初中语法祈使句专项讲解

初中语法祈使句专项讲解
初中语法祈使句专项讲解

初中语法祈使句专项讲解

1、祈使句的概念表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形,不能用其他形式。如:Shut the door! 把门关上!Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧!Let them go by train、叫他们坐火车去吧。祈使句的主语通常为第二人称(you),但一般都被省略,只有在特殊的情况下才把主语(you)补充出来。如:You be quiet! 你安静! You go and tell him, Chris、克立斯,你去告诉他。You wait here for a moment、你在这儿等一会儿。有时祈使句的主语也可以是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代词。如:Stand up, everybody! 全体起立!Nobody move、任何人都不许动。

2、祈使句表示强调为了加强祈使句的语气,我们通常是在祈使句的动词原形前加上助动词do,此时通常译为“一定”“务必”等。如:Do be careful、务必要小心。Do let me go、一定让我去。副词never和always有时可用于祈使句句首,表示强调。如:Never do that again、再不要这样做了。Always look in the mirror before starting to drive、一定要先看看反光镜再开车。

3、祈使句的否定式构成祈使句否定式的方法很简单,那就是在动词原形前加don’t不管祈使句所用的动词为什么性质动

词,情况都是一样。如:Open the window、把窗户打开。

→Don’t open the window、别把窗户打开。Come next Monday、下周星期一来。对于以let us或let’s开头的祈使句,其否定式通常是在不定式之前放一个not。如:Let’s tell him the truth、我们把实情告诉他吧。→Let’s not tell him the truth、我们不要把实情告诉他。但在日常口语中,我们也可以把don’t放在let’s之前。如:Let’s don’t tell him the truth、我们不要把实情告诉他)

4、祈使句与连用please为了使祈使句的语气变得委婉,我们可以在祈使句的句首或句末加上please若加在句首,其后不用逗号;若加在句末,则通常会在please前加一个逗号。如:Step this way, please、请这边走。Please type your letter、请把你的信打出来。Open the window, please、请把窗户打开。如果是否定祈使句,则通常将please加在don’t之前。如:Please don’t get angry、请不要生气。Please don’t telephone before8 a、 m、早8点以前请不要打电话。

5、祈使句的时间概念祈使句所表示的时间总是指将来,所以与它连用的句子原则上要用将来时态来与它呼应。如:Give me a hand, will you? 帮我一个忙,好吗?由于give me a hand表示隐含将来意义,所以句中的will you 不能改为do you。Try again and you will succeed、你再试就会成功。由于句中的

try again隐含将来意义,所以句中用了you will succeed,而

不是you succeed。Don’t do that again or you’ll be in trouble、别再干那个了,否则你会有麻烦。句中的don’t do that again指的是以后不要再干那事了,由于隐含有将来意义,所所以句中用了you’ll be in trouble,而没有用you are in trouble。

6、祈使句的省略一般说来,祈使句总是要以动词原形开头,但是,在某些特殊情况下,我们可以只用一个词或短语来表示祈使句的意义。如:Just a few please、请给几个就行了。A little more slowly please、再慢一点。A pound of butter、给我一磅黄油。Two teas and four coffees, please、请来两杯茶和四杯咖啡。祈使句何时可以保留主语you 祈使句的主语通常为第二人称(you),但一般都被省略的。但以下两种情况可以保留主语you:第1情况为了有所区分,祈使句可以保留主语 you。如:You go on; I’ll wait、你们先走,我等着。You wait here for a moment、你在这儿等一会儿。You girls stand in the front row、你们女孩子站在前排。You play Romeo and you play Juliet、你演罗蜜欧,你演朱丽叶。You wait here, Jim, and Mary, you wait there、你等在这儿,吉姆;玛丽,你等在那儿。第2种情况为了表示生气或有意表示无礼,祈使句可以保留主语 you。如:You be quiet! 你给我安静! You stop talking、你给住嘴。You get out of here! 你给我滚出去。You do it right away、你给我马上就去做。let us 与

let’slet us 的 us 既可指说话者一方(此时表示请求或命令),也可以指说话者和听话者双方(此时表示建议或劝诱,此用法在语体上较正式);而let’s 中的’s(=us)

则只能指说话者和听话者双方(表示建议或劝诱),不能指说话者一方(即不能用来表示命令或请求)。比较:让我们告诉你我们在博物馆里看到的情况。误:Let’s tell you what we saw in the museum、正:Let us tell you what we saw in the museum、我们做朋友吧。正:Let’s be friends、(较口语化)正:Let us be friends、(较正式)在反意问句中,表示请求或命令时,用 will you;表示建议或劝诱时,用 shall we。如:我们一起去游泳好吗?正:Let’s go swimming together, shall we?(较口语化)正:Let us go swimming together, shall we?(较正式)让我们跟你一起去好吗?正:Let us go with you, will you?误:L et’s go with you, will you

[shall we]?let’s 的否定式可以是let’s not, don’t let’s。如:Let’s not hurry、/ Don’t let’s hurry、我们不要太急。祈使句的动词可以是被动的吗]有时可以,但比较少见。如:Don’t be fooled by his appearance、不要为他的外表所欺骗了。Don’t be taken in by his promises、别被他的诺言所欺骗。有时don’t 后接的“be+过去分词”不是被动式,而是系表结构。如:Don’t be discouraged、不要气馁。祈使句备考注意

1、祈使句主要用于提出请求,发出邀请,给予指示、忠告或警告,也可发出命令等。

2、祈使句的特点是:一般不出现主语(you),但有时为了指明向谁请求或命令,也可以说出主语;谓语动词一律用原形;否定式一律在动词前面加don’t。如:Come this way, madam、

这边走,夫人。Don’t lose the key、别把钥匙丢了。Someone fetch a pail of water、谁去打一桶水来。

3、有关祈使句最可能涉及的考点是:祈使句带主语以及“祈使句+and / then / or+陈述句”这一句型(祈使句表示条件)。另外,祈使句与反意疑问句一起考查也是高考一大特点。如:Let’s phone her now, shall we? 我们现在就给她打电话,好吗?You girls stand in the front row, will you? 你们女孩子站在前排,好吗?Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam、努力点,你会通过考试的。请做以下试题:(1) Jim, you go there to help him, _______?

A、 do you

B、 will you

C、 are you

D、 have you答案选B。句首的呼语 Jim 清楚地表明这一个祈使句,只是其前带了主语而已。(2)

________ me back my money, or I’ll ring the police、

A、 Giving

B、 Given

C、 Give

D、 To give答案选C。填空处为祈使句谓语,故用动词原形。用复合不定代词作主语的祈使句■当要对一群人讲话时,祈使语气可与everybody, someone之类的词连用。如:Nobody move、谁都别动。Nobody say a word! 都不许说话! Someone fetch a pail of water、谁去打一桶水来。Somebody answer the phone please、请来个人接电话。Someone go and see who it is、谁去看看是什么人来了。D on’t anybody get out of here、大家都别出去! Everyone keep quiet! 大家安静! Everybody sit down and let’s have a drink、大家坐下来喝一杯吧! Mary, come here the baby’s asleep in the next room、

A、 Turn

B、 Turning

C、 to turn

D、 To have turned(7)

_____ some of this juice just _____ me the result、

A、 tell

B、 telling

C、 to tell

D、 to be telling(14)

Why stand there watching ______ it、

A、 save

B、 to save

C、 saving

D、 having saved(16)

First ______ the rice by washing it, then ______ it in boiling water、

A、 prepare, cook

B、 preparing, cooking

C、 preparing, cook

D、 prepare, cooking(17)

To test eggs, _____ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good、

A、 put

B、 putting

C、 to put

D、 to be putting但是请注意,类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同,所填部分为目的状语(用不定式,即答案选B):(18) ______ French well, she went to France to live with his cousins、

A、 Study

B、 To study

C、 Studying

D、 Having studied(19)

_____ late in the morning, Mr、 Smith turned off the alarm、

A、 Sleep

B、 To sleep

C、 Sleeping

D、 Having slept(20)

______ the flies out, we had to shut all the doors and windows、

A、 Keep

B、 To keep

C、 Keeping

D、 Having kept(21)

______ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English、

A、 Improving

B、 To improve

C、 Improve

D、 Having improved学习祈使句应的五个要点祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。祈使句的主语一般为第

二人称,但往往省去不用。同学们在学习祈使句时应注意以下几点:

一、祈使句谓语用何动词形式英语祈使句的谓语总是用动词原形。如:Be quiet! 别说话!Come earlier next time、下次早点来。Have a good time、愿你玩得痛快。Go and tell her、去告诉她吧。注:有时为了加强语气,可在动词前加do。如:Do be careful、务请小心。Do come on time、务必请准时来。

二、肯定祈使句如何变成否定祈使句祈使句否定式的构成方法是在动词原形前加don’t:Don’t be late、不要迟到。

D on’t speak so loud、别这么大声说话。Don’t walk on the grass、不要在草坪上走。Don’t lose the key、别把钥匙丢了。Don’t come unless I telephone、除非我打电话,否则你别来。

三、与please连用以使语气委婉为使语气委婉,通常将祈使句与please连用。Please可用于祈使句的句首(其后通常不用逗号)或句末(其前通常用逗号)。如:Please don’t get angry、请不要生气。Please drive more slowly、请开得慢一点。Please cut me a piece of cake、请给我切一块蛋糕。Please try to be quiet、请设法保持安静。Please repeat what you’ve just said、请把你刚才说的话重复一遍。

四、关于以let开头的祈使句Let’s eat out tonight、我们今晚出去吃饭吧。Let me have a try、我来试一试。Let me show you how to do it、我来告诉你怎样做。Let every man do his best、让每个人人尽其才。L et the meat cook slowly、把肉用慢火炖。注意:

1、这类祈使句的否定式有两种形式。如:Let’s not hurry、/ Don’t let’s hurry、我们不要太急。

2、 let后用作宾语补足语的动词要用原形,不能用带to的不定式。

五、祈使句的反意疑问句形式

1、在通常情况下,若陈述部分为祈使句,反意疑问句通常用will you, won’t you, would you等。如:Turn on the TV, will you? 把电视打开,好吗?Tell me the truth, won’t you? 告诉我实话,好吗? If

英语语法:祈使句

英语语法:祈使句1含有第二人称主语的祈使句 Be careful!小心! Don't make such a noise.不要这么吵。 1.肯定的祈使句 a.句型:动词原形~.(省略主语) Stand up.起立。 Be quiet,please.请安静。 b.有时,为了增强语气,能够在动词之前加do Do sit down. 务必请坐。 Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。 比较 祈使句和陈述句 陈述句: You sit down. 你坐下来。 祈使句: Sit down.坐下

(省略主语you) c.用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“,”。 Go this way,please. 请这边走。 d.祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开,放在句首或句尾。 Li Ming,come here. 李明,过来。 Come here,Li Ming. 过来,李明。 2.否定的祈使句 句型:Don't +动词原形~ Don't swim in the river. 别在河里游泳。 Don't be late.别迟到。 Please don't be noisy. 请不要大声喧哗。 注意 表示禁止时,尤其是标语等也可用“No+动名词”来表示。 No smoking. 禁止吸烟。

No parking. 禁止停车。 句型转换 祈使句与陈述句的改写 1.祈使句=You must …(陈述句) Come here .过来。 =You must come here . 你必须过来。 Don't do that again. 你一定不能够再那样做了。 2.Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ~?(陈述句)Please help me .请帮帮我。 =Will you (please) help me? 你愿意帮我的忙吗? Come here on time ,please .请准时到这儿。 =Will you (please) come here on time ? 请你准时到好吗? 2含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句 Let's say good-by here. 我们在此道别吧。 Don't let him do that again.

祈使句语法及练习题

祈使句 祈使句指の是表示命令、請求、建議或勸告の句子。其主語you常省略,謂語動詞用原形,句末用感嘆號或句號,讀降調。 1. 肯定の祈使句 (1)動詞原形+其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 請起立。 (2)Be + n./adj. Be a good boy! 要做一個好孩子! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 當心! (3)Let + 賓語 + 動詞原形 + 其他成分 Let me help you. 讓我來幫你。 Let’s go to school together. 咱們一起上學去吧 。 2. 否定の祈使句 (1) Don't + 動詞原形 Don't stand up. 別站起來。 Don't be careless. 別粗心。 Don't let them play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。 (2)Let型の否定式有兩種:“Don't + let + 賓語 + 動詞原形 + 其他成分”和“Let + 賓語 + not + 動詞原形 + 其他成分”。 Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 別讓他走。 Let them not play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。(3)no開頭,用來表示禁止性の祈使句。 No smoking! 禁止吸煙!No fishing! 禁止釣魚! 3. 祈使句の強調形式,通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助動詞Do。 例如:Do shut up! 快住口! 4. 祈使句の回答祈使句の動作通常是表示將來發生の動作,所以回答祈使句時,一般用 will或won’t。 在回答具有否定意義の祈使句時,要注意兩點: 1)形式一致(即Yes與will保持一致;No與won’t保持一致) 2)意思相反(即Yes是“不”の意思;No是“是”の意思)。在回答時,要注意分析上 下文語境中所提供の條件。 如:--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 請不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 ---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我得去機場接我弟弟。 5. 祈使句の反意疑問句 (1) 肯定祈使句の反意疑問句反問部分用will you 或won't you。 Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 請把門打開,好嗎? (2) 否定祈使句の反意疑問句反問部分只用will you。 Don't be late again, will you? 別再遲到了,行不行? (3) 以let's開頭の祈使句反意疑問句反問部分用shall we。 Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我們把電視打開,好嗎? <特別注意> 只有以let's開頭の祈使句の反意疑問句の反問部分才用shall we,而let us 開頭の祈使句の反意疑問句の反問部分應為will you或won't you.如:Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 請(你)讓我們留在這好嗎?

英语祈使句详解

英语祈使句详解 1. 种类: 1)、直接祈使句 直接祈使句指对二人称所下的命令。如: Shut the door! 把门关上! Have a shot at it! 试试看! Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧! Don’t have tomato soup!别吃番茄汤! Have a really good meal! 愿你享受一顿美餐! Get your eyes tested! 你去检查一下你的眼睛吧! Drop that gun. or I’ll shoot you.放下枪,不然我就打死你。 2)、间接祈使句 间接祈使句指对一人称或第三人称所下的命令。如: Let me help you. 我来帮你吧! Please let us know when you are arriving. 请告诉我们你何时到达。 Let her do what she likes. 让她做她想做的事吧。 Let every man do his best. 让每个人人尽其才。 Don’t let them take advantage of you.别让他们占你的便宜。 2. 祈使句的概念 表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形,不能用其他形式。如: Shut the door! 把门关上! Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧! Let them go by train. 叫他们坐火车去吧。 Come and have dinner with us soon. 一会儿来跟我们一起吃饭吧。 Have fun! 愿你玩得快活! Have a good time! 祝你玩得开心! Have a good day! 祝你度过美好的一天! Have a really good meal! 愿你享受一顿美餐! Have a lovely party! 愿你有一次愉快的聚会! Have a really restful holiday! 愿你度过一次十分悠闲的休假! Have a really interesting debate! 愿你们有一次十分有趣的辩论! Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地! Do not touch these wires. 请勿接触电线! Do not feed the animals! 不许给动物扔食物! Do not feed the lions. 请勿向狮子投喂食物! Don’t be rude.不要无礼。 Don’t you speak to me like that!你别这样跟我讲话! Stir, and you are a dead man. 动一下就要你的命。 Never speak to me like that again. 决不要再那个样子跟我说话。

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—祈使句的分类汇编

一、选择题 1.“_______ exercise every day, my child. It’s good for your health,” Father said. A.Taking B.Took C.Take D.Takes 2.Don’t________ in the classroom. It’s important ________ quiet when you study. A.talk, keep B.to talk, keep C.talk, to keep D.to talk, to keep 3.Don’t _______TV too much . It’s bad for your eyes . A.watch B.watched C.watching D.to watch 4.The teacher often says, “ _____ late for school. ” A.Don’t B.Don’t be C.Not D.Doesn’t 5.Peter, ______ more if you want to get high scores in the P.E. test next month. A.practice B.practices C.practicing D.will practice 6.Jerry,______ angry with others. It's bad for your health. A.doesn't be B.don't be C.isn't D.don't 7.Leave the E-dictionary behind,____ you won't be able to read independently. A.so B.or C.and D.but 8.Take more exercise, you will be healthier. A.but B.or C.and 9.—____ —C-O-L-O-R. A.What's this? B.What color is it? C.Spell it, please. 10.________ the steps, and you can find it convenient to buy things with the mobile phone. A.Follow B.To follow C.Following 11.Get up early,______you’ll be late for school. A.so B.and C.or D.but 12.Don’t ________ your glass too _______. A.fill; full B.fill; filled C.full; full D.full; filled 13.________the key card in your hotel room. Leave it at the reception desk. A.No leave B.Not leave C.Don't leave D.No leaving 14.—Could you take me to the cinema? I want to see the movie named Pacific Rim (《环太平洋》). —______ your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it. A.Finish B.Finished C.To finish D.Finishing 15.Summer is coming. Please______ play near the river, It's very dangerous.

祈使句语法复习课程

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Sit down.坐下 (省略主语you) c.用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“,”。 Go this way,please. 请这边走。 d.祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开,放在句首或句尾。 Li Ming,come here. 李明,过来。 Come here,Li Ming. 过来,李明。 2.否定的祈使句 句型:Don“t +动词原形~ Don“t swim in the river. 别在河里游泳。 Don“t be late.别迟到。 Please don“t be noisy. 请不要大声喧哗。 注意 表示禁止时,尤其是标语等也可用“No+动名词”来表示。 No smoking.

禁止吸烟。 No parking. 禁止停车。 句型转换 祈使句与陈述句的改写 1.祈使句=You must…(陈述句) Come here .过来。=You must come here . 你必须过来。 Don“t do that again. 你一定不可以再那样做了。 2.Please +祈使句=Will you (please)~?(陈述句)Please help me .请帮帮我。 =Will you (please) help me? 你愿意帮我的忙吗? Come here on time ,please .请准时到这儿。 =Will you (please) come here on time ? 请你准时到好吗? 2含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句 Let“s say good-by here. 我们在此道别吧。 Don“t let him do that again.

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词,情况都是一样。如:Open the window、把窗户打开。 →Don’t open the window、别把窗户打开。Come next Monday、下周星期一来。对于以let us或let’s开头的祈使句,其否定式通常是在不定式之前放一个not。如:Let’s tell him the truth、我们把实情告诉他吧。→Let’s not tell him the truth、我们不要把实情告诉他。但在日常口语中,我们也可以把don’t放在let’s之前。如:Let’s don’t tell him the truth、我们不要把实情告诉他) 4、祈使句与连用please为了使祈使句的语气变得委婉,我们可以在祈使句的句首或句末加上please若加在句首,其后不用逗号;若加在句末,则通常会在please前加一个逗号。如:Step this way, please、请这边走。Please type your letter、请把你的信打出来。Open the window, please、请把窗户打开。如果是否定祈使句,则通常将please加在don’t之前。如:Please don’t get angry、请不要生气。Please don’t telephone before8 a、 m、早8点以前请不要打电话。 5、祈使句的时间概念祈使句所表示的时间总是指将来,所以与它连用的句子原则上要用将来时态来与它呼应。如:Give me a hand, will you? 帮我一个忙,好吗?由于give me a hand表示隐含将来意义,所以句中的will you 不能改为do you。Try again and you will succeed、你再试就会成功。由于句中的 try again隐含将来意义,所以句中用了you will succeed,而

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祈使句的肯定句。 1)以系动词be开头的祈使句。 这种句式的结构是:Be动词+其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等) 例如:Be quiet / quick! Be a good student! Be careful when crossing the street. 2)以实义动词开头的祈使句。 这种祈使句的常用结构为:行为动词原形+其它成分。 例如:Come in, please!请进! Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。 3)let句型。 这种祈使句的常用结构为:Let’s / let us+动词原形;或者是Let + 宾语+其他。Let’s play football!我们一起踢足球吧! Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 祈使句的否定句。 1)Don't + 动词原形。 Don't be careless. 别粗心。 Don’t be late again. 不要再迟到。 Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

Don’t look at your books. 不要看书。 2)Let引起的祈使句的否定形式。 a. Let's ( Let s b. ) + not + 动词原形。 Let's not say anything about it. 对于这件事,咱们什么也别说。 Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 b. Don’t+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他。 Don’t let Jim do that. 别让吉姆做那事。 Don’t let us go, please. 请不要让我们走。 3)在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/ V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。 例如:NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!No parking! 禁止停车! 祈使句的反意疑问句。 1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。 Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开,好吗? Be sure to write to us, will/ won’t you? 你一定要给我们写信,好吗? 2)否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。 Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了,行不行? Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?

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