英语定语从句专项训练100(附答案)含解析
英语定语从句专项训练100(附答案)含解析
一、定语从句
1．Lily doesn’t know ________ she and her friends can do to help the little boy ________ parents have left their hometown for making money.
A．that; whose B．how; who C．what; who D．what; whose
【答案】D
【解析】
that引导宾语从句一般不充当句子成分，只起连接作用；how引导宾语从句，一般做方式状语；what引导宾语从句，做从句的逻辑主语或者宾语。句意：莉莉不知道她和她的朋友们能做什么来帮助这个小男孩，他的父母离开家乡去挣钱了。结合语境可知前文是宾语从句，what，什么，充当宾语从句谓语动词do的逻辑宾语。下文为定语从句，the little 宾语boy和parents是逻辑上的所有关系，故引导词用whose，选D。
考点：英语从句
2．The last place _______ we visited was Chaoshan Custom Museum.
A．where B．that C．when D．why
【答案】B
【解析】
句意：我们参观的最后一个地方是潮汕风俗博物馆。根据句子结构可知，这里考查的是定语从句，where关系副词，指地点；that关系代词，先行词为物；when关系副词，指时间；why关系副词，指原因。定语从句中visited后缺少宾语，故应填关系代词，选B。
3．The leaders from eight countries attended the Shanghai cooperation organization summit in Qingdao got the welcome of the Chinese people.
A．whom B．what C．who D．which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意：出席上海合作组织青岛峰会的8国领导人受到中国人民的欢迎。考查关系代词辨析。what不是关系词，可排除。whom和who都用于先行词是人时，但whom用作宾语，who用作主语或宾语；which用于先行词是物时。本句先行词The leaders是人，可排除which；关系词在从句中做主语，可排除whom。根据句意结构和语境，可知选C。
4．When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life_________ a group of people have in common.
A．what B．who C．where D．that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
句意：当我们说起文化的时候，我们指的是一群人共同拥有的生活方式。考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意：当我们说起文化的时候，我们指的是一群人共同拥有的生活方式。逗号后面的句中是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是 life，表示“物”，用引导词 that，在从句中做宾语。what 不能引导定语从句。先行词是“人”，引导词常用 who。where 在定语从句中做地点状语。故选D。
【点睛】
引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as；关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。
5．–What are you looking for?
–I’m look ing for the storybook you lent to me last week.
A．who B．which C．when
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意“-你正在找什么？-我正在找你上周借给我的故事书”。
本题考查定语从句。A.who指人，在从句中作主语和宾语；B.which指物，在从句中作主语和宾语；C.when表示时间，在从句中作状语。本句话中，先行词为the storybook，指物，且在从句中作宾语，故选B。
【点睛】
做定语从句时，可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词，要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分，从而做出正确的判断。
6．China is getting better at making hi-tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world.
A．who B．which C．what
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：中国在制造高科技产品方面变得更加擅长，并且这些产品世界大部分地区都能买到。
此句考查定语从句的关系词。who引导定语从句时先行词是人，who在从句中作主语或宾语；which引导定语从句时先行词是物，which在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能用来引导定语从句。本句的先行词是hi-tech products高科技产品，指物，用which来引导，故答案为B。
【点睛】
在定语从句中，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词
保持一致。
1） who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
3） which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
Beijing is the place where （in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
7．The book ___ I read last night was fantastic.
A．that B．what C．whose D．who
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
句意：我昨晚读的那本书真是太棒了。此句考查定语从句的关系词。A. that先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B. what不能引导定语从句；C. whose先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语；D. who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。本句的先行词book指物，用that来引导，故答案为A。
【点睛】
在定语从句中，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1） who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
3） which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。4）关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使
用，例如：Beijing is the place where （in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
8．Wang Yangming is a great educationalist developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen. A．which B．what C．who
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意：王阳明是教育界的一位伟大的教育家，他的大部分思想都是在修文中发展起来的。
A. which关系词，引导定语从句，先行词是物；
B. what不能引导定语从句；
C. who关系词，引导定语从句，先行词是人，根据 educationalis指人，所以用who，故选C。
9．We have decided to sell five things ________ we no longer use.
A．that B．where C．who
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
句意“我们已经决定卖5个我们不再用的东西”。
本题考查定语从句。A.关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；B.关系副词，表示地点，在从句中作状语；C.关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语和宾语。本句话中，先行词为five things，指物，且在从句中作宾语，用that，故选A。
10．—Have you heard of the Huawei Company?
—Sure, it’s one of the _____ companies _____ make us Chinese proud.
A．great; which B．greater; which C．greatest; that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你听说过华为公司吗？——当然，它是使我们中国人感到骄傲的最棒的公司之一。
great伟大的；greater比较伟大的，是比较级；greatest最伟大的，形容词最高级；which 关系代词，可以引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that也是关系代词，先行词为人或物，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语。第一个空考查句型one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……的之一”，故排除A和B，应选C。第二个空是that引导的定语从句，在从句中作主语。
11．You Raise Me Up is a song ________ brings me much courage in the face of challenges. A．who B．when C．which D．where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意：《你鼓舞了我》是一首歌，它带给我面对挑战的勇气。
A. who定语从句关系词，先行词是人；
B. when定语从句关系词；做时间状语；
C. which 定语从句关系词，先行词是物；
D. where定语从句关系词，做地点状语。a song 是物，关系词用which。根据题意，故选B。
12．Yesterday Li Ming went to the village ______ his family lived ten years ago.
A．when B．which C．where D．that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意：昨天李明去了他家十年前住的村子。定语从句修饰的先行词是the village，关系词在定语从句中作状语，故where符合题意。答案为C。
13．The teenagers like the musician ____ different kinds of music.
A．who play B．which plays C．who plays D．that play
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
试题分析：句意：青少年喜欢演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。The musician是先行词，后面跟的是它的定语从句。先行词musician指人，用who、that引出定语从句，Ｂ错；关系词在定语从句中作主语，定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致。musician是单数，谓语用单数：plays。故选C。
14．Have you found the information about famous scientists you can use for the
report?
A．where B．which C．what D．who
【答案】B
【解析】
句意：你找到了你在报告中可以使用的关于那些著名科学家的信息了吗？where在哪里，表示地点；which引导定语从句，先行词应该是物；what什么，不能引导定语从句；who 引导定语从句，先行词是人。这里考查的是定语从句，先行词并不是空前的famous scientists，而是the information，指代的是物，故应选B。
15． Running man is a very relaxing TV program_______is hot among the young people. A．what B．which C．who D．whom
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
【点评】定语从句要注意先行词是人还是物，从而选出合适的关系代词．
【详解】
试题分析：定语从句中先行词为物，关系代词用that或which．what不引导定语从句，who/whom的先行词是人；根据 a very relaxing TV program可知，先行词是物，故选B．
16．We all enjoy reading the story _______ has a happy ending.
A．who B．whom C．that D．what
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
句意：我们都喜欢读有一个幸福结局的故事。这里是定语从句，先行词是the story，是物，关系词用that和which, 先行词是人用who来引导。先行词是人，关系词whom在句中作宾语。根据题意，故选C。
【点睛】
当关系代词指人时,关系代词既可用who,也可以用that.但在以下情况用who.
1.当先行词是persons,people,those时.例如：
Those who are for my plan ,please put up your hands.同意我的计划的人请举手.
Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.好争者被轻视.
2.当先行词是he,one,all,any,they等时,例如：
He who has not reached the Great Wall isn't a true man.不到长城非好汉.
All who had seen this film were moved.看过这部电影的人都受感动.
3.在非限定性定语从句中用who.例如：
I want him,who knows some English and French.我要他,他懂得些英语和法语.
I will pardon you,who are honest.我愿意宽恕你,你是诚实的.
4.在强调句型中多用who,在口语中who可以省略.例如：
I think it is you who should come here tomorrow.我认为你明天应该来这儿.
It is he who can do this work.只有他能够干此工作.
在以下情况多用that.例如：
5.当关系代词在从句中作表语时用that.例如：
She is not the woman that she used to be.她已经不是过去的她了.
China is not the country that it used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了.
17．（河南省2015年中考英语试题）—Why don’t you like fishing?
—Fishing is a hobby needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all.
A．who B．that C．it D．what
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼？——钓鱼的爱好需要很大的耐心，但我根本没有耐心。考查定语从句的用法。who谁；that那；it它；what什么。先行词a hobby是物，在定语从句中作主语，可知用关系代词that或which引导此定语从句，结合选项可知选B。
18．–Why are you so worried?
-I’ve lost the watch ______ my dad bought me on my birthday.
A．what B．who C．whose D．which
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
句意：——你为什么如此担心？——我把那块我生日时爸爸买给我的手表弄丢了。考查定语从句，先行词是watch表示物，故关系代词只能用which或that；what不引导定语从句；who的先行词是人；whose表示所属；故选D。
19．I really like the family photo ________ we took on my grandpa’s 80th birthday.
A．who B．that C．what D．whose
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：我真的很喜欢爷爷80岁生日时拍的全家福。本题考查定语从句。A. who指代人；B. that既可以指人又可以指物；C. what不能引导定语从句；D. whose指代某人/物的。根据题干可知本句中的先行词是photo，指物，所以B选项that符合题意，故答案选B。
20．According to the survey, women ________drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than ________who don’t.
A． who； that B． /； these
C． who； those D． / ； /
【解析】
试题分析：句意为：据调查，每天喝超过两杯咖啡的女人比那些不喝咖啡的女人患心脏疾病的机会大得多。根据语境可知，本题考查的是定语从句的引导词和代词的用法。在定语从句中，引导词由先行词而定，who的先行词指人。此外，这里指的是“喝咖啡与不喝咖啡的那些女人”的比较，代词应用those，表示同名同物，故应选C。
考点：考查引导词和指示代词的用法。
21．Wechat（微信） is an invention can help people talk to friends ,share photos ,ideas and feelings.
A．what B．who C．which
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：微信是能帮助人们和朋友交谈，自由地分享照片，想法，感受的一种发明。根据先行词是invention,所以引导词用that，或这which. 故选C。
考点：考查定语从句的用法。
22．—Why don't you like fishing?
—Fishing is a hobby____needs much patience,but I'm not patient at all.
A．that B．who C．whom D．Where
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼？——钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好，但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词 hobby （爱好）指事物，关系代词应用that 或which.故选A项。
考点：考查定语从句的用法
23．Carla can’t stand the boy ___ often plays jokes on her in front of the whole class. A．which B．who C．what D．whom
【答案】B
【解析】
句意：Carla无法忍受那个经常在全班面前取笑她的那个男孩。which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语或宾语；who引导定语从句修饰人，作主语或宾语；what引导名词性从句，作主语或宾语；whom引导定语从句，修饰人，作宾语。此处先行词boy表示人，在定语从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选B。
24．I like the actors are very famous now.
A．which B．who C．why
【答案】B
句意：我喜欢那些现在非常出面的演员。先行词actors表示人，故用who引导定语从句，故选B。
25．--Why are you so worried?
--I’ve lost the watch ___ my uncle bought me yesterday.
A．whom B．who C．whose D．which
【答案】D
【解析】
句意：——你为什么这么担心？——昨天我把叔叔给我买的手表丢了。此句考查定语从句的关联词，先行词watch指物，关联词要用that/which，故答案为D。
点睛：关系代词引导的定语从句。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose
who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr. Liu is the person （whom） you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
This is the pen （which） he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。
26．Fewer and fewer people spend time reading. There were only 49% of adults in the US
________ visited a public library last year.
A．who B．where C．when D．which
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：越来越少的人花时间读书。去年在美国只有49%的成年人参观一个公共图书馆。修饰名词adults，作定语从句的主语，故用关系代词who，故选A。
27．The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.
A．which B．why C．who
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：我们昨晚看的电影是很好。A. which在定语从句作宾语、主语。指物或事情；B. Why在定语从句中做状语，先行词是reason；C. who在定语从句中作主语或宾语。指人。考查定语从句，先行词movie是指物的，关系词在定语从句中作saw的宾语。所以用which，故选A。
28．Confucius was a great thinker had many wise ideas about human nature.
A．who B．which C．/
【答案】A
【解析】
句意：孔子是一位伟大的思想家，他对人性有很多明智的想法。考查定语从句。who用于先行词是人时，which用于先行词是物时。先行词thinker（思想家）是人，需用who引导，引导词做从句的主语，不可省略；根据句意语境，可知选A。
29．The photos successfully show the rich culture ______makes Shiyan so famous.
A．what B．which C．who D．why
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：这些照片成功地展示了使十堰非常出名的丰富文化氛围。A. what不能作为定语从句的连接词；B. which先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；C. who先行词是人，在定语从句中作主语；D. why引导定语从句时，在句中作原因状语。本句先行词是culture，指物，引导定语从句的关联词只能用which，故答案为B。
【点睛】
在定语从句中，关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1） who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
3） which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
Beijing is the place where （in which） I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
30．Tony, tell me the result of the discussion ______ you had with your dad yesterday. A．what B．which C．when D．who
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查定语从句。定语从句先行词the discussion是物，在定语从句you had with your dad yesterday中作had的宾语，故用which引导此定语从句，所以选B。
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