。
The young girl has turned writer.
＝T he young girl has become a writer.
11．在“ 数名＋ after ＋数名” ( “一个接一个” ) 的构中，数可数名前不加冠。
She did experiment after experiment.
似的有： shop after shop, mistake after mistake
12．形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。
(1)当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词
前通常不用定冠词。
She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.
(2)形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。
A wolf in a sheep's skin is our most dangerous enemy.
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．For Pahlsson, its return was ________ wonder.
答案： a由上下文语境可知，对于Pahlsson 来说，戒指的归来是个奇迹。抽象名词表示具体意义需用不定冠词。
2．Copenhagen became ________ capital of Denmark in 1445.
答案： the名词后面有后置定语of Denmark ，可知需用定冠词表示特指。
3．Although they may not find a new best friend, they learn how to interact and work as ________ team, something will that
they'll find useful later in life.
答案：a由句意可知她们要学会作为一个团队相互影响和作用，
以发现在未来人生中有用的东西。不定冠词表泛指。
4．Our local Community Youth Club is very popular with young people in my town. I have been ________ member for four years now.
答案： a不定冠词a表示“一”的意思，相当于one。
5．Now years later, this river is one of ________ most outstanding examples of environmental clean-up.
答案： the“one of＋the＋可数名的复数形式” 构，表示
“??之一”。
6．Instead of winning the gold medal as had been expected, this world record holder only came ________ fifth in the game.
答案： /句意：没有像人料的那得金牌，个世界
保持者在比中屈居第五。come fifth意“位列第五”，序
数作状，其前不用冠。
7．Guinness World Records editor Graig Glenday says, “This
is ________ extraordinary world-record attempt that shows both spir itual dedication and true passion.”
答案：an此表示泛指，且extraordinary的音是以元音音素开的名，故填an。
8．Researchers have not found ________ cure, but they are developing a better understanding of the disease.
答案： a句意：研究人没有找到治方法，但他那
种疾病有了更好的了解。cure 意“治方法” 是可数名。
9．How beautifully she sings! I've never heard ________
better voice.
答案： a句意：她唱得多么听啊！我从来没听比更听
的声音。“否定＋不定冠＋比＋名”，表示最高意。
10．Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the
engineering department to take ________ place of George.
答案： /; the句意：姆接替治被任命工程部理。表示
位、的名作表、主足、足或同位，前
面不用冠；take the place of 意“代替??，取代??，接替??
的位置”，固定短。
Ⅱ. 句改
1．She's got a honest face, but in fact she is not the right person
to get on with.
______________________________________________________答案：a→an honest 的音是以元音音素开的，此表示“一
的面孔”，用an honest face。
2．They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make the difference in the lives of
others.
_____________________________________________________答案：第二个 the →a考冠。 make a difference意
“ ??有影响”，固定搭配。
3．I can't tell you the way to the Wilson's because we don't have Wilson here in the village.
_____________________________________________________答案：第二个 Wilson 前加 a考冠。人名前用不定冠表
示“某一”。句意：我无法告你去威家的路，因我个村
没有叫威的人。
4．I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.
_________________________________________________
答案： kitchen前加the这个句子变为直接引语为“Mom, you stay in the sitting room, and I cook in the kitchen.”此处表示谈话双方都知道的事物，故用定冠词the 。
5．It was a sunny day in the spring.The sun shone brightly.
_________________________________________________
答案：去掉 spring 前的 the考查冠词。表示季节的名词spring, summer, autumn, winter前没有形容词修饰时，一般不用冠词。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Mistakes can be extremely __1__ (value), but when you try
to get others to pay for your mistakes, then you lose the
opportunity to learn from them. When something goes wrong,
__2__ is usually very easy to find someone else to blame,
but what does that really accomplish?
Much of the value of mistakes comes from the fact __3__ they demanda cost that must be paid. The person who learns the most from a mistake is the person who pays the price for that mistake.
When you make a mistake, the last thing you want to do is
run away __4__ it. You need to accept it because you can learn a lot from it. The mistake __5__ (make) already, so make the
most of it. __6__ (pay) the price, learn the lesson, and grow
that much stronger.
When you make a mistake, don't look __7__at it long. Rememberthe reason for it, and then look forward. Mistakes are lessons of __8__ (wise). The past cannot be changed. __9__
present is still in your power. Take full advantage of your
mistakes __10__ (achieve) your goals and aspirations.
1．________
5．________
9．________
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们对待错误的正确态度和做法：犯了错误不要逃避，要从错误中学习，吸取经验教训，利用错误来实现自己的目标和愿望。
1．valuable考查词性转换。由空格前的副词可知需用形容词
作表语。
it作形式主语，2．it考查代词。由句子结构可知空格处应是
真正的主语是 to find someone else to blame。
3．that考查同位语从句的连接词。that引导同位语从句，解释fact的具体内容。
4．from考查介词。run away from“逃离，回避”，固定搭配。
5．has been made 考查动词的时态和语态。 makea mistake “犯错误”，此处 mistake 作主语，根据副词 already 和 make与 the mistake 的动宾关系可知，需用现在完成时的被动语态。
6．Pay考查句式。根据下文learn the lesson,and grow that ...
可知此句是祈使句。
7．back考查副词。由句意“当你犯了错误，不要老是回头看这个错误”可知填back。look back at意为“回头看，回顾”，符
合句意。
8．wisdom考查词性转换。由介词of 可知应填名词。
9．The考查冠词。根据上文并列句式“The past cannot be
changed”可知填定冠词The。
10．to achieve考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知此处应为不定式短语作目的状语。
Ⅳ. 短文改错
Dear Susan，
I'm glad to hear you'll attend the reception, but I think
it's a good chance for you to make some new friends. I'd
like to give some advices at your request.
Whenintroducing,you may shake the hands with them and say “Nihao” in Chinese. If you can't speak Chinese, you may speak
simply English. They like to communicate with you in English to
practicing their spoken English.
Senior high school students in China today has various
hobbies. Boys are familiar to NBAstars, while girls about film stars and singers. Of course, new films their attention easy. I hope these suggestions will
are crazy can attract helpful to
you.
Best wishes!
Yours ，
Li Hua 答案：
Dear Susan，
I'm glad to hear you'll attend the reception, but I think
①and
it's a good chance for you to make some new friends. I'd
like to give some advices at your request.
② advice
When introducing，you mayshake the＼hands with them and
③introduced④
say “Nihao” in Chinese. If you can't speak Chinese, you may
speak simply English. They like to communicate with you in
⑤simple
English to practicing their spoken English.
⑥practice/practise
Senior high school students in China today has various
⑦have
hobbies.Boys are familiar to NBA stars,while girls are crazy
⑧with
about film stars and singers.Of course,new films can attract
their attention easy. I hope these suggestions will∧ helpful
⑨easily⑩ be
to you.
Best wishes ！
Yours ，
Li Hua →and考。由句意可知前后两个分句是承关系，而不
是折关系。
→advice考不可数名。advice是不可数名，没有复数
形式。
→introduced考非。由上下境可知句子的主
you 与 introduce 是被关系，因此用去分。 Whenintroduced 相当于When you are introduced 。
4. 去掉 hands 前的 the考固定短。shake hands with意
“与??握手”，固定搭配。
→simple考形容。修名用形容。副是用来修
的。
→practice/practise考不定式。此用不定式作目
的状。
→have考主一致。句子的主students是复数名，
也用复数。
→with考搭配。sb. be familiar with“某人熟
悉??”，固定搭配。
→e asily 考副。修 attract 用副。前加 be 考句子构。此
句中的从句是主系表构。