考研英语冲刺30天第14天：阅读理解篇之二
考研英语冲刺30天第14天：阅读理解篇之二
第十四天：九大题型微观把握---阅读理解篇之二
从微观上把握阅读题型是阅读理解的另一项基本功。今天总结阅读中的几大题型以及正确答案的一般特征。考研阅读的题型与基本技巧如下：
一、事实细节题
基本技巧：定位原文，同义替换（根据问题中的关键词定位原文，寻找对原文进行同义替换的选项）
例如，
Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. (2003-1)
Straitford is most proud of its.
[A] official status
[B] nonconformist image
[C] efficient staff
[D] military background
根据问题中的关键词proud of（对...感到自豪）定位文章末句：Straitford, takes pride in its independent voice.（Straitford对自己能发出的独立声音感到自豪）。B选项中的nonconformist（独立的）对末句中的independent进行了同义替换，所以B为正确答案。
二、例证题
基本技巧：定位例子，寻找总结（例子前后，一般在例子前找对例子的总结）
三、词义题
基本技巧：文中判断，语法标点（根据上下文进行判断；可以借助标点符号、语法搭配等；常见词的字面意思要警惕）
四、句子理解题
基本技巧：抓住主干，逻辑态度（剔出主谓部分；如果是复合句，要注意所表达的逻辑关系；涉及态度的句子，要注意与原句态度一致的选项）
五、指代题
基本技巧：向上搜索，代入验证（根据代词所表示的数量，如单数或复数等特征确定选项，然后将答案代入原文验证）
六、推理题
基本技巧：对应原文，注意转折（一般的推理题都有对应的原文，例如它常对应原文的转折处，因此不能凭感觉盲目推断）
例如，
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side-don't usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.(2006-2)
It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.
[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.
[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.
[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.
问题针对三段。可以将各个选项与原文第三段进行比较，然后得出答案。A"游客不能分开参观the Castle and the Palace两处"是对原文的拼凑，等于将第三段的前两句串在一起，但意思与原文不符，所以是错误的。B"看戏的人比一般的游客花钱更多"符合原文的意思，为正确答案。第三段第二句指出，游客一般不看戏。第三句指出：看戏的人除了看戏之外，一般还会进行一些旅游活动。接着是RSC的观点：它认为看戏的人一般在小镇呆的时间长，因此花费也多，而游客一般购物少，而且一天就离开了小镇。由此可知看戏的人的花费可能多于游客。C"游客比看戏的人购物更多"、D"看戏的人只去剧场"都与第三段意思不符，所以都是干扰选项。阅读时注意第三句前面的转折词however。
七、作者态度题
基本技巧：词汇语气、选项分辨（根据原文的形容词、副词、名词与动词与作者的语气判断褒贬，再分辨选项的褒贬）
八、判断题
基本技巧：看清问题、态度主题（审题时要注意问题中的否定词NOT与反向思维词EXCEPT；做题时一般按照顺序对应原文；答案有时对应文章主题或作者态度，最后一题为判断题时尤其如此）
九、主旨题
基本技巧：注意首段、综合段首（首段常引出主题；各段首句综合起来为全文主题）
例如，
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.(2007-1)
The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.
[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
问题是"作者提到足球运动员中发现的生日现象的目的是什么"。这等于从写作方法的角度考查对文章主题的把握。本文首段提到优秀足球运动员的生日集中在一年的开始几个月，这是一个现象，是为了引出本文的主题：出色的成绩从哪里来。事实上，作者从第二段开始都在对上述现象进行解释，并且指出出色的成绩是后天努力、而不是与生俱来的结果。C"引出出色的成绩从哪里来"这一主题，符合此意，为正确答案。D"解释为何有些足球队比其他足球队出色"为干扰选项，因为文章首段仅仅提到问题中所说的现象，解释这一现象是文章其他部分的功能，第二段首句"什么能解释这一奇怪现象"就表明了这一点。注意：首先，本文的结构是现象--解释型，首段一般只提出现象；其次，报刊杂志文章的首段通常引人入胜，目的是引出本文主题。
今天的第二个目的是总结正确答案的一般特征。这个方面我们昨天已经涉及，今天对其全面总结如下。考研阅读问题的正确答案经常具有下列五大特征之中的一个或几个：
1．特征一--内容：常与文章的主旨有关。
即经常涉及文章的中心思想。有的文章后面几个问题的正确答案都对应文章的主旨，因此，要注意正确表达了原文主旨的选项。例如：2004年第三篇。
2．特征二--位置：常对应段首、段尾和转折处。
段首、段尾和转折处是文章的重点，也是常出题的地方，值得关注。例如：2005年第一篇。
3．特征三--改写：常对原文进行同义替换、正话反说或反话正说。
同义替换、正话反说或反话正说是考研阅读三种最常见的答案编写方式，了解它们就等于能从命题角度把握问题。例如：2000年第一篇。
4．特征四--语气：常含有不肯定语气词和委婉语气词。
有些问题的答案，尤其是推理题的答案中常包含不肯定语气词和委婉语气词，如may等，以显示推理的相对性。例如：2007年第二篇。
5．特征五--特性：常具有概括性和深刻性。
由于考研阅读考查的对象是文章要点与重点，因此答案通常具有概括性和深刻性，所以选择答案时对于包含过于琐碎细节的选项要警惕。
做考研阅读问题时，如果能以原文为依据，并结合上述正确答案的五大特征进行思考，结果会比较理想。
今天的结束语是：千里之行始于足下（A long journey is started by taking the first step）。
（本文撰写时参考了李传伟编著的《2008年考研英语阅读真题全方位突破》）
Word 是学生和职场人士最常用的一款办公软件之一，99.99%的人知道它，但其实，这个软件背后，还有一大批隐藏技能你不知道。掌握他们，你将开启新世界的大门。
Tab+Enter,在编过号以后，会自动编号段落
Ctrl + D调出字体栏，配合Tab+Enter全键盘操作吧
Ctrl + L 左对齐，Ctrl + R 右对齐，Ctrl + E 居中
Ctrl + F查找，Ctrl + H 替换。然后关于替换，里面又大有学问！
有时候Word文档中有许多多余的空行需要删除，这个时候我们可以完全可以用“查找替换”来轻松解决。打开“编辑”菜单中的“替换”对话框，把光标定位在“查找内容”输入框中，单击“高级”按钮，选择“特殊字符”中的“段落标记”两次，在输入框中会显示“^P^P”，然后在“替换为”输入框中用上面的方法插入一个“段落标记”(一个“^P”)，再按下“全部替换”按钮。这样多余的空行就会被删除。
Ctrl + Z是撤销，那还原呢？就是Ctrl + Y，撤销上一步撤销！
比如我输入abc, 按一下F4, 就会自动再输入一遍abc
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考研英语阅读经验 h t p:/w w.C n K y.N e t 2006-5-31 考研英语的重点就是要大量的阅读。现在考研英语对阅读的考查越来越多，这也需要我们进一步的提高阅读能力。虽然考研的阅读理解有一定的规律可循，但是这些规律也在逐年的淡化。这几年反技巧的出题趋势越来越明显，考试越来越重视考生的真正阅读分析能力。所以，我们一定要提前打好基础，在整个一年的复习中，每天除了做专门的阅读理解练习外，还要阅读一定量的英语报刊。据了解，考研的阅读理解很多都是摘自国外的一些著名的报纸，如美国的New York Times（纽约时报），英国的Times （泰晤士报）等等。如果能找来的话，这些都是很好的阅读材料。06年最新的4篇文章就来自于传统的核心刊物：Economist，Time，以及Newsweek，这个进一步说明考研英语文章选材来源的固定化，进而给参加2007年考研的同学也提供了一个非常好的平时选读文章的方向。在这里必须要强调一点的就是，2006年阅读理解的最后一篇文章在“英语文摘”第7期上不但已经发表，而且还附之以中文翻译。这个就告诉我们的广大考生，在我们选读国外经典杂志时也不应该忽略犹如“英语文摘”、“英语世界”等等核心的国内英语刊物。希望参加2007年的考生予以重视。而且，考研英语的阅读量越来越大，里面不但有很多考察全文的主旨题，还有很多的细节题和作者态度题，这些内容的提炼都要我们在平时的阅读中渐渐地培养，而不是靠考前一两个月就可以一蹴而就的。 与此同时，备战考试的同学还要刻意训练自己快速阅读的能力，由上下文推理的能力以及中英文翻译能力，这对于解答新题型以及翻译题都有很大的帮助。 英语语言教育包括听、说、读、写、译，但是对大多数考研的学生来说，学英语将来主要的目的是看懂国外本专业领域的英语著作，了解本专业最新发展状况。因而，在国内外各类英语考试中，阅读能力的考核越来越受到重视，难度也逐年升高，在雅思、托福测试中也是如此。所以新大纲加强阅读的考核也是顺应时代要求。阅读理解是硕士研究生入学英语考试的重中之重，这一部分要能获得高分，考生便能在考试中处于有利地位。 阅读理解部分，考生们常常碰到的困难是：理解准确率和阅读速度矛盾，往往是提高了阅读速度，理解准确率就下降，而一味要准确率时，阅读速度就恨慢。要想加快阅读速度，首先要养成正确、良好的阅读习惯。应克服如下4种不良习惯：
2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及参考答案
精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort
hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
2009考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(2)
TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.
考研英语阅读做题经验和方法
考研英语阅读做题经验 和方法 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】
考研英语真题经验和方法 阅读理解的文章大多为说明文或者议论文。针对这两类文章，考生应该有不同的阅读重点和策略。对于说明文来说，最重要的是抓住文章的说明对象、事实和数据；对于议论文来说，最重要的是总结作者的观点和结论、抓住作者的态度，以及作者的观点和态度与其他人的观点和态度之间的关系等等。 13个重点考点和四大命题原则。考生应该熟记这些重点考点，并在平时的练习中训练自己对这些考点的敏感程度，做到使自己的神经能够一找到这些考点就会条件反射般地兴奋起来，从而增强对重点的记忆和理解。下面首先将一一介绍阅读理解文章的敏感考点。 1、首段和尾段 一篇文章的主题句、或者说是中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。大家在阅读了一定数量的文章之后就能够发现，许多文章开门见山地在文章第一段中就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点，这些中心思想句的位置一般都是文章第一句话或者第一段的最后一两句话。 此外，文章的最后一段一般都会对全文的说明和论证进行总结，这些句子往往位于最后一段的第一句话或最后一句话。通过一些标志性词汇或者短语，我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子，如： allinall,inshort,toconclude,inconsequence,insummary,inaword,asaresult,the refore,accordingly,thus等。 主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力，因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点。 2、段首和段尾 无论是说明文还是议论文，一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证，每一个段落一般都是一个部分或者层次。英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的中心思想句，因此也是出题的重点区域，涉及的问题包括了中心思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。下文也将会提到，在进行快速阅读的时候，考生只需要浏览文章每一段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨。 3、长难句 上文提到了长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在，其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各种从句等，使得句子长达好几行。因此这些复杂的句型也往往成为了试题的重点所在。考生应该加强训练自己对付长难句的能力，平时练习中有意识地去分解这些句子，理解其中的指代关系和句子层次。 4、列举处 所谓的列举是指通过一些表示顺承关系的词语逐项列出一些事实或者观点，标志性的词汇包括First,Second,Third…;Firstly,Secondly,Thirdly… Finally;Firstofall,Then,Inaddition,Further,Furthermore,Besides,Moreover…针对这一考点的题目通常考查文章细节，有时候也涉及对文章内容的推理判断。这种题目没有固定的提问方式，不过通常会有两种题型：第一种是从四个答案选项中选择正确的一项，错误选项的意思往往与文章的意思相反或因果关系颠倒；第二中
考研英语阅读理解
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1.提问方式： 1)直接提问(Main idea型) ?The text intends to express the idea that. . . ?We can draw a conclusion from the text that. . . ?What is the passage mainly about? ?The passage is mainly. ?From the passage we learn that. . . ?The passage is mainly about. . . ?he key point of the passage is that. . . ?This passage mainly deals with. . . ?The main point the author makes in the passage is. ?What does this passage mainly discuss? ?The general/ main/ central idea of the passage is. ?The passage is primarily concerned with. . . 2)给文章定标题 The best title for the text may be. . . Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?' A best title for the passage could be. A best title for the passage might be. This passage can be entitled. . . 3)提问写作目的( Purpose型) ?The article is written to explain. ?The purpose of the passage is. ?This passage is intended to… 2.解题技巧： 1) ①.重点读文章的首段开头部分，如果文章中有这样的主旨句， 那么再看四个选择项，如其中一项所含的信息同主旨句中的信息相似，该项即为正确答案 ②.重点读各段的开头和结尾，四个选项中能涵盖文章各段内容的一项， 就是正确答案
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学类
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学 类 Passage 18 Tennis hopeful Jamie Hunt, 16, felt he could not become a world-class junior player while attending a regular school. The international circuit has players on the road 50% of the time--and it's hard to focus on your backhand when you're worrying about being on time for homeroom. So last year Hunt, who hones his ground strokes at Elite TNT Tennis Academy in April Sound, Texas, enrolled for academics in the $9,750-a-year University of Miami Online High School (UMOHS), a virtual school that caters to athletes. "The online school gives me the flexibility I need," says Hunt. "The workload is the same, but I can do it anywhere. It's nicer to ask a question face-to-face with a teacher, but in some ways it prepares me better for college because I have to be more independent." A year ago, Hunt's world junior ranking was 886; now it's 108. Virtual high schools, which allow students to take classes via PC, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative, particularly for on-the-go athletes. UMOHS has more than 400 students enrolled, 65% of whom are athletes. Accredited by the 100-year-old Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, UMOHS offers honors and advanced-placement classes. All course material is online, along with assignments and due dates. For help, says principal Howard Liebman, "a student may e-mail, instant message or call the teacher." Dallas mom Lori Bannon turned to another online school, Laurel Springs in Ojai, Calif. Bannon, who has a medical degree from Harvard, didn't want to compromise the education of her daughter Lindsay, 13, an élite gymnast who spends eight hours a day in the gym. "Regular school was not an option," says Bannon, "but I wanted to make sure she could go back at grade level if she quit gymnastics." Laurel Springs' enrollment has increased 35% a year for the past four years, to 1,800 students. At least 25% are either athletes or child entertainers. Educators are split on the merits of such schools. Paul Orehovec, an enrollment officer for the University of Miami, admits, "I was somewhat of a skeptic. But when I looked into their programs and accreditation, I was excited. UMOHS is the first online school to be granted membership in the National Honor Society." Kevin Roy, Elite's director of education, sees pitfalls and potential in virtual schools. "You will never have that wonderful teacher who inspires you for life," says Roy. "But the virtual school offers endless possibilities. I don't know where education's imagination will take this." 注(1)：本文选自Time;11/29/2004, p149-149, 1/2p, 1c; 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 4第1、2题(1、2)，text 1 第2 题(3)，text 3第5 题(5)和2000年真题text 4第4题(4); 1. What does Jamie Hunt get from the virtual school? [A] the ability to perfect his tennis skills [B] the time to do his school work