高中英语阅读理解练习题(有答案) 百度文库

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

A typical child plays many roles, such as friend, neighbor, son or daughter. Simply reminding children of that fact can lead to better problem-solving and more flexible thinking, according to new research from Duke University.

Better problem-solving was just one positive finding of the study, said lead author Sarah Gaither, an assistant professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke. After thinking about their own various identities, children also showed more flexible thinking about race and other social groupings—a behavior that could be valuable in an increasingly diverse society.

In a series of experiments, Gaither and her colleagues looked at 196 children, ages 6 and 7. In an experiment, one group of children was reminded that they had various identities, such as son, daughter, reader or helper. A second group of children was reminded of their multiple physical attributes, such as a mouth, arms and legs. All the children then needed to handle a few tasks

Children who were reminded of their various identities showed stronger problem-solving and creative thinking skills. When shown pictures of a bear staring at honey-filled beehive(蜂窝)high up in a tree, these children had more creative ideas for how the bear might get the honey, such as turning over a bowl so that it became a stool(凳子). In other words, they saw a new use for the bowl. Children who were reminded of their multiple roles also showed more flexible thinking about social groupings. When asked to categorize different photos of faces, they suggested many ways to Spso. They identified smiling faces such as unsmiling ones, and old and young faces. The other children, meanwhile, primarily grouped people's faces by race and gender(性别).

The-study suggests ways to promote flexible thinking for the young, which could be especially valuable for teachers." Gaither said.

"We have this tendency in our society to only think about ourselves in connection with one important group at a time," Gaither said. "When kids think that they have various identities, they show greater abilities."

（1）What are all the kids asked to do in the experiments?

A.Play different kinds of roles.

B.Remind others of their roles.

C.Approach several tasks.

D.Classify a group of tasks.

（2）How does the author mainly clarify the conclusions of the study in paragraph 4?

A.By giving examples.

B.By using experts' words.

C.By listing a few figures.

D.By showing cause and effect.

（3）What can we learn from Sarah Gaither's words?

A.Improving 5 kids flexible thinking ability is important teaching.

B.Kids tend to behave selflessly after thinking about their roles.

C.Kids' creative thinking ability is easy to discover and develop.

D.Teachers are supposed to make the most of the kids' flexibility.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.Kids' Social Abilities Are Consistent with. Their Education.

B.Considering Their Various Roles Improves Kids' Abilities.

C.Kids Have a Variety of Identities in Their Daily Life.

D.Problem-solving Ability Is Necessary for Most Kids.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了让孩子知道自己有不同的角色可以提高孩子解决问题的能力和创造性思维能力。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“All the children then needed to handle a few tasks. ”可知，所有的孩子都被要求处理一些任务。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段可推断，第四段主要使用了两个例子来阐明实验得出的结论。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“The study suggests simple ways to promote flexible thinking for the young,which could be especially valuable for teachers,，Gather sad. ”可知,提高孩子的灵活思维的方法对于老师是有价值的。由此可推断,提高孩子的灵活性思维能力在教育中是很重要的事。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文呢绍了孩子考虑自己的不同的角色可以提高孩子解决问题的能力和创造性思维能力。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

People speak English in different parts of the world. The same words can be used in different ways, depending on where you live. People can also have completely different ways of saying the same thing.

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is asking the public to help it add new words. Editors want to find the regional differences in English around the world. They want to expand its record of the language.

Last year, the OED, BBC Radio and the Forward Arts Foundation teamed up to find local words in the United Kingdom. It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary. One was "cuddy wifter", which means a left-handed person.

Now, the OED is widening its search to English speakers around the world. Eleanor Maier, an editor at OED, said the response has been great. Editors are listing a bunch of suggestions to include in the dictionary.

These include Hawaii's "hammajang", which means "in a disorderly state". Another is the word

for a swimming costume, "dookers" or "duckers". It is used in Scotland.

The OED also might include the word "frog-drowner", which Americans might use to describe a downpour of rain. Another possibility is "brick". It means "very cold" to people in New Jersey and New York City.

The dictionary has already found that, depending on location, a picture hanging off center might be described as "agley". It might also be called "catawampous" or "ahoo".

"The OED aims to cover all types of English," Maier said. That includes scientific words, slang and regional language. Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED's editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down.

The appeal is called Words Where You Are. It is looking for more suggestions. "We were surprised and pleased by the number of regional words we were able to include," said Maier.（1）Which local word of the following most likely comes from one region of the United Kingdom?

A. Hammajang.

B. Dookers.

C. Catawampous.

D. Frog-drowner.（2）What can be inferred from the passage?

A. It is challenging to create a complete collection of regional words.

B. People are not enthusiastic about the appeal for regional words.

C. Regional words are more used orally than in written form.

D. Understanding regional words can be helpful when communicating.

（3）Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?

A. It's time to track where the local words come from.

B. The same English words can be used to say different things.

C. OED aims to expand its collection to attract locals.

D. OED will include more regional words from around the globe.

（4）Which part of a newspaper does this passage probably come from?

A.Entertainment.

B.Sports.

C.Culture.

D.Health.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例，说明了不同的地方有很多地方性的语言，牛津词典正致力于将这些地方性的语言包含在它的字典之内。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Another is the word for a swimming costume, ‘dookers’ or ‘duckers’. It is used in Scotland.”dookers 或duckers这个词用来指一种泳衣，主要在苏格兰地区使用，以及常识，苏格兰是英国的一部分，可知，Dookers这个词最可能来自于英国的一个地区。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED's editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down”Maier说

识别地方性的词汇对于牛津字典的编辑来说是比较困难的。因为这些词经常为口头描述而没有被记录下来，可以推知搜集各地的地方性语言是一项比较困难的事情。故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“The appeal is called Words Where You Are. It is looking for more suggestions.”和全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了牛津字典收集地方性词汇的意义以及进展情况，向大家介绍了这一个项目。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文的话题是牛津字典收集地方性词汇，是与文化中的语言相关的，所以我们可以推知这篇文章可能来源于报纸上的文化专栏部分。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

A university in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, has installed facial recognition systems in classrooms to monitor students' behavior, sparking a heated debate online. China Pharmaceutical University recently installed the systems in two pilot classrooms as well as school gates, dormitory entrances, the library and laboratory buildings.

Xu Jianzhen, director of the university's library and information center, told https://www.360docs.net/doc/0d1685811.html, that the systems will help teachers check student attendance and monitor behavior during the lectures. "In the past, some students just checked their attendance and ditched the class or asked other students to check the attendance for them. Now with facial recognition, that would no longer be a problem," he said. "The moment you enter the classroom, the camera will monitor you all the way through and can tell how long you lower your head, whether you're playing with a smart phone, whether you're dozing off or reading other books," he added.

The news has raised wide debate on Chinese social media, with many questioning if the cameras will violate students' privacy. A Sina Weibo user said: "I oppose such methods, and it is not clear whether the systems are developed by the school itself or by third parties. If it is the latter, is there any regulation of security? Where will the information be sent and stored?"

Gan Xiangsi, a senior student from the university, said she welcomed the systems being applied in dormitories and libraries as this can help prevent personal belongings being stolen，but it is not necessary to use such technology in the classroom. "If the teacher teaches well，the students will be interested," she said. "On the contrary, this kind of monitoring will make everyone feel resistant."

China Pharmaceutical University is not the first university to use facial recognition technology on campus. Many universities across the country have installed cameras at campus entrances to ensure safety. But many are also hesitant when it comes to applying such technology in classrooms.

"This issue has been debated for quite a long time," Chu Zhaohui, a senior researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences, told China National Radio. According to Chu, teachers and students who are under observation might not behave as they normally would since they know they are being watched. "Cameras should not be installed in classrooms merely for

effective teaching purposes," Chu said, as teachers are also being observed. He agreed that "students' privacy needs to be protected". He also said that not putting classrooms under control is an important principle. "If you don't follow this principle, students will falsify and disguise their state of listening，and teachers may also not perform as well. Then real teaching will not occur," he added.

（1）Which of the following is NOT the function of facial recognition systems?

A.To help check student attendance.

B.To help monitor student behavior.

C.To help ensure student safety.

D.To help protect student privacy

（2）What does the underlined word "ditch" in paragraph 2 mean?

A.abandon

B.attend

C.dislike

D.enjoy

（3）What's Chu Zhaohui's attitude towards installing cameras in classrooms?

A.favorable

B.indifferent

C.unfavorable

D.neutral

（4）What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?

A.To introduce the function of facial recognition systems.

B.To express his preference for facial recognition systems.

C.To express his strong dislike for facial recognition systems.

D.To introduce people's different attitudes to facial recognition systems.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了江苏省南京市的一所大学在教室里安装了面部识别系统来监控学生的行为，这在网上引起了激烈的争论。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Xu Jianzhen，director of the university's library and information center, told https://www.360docs.net/doc/0d1685811.html, that the systems will help teachers check student attendance and monitor behavior during the lectures.”该校图书馆信息中心主任徐建振告诉https://www.360docs.net/doc/0d1685811.html,，该系统将帮助教师检查学生出勤情况，并监控学生在课堂上的行为）排除A 和B；根据倒数第二段中的“Many universities a cross the country have installed cameras at campus entrances to ensure safety.”全国许多大学都在校园入口处安装了摄像头，以确保安全排除C。D选项“帮助保护学生的隐私”不是面部识别系统的功能，故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“or asked other students to check the attendance for them.”或者让其他学生帮他们签到。可知上文意思是过去，一些学生只是签到，然后逃

课。"ditch"的意思是放弃，抛弃，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"‘ameras should not be installed in classrooms merely for effective teaching purposes,’ Chu said, as teachers are also being observed.“不应该仅仅为了有效的教学而在教室里安装摄像头，”朱说，因为老师们也在被观察。）由此推断出，朱朝晖对在教室里安装摄像头持不赞成的态度，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A university in Nanjing, Jiangsu province，has installed facial recognition systems in classrooms to monitor students' behavior, sparking a heated debate online.”江苏省南京市的一所大学在教室里安装了面部识别系统来监控学生的行为，这在网上引起了激烈的争论。可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍人们对人脸识别系统的不同态度，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

I have three kids and a great husband and I'm enjoying a career that I find challenging and fun. This feels like "Success" to the outside world. But there is still a voice in my heart asking if this is who I truly am. Only in silence do I hear the self and wonder who that person might be.

So I booked a trip to find out. I travelled, for the first time, without my husband or kids. I went to Iceland with a friend, who shares an appreciation for wilderness and silence.

For six days, we were immersed in wild, raw scenery and real weather—all kinds of weather. Climbing a mountain against rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal reminds you how little you actually need. And how strong it feels to be uncomfortable sometimes.

I found silence in Iceland，and time to consider the me outside of career and the me outside of kids as I shared stories with strangers.

When I stopped talking and just listened，I became more generous. I 1earned that choosing to be generous can create more space, more food and more warmth.

But I didn't really gain any better appreciation of what I want from life or my job. I suspect the anxiety that drove me to seek silence in Iceland was losing sight of my ability to choose gratitude and joy，and to be present in the challenges I set in my career and my family.

I came home to noise，rush and love; with no less confusion on who I want to be. I know the answer isn't waiting out there on the top of a mountain in Iceland. The answer is in front of me with every step on my own 1ife's path, and in every choice I make.

（1）Why did the author take a trip to Iceland?

A. To gain a new experience.

B. To enjoy family happiness.

C. To better understand herself.

D. To appreciate natural beauty.

（2）Which word can best describe the author's trip?

A. Puzzling

B. Thrilling

C. Relaxing

D. Demanding

（3）What change happened to the author after the trip?

A. She became more positive

B. She became more energetic

C. She became even lonelier

D. She became more anxious

（4）What will the author do in the future?

A. Withdraw back to nature.

B. Embrace reality bravely.

C. Travel to Iceland more often.

D. Pay less attention to her feelings.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，为了寻找真正的自我，作者踏上了冰岛之旅。回来之后，她意识到答案不在遥远的冰岛，而在平平淡淡的日常生活和工作中。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段和第二段中的“But there is still a voice in my heart asking if this is who I truly am. Only in silence do I hear the self and wonder who that person might be. So I booked a trip to find out.”可知作者心里一直有疑问，那就是"我是真正的自己吗？"，所以作者预定了旅行去寻找答案，即她去冰岛旅行的目的是寻找真正的自我，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Climbing a mountain against rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal reminds you how little you actually need. And how strong it feels to be uncomfortable sometimes. ”可知作者在冰岛旅行时冒雨爬山，饮食简单，并且体验到了种种不适，故推测作者的旅行是艰苦的，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“with no less confusion on who I want to be. 和 The answer is in front of me with every step on my own 1ife's path, and in every choice I make. ”可知作者不再困惑，她知道真正自我的答案就在日常生活中，就在她所做出的每个选择中，故推测作者旅行回来后变乐观了。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“I suspect the anxiety that drove me to seek silence in Iceland was losing sight of my ability to choose gratitude and joy，and to be present in the challenges I set in my career and my family. ”可知作者怀疑驱使她去冰岛的焦虑正在让她失去选择感恩和快乐的能力，也让她看不到在家庭和事业中的挑战。故推测作者以后不会逃避生活，并且能够勇敢面对生活中暂时的困惑。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Alison Malmon was trapping up (完成) the end of her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania, US when she got the news: Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University, was suffering from mental illness.

Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to empower (使能够) students to talk openly about mental health. It soon blossomed into a national organization that today has more than 450 campus chapters. Leaders with the organization spend their time talking with college students about the pressure that today's young people face.

"What you hear often is just a need to be perfect," said Malmon, "and a need to present oneself as perfect."

And a new study in the UK proved that this need for perfectionism is simply part of today's society. In the study, two researchers studied more than 40,000 students from the US, Canada, and the UK. They found that what they called "socially prescribed(社会定向型的) perfectionism" increased by a third between 1989 and 2016.

Lead researcher Thomas Curran said that while so many of today's young people try to present a perfect appearance online, social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modern society, meaning young people can't avoid being sorted and ranked in both education and employment. That comes from new norms(准则) like greater numbers of college students, standardized testing and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education.

For example, in 1976, half of high school seniors expected to get a college degree of some kind. By 2008, more than 80 percent expected the same. The researchers also said changes in parenting styles over the last two decades might have had an impact. As parents feel increased pressure to raise successful children, they in turn pass their "achievement anxieties" onto their kids through "excessive(过多的) involvement in their child's routines, activities or emotions"

Those in the mental health community like Malmon say they're concerned about the impact the culture of perfectionism has on mental health on campuses. "Mental health has truly become this generation's social justice issue," she said. "It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."

（1）What is the article mainly about?

A. The effects of the culture of perfectionism.

B. Research into the trend of perfectionism.

C. A group dedicated to helping people stay mentally healthy.

D. Various pressures that today's young people are facing.

（2）What inspired Alison Malmon to start a group related to mental health?

A.Her brother's mental illness.

B.Her project during the freshman year.

C.The pressure she had experienced.

D.Her strong interest in mental health.

（3）What does Malmon think is a way to help young people manage the pressure of perfectionism?

A.Enabling them to know what is to blame for their pressure.

B.Lowering their expectations of themselves.

C.Reducing parents involvement in their children's life.

D.Making them aware of what true social justice is.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）A

【解析】【分析】研究发现完美主义会给人带来压力，进而影响人的精神健康。造成完美主义的原因主要有三个，即自身原因，社会竞争，和父母教养。

（1）主旨大意题。根据文章第四段的And a new study in the UK proved that this need for

perfectionism is simply part of today's society，第五段的Lead researcher Thomas Curran said that while so many of today's young people try to present a perfect appearance online, social media isn't the only reason behind this trend. 和第六段的The researchers also said changes in parenting styles over the last two decades might have had an impact.可知本文主要讲述对于完美主义这一趋势的研究发现，故选B项。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段的Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University, was suffering from mental illness. Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to empower (使能够) students to talk openly about mental health.可知Malmon受到哥哥精神疾病的启发，发动了一群人发表对精神健康的看法，故选A项。

（3）细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的she said."It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault."可知Malmon认为要解决完美主义所带来的压力问题的关键是给他们提供方法，并且让他们知道有压力不是他们的错，即要让他们找到引起压力的原因，故选A项。

【点评】考查阅读理解，涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。细节理解题要注意仔细阅读文章，从文章中找出答案；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

6．阅读理解

When you live in total messiness—cookies in your pants draws, and some old New Yorkers or apple seeds in your bed—it's hard to know where to look for when you lose your keys. The other day, after two weeks of searching, I found my keys in the refrigerator. I can't say I was surprised. But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with ADHD(多动症), when I was a junior at Yale.

According to a new study, 11% of school-age children have received an ADHD diagnosis, a 16% increase since 2007. And rising diagnoses mean rising treatments—drugs like Adderall are more accessible than ever. However, the consequences of misuse and abuse of these drugs are dangerous.

Yet also harmful are the consequences of ADHD undiagnosed, an all-too-common story for women like me, who have symptoms, like disorganization and forgetfulness, which look different from those typically expressed in males.

Dr. Ellen, author of Understanding Girls with ADHD, has found around 4 million females with ADHD are not diagnosed. "The main reason is that the diagnostic criteria were developed based on those hyperactive（过度活跃）young boys taken to clinics, making it difficult for girls to be diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive boys." Ellen says.

Besides, the idea that young women actually have ADHD often causes skepticism. As a top student, I didn't believe my diagnosis at first. My friends were also confused, and rather certain my doctor was misguided.

"Often, if girls are smart or in supportive homes, symptoms are masked," Dr.Ellen says. "Girls will hide their inability to meet social expectations. They see their trouble organizing, and concentrating as character flaws(缺陷)."

These years, I am both embarrassed and exhausted by my struggles to keep track of objects, but drug has helped it and made it more bearable.

（1）The writer presents the first paragraph to .

A. air her view with an example

B. bring up the topic of the passage

C. show young people's messiness

D. prove Yale also has ADHD students

（2）Many female with ADHD are not diagnosed mainly because .

A.the diagnostic criteria are made according to male ADHD

B.they are smart enough to mask their ADHD symptoms

C.they don't view their trouble as symptoms of ADHD

D.women ADHD are more hyperactive than young boys

（3）What does the word "skepticism" in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A.panic.

B.stubbornness.

C.debate.

D.doubt.

（4）What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.Why female ADHD patients develop the disease.

B.Why many female ADHD patients are undiagnosed.

C.How young ADHD patients are cured of the disease.

D.How much help ADHD patients can get from medication.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】文章借由作者的亲身经历讲述女性多动症不容易被诊断出来的原因。（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段的结构和But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with ADHD（多动症）,when I was a junior at Yale.以及下文关于多动症的内容可知，作者讲述第一段的目的是为了引出下文关于多动症的话题，故选B项。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第四段的The main reason is that the diagnostic criteria were developed based on those hyperactive（过度活跃）young boys taken to clinics, making it difficult for girls to be diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive boys.可知诊断多动症的标准是基于过度活跃的年轻男孩来制定的，所以很难诊断出女孩，除非她们的行为像过度活跃的男孩，故选A项。

（3）词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的As a top student, I didn't believe my diagnosis at first.My friends were also confused, and rather certain my doctor was misguided.可知作者一开始不相信多动症的诊断结果，她的朋友也很困惑，认为是医生诊断错误，即她们都怀疑医生的诊断，故推测画线部分的意思是"怀疑"，故选D项。

（4）主旨大意题。文章第三段主要讲述女性多动症的症状和男性不同；第四段主要讲述女孩很难被诊断出多动症，因为诊断标准是按男性制定的；第五段主要讲述女性自己会怀疑诊断结果；第六段主要讲述女性会把多动症症状隐藏起来。综上所述，本文主要讲述女性不容易被诊断出多动症的原因，故选B项。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题，

细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词义猜测题要结合划线词所在语境，推测词义；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想

7．阅读理解

The Largest World Fairs of All Time

New York World Fair — New York, 1939

The 1939 New York World Fair was the largest exposition (博览会) in US history with visitors over 14 million. The Fair was planned during the Great Depression and was aimed at relieving the city from economic depression by attracting foreign investment. Major inventions to emerge (出现) at the New York World Fair included nylon fabric, a streamlined pencil sharpener, and a futuristic car city imagined by General Moiors.

Exposition liniverselle — Paris, 1900

The Exposition Universelle was one of the earliest expositions to feature multiple countries with France inviting various countries to display their technological advancements and cultural heritage. Exposition Universelle was the birthplace of many inventions that we enjoy today including escalators (自动扶梯) and talking films.

Expo' 70 — Osaka, Japan

Expo' 70 was the biggest exposition of the 20th century and the second largest in history. Expo 70 had a record attendance of over 64 million visitors, a 40-year record that would not be broken until Expo 2010 in Shanghai. Notable exhibitions included a large piece of moon rock that was brought back from the Apollo 12 mission.

Expo 2010 — Shanghai. China

Expo 2010 goes down as the largest fair in history, having attracted 73 million people. It also had the highest international participation of any exposition in the world with 246 countries participating. The opening ceremony featured the biggest LED screen in the world as well as one of the biggest fireworks displays in history.

（1）Which Expo is the biggest one in history?

A. Expo 70 — Osaka. Japan.

B. Exposition Universelle — Paris

C. Expo 2010 — Shanghai, China.

D. New York World Fair — New York

（2）What is the purpose of New York World Fair?

A. To attract more inventions.

B. To improve the nation's economy.

C. To display the technological development.

D. To share achievements with other countries.（3）What did Expo 70 in Japan feature?

A. A piece of rock from space.

B. A rocket in the Apollo 12 mission.

C. The cultural heritage from countries.

D. The biggest LED screen in the world.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个有史以来最大的世界博览会。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Expo 2010 — Shanghai. China部分中的“Expo 2010 goes down as

the largest fair in history”可知，2010年上海世博会是历史上规模最大的一届世博会，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据New York World Fair —New York, 1939部分中的“aimed at relieving the city from economic depression by attracting foreign investment.”可知，纽约世博会的目的是通过吸引外资来缓解国内经济萧条，也就是改善国家经济，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Expo' 70 — Osaka, Japan部分中的“Notable exhibitions included a large piece of moon rock that was brought back from the Apollo 12 mission.”可知，第70届日本世博会的特色是展出了阿波罗12号带回来的一大块月球岩石，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Microsoft announced this week that its facial-recognition system is now more accurate in identifying people of color, touting (吹嘘)its progress at tackling one of the technology's biggest biases (偏见).

But critics, citing Microsoft's work with Immigration and Customs Enforcement, quickly seized on how that improved technology might be used. The agency contracts with Microsoft for cloud-computing tools that the tech giant says is largely limited to office work but can also include face recognition.

Columbia University professor Alondra Nelson tweeted, "We must stop confusing 'inclusion' in more 'diverse' surveillance (监管)systems with justice and equality."

Facial-recognition systems more often misidentify people of color because of a long-running data problem: The massive sets of facial images they train on skew heavily toward white men. A Massachusetts Institute of Technology study this year of the face-recognition systems designed by Microsoft, IBM and the China-based Face++ found that facial-recognition systems consistently giving the wrong gender for famous women of color including Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams, Michelle Obama and Shirley Chisholm, the first black female member of Congress.

The companies have responded in recent months by pouring many more photos into the mix, hoping to train the systems to better tell the differences among more than just white faces. IBM said Wednesday it used 1 million facial images, taken from the photo-sharing site Flickr, to build the "world's largest facial data-set" which it will release publicly for other companies to use.

IBM and Microsoft say that allowed its systems to recognize gender and skin tone with much more precision. Microsoft said its improved system reduced the error rates for darker-skinned men and women by "up to 20 times," and reduced error rates for all women by nine times.

Those improvements were heralded(宣布)by some for taking aim at the prejudices in a rapidly spreading technology, including potentially reducing the kinds of false positives that could lead police officers misidentify a criminal suspect.

But others suggested that the technology's increasing accuracy could also make it more marketable. The system should be accurate, "but that's just the beginning, not the end, of their ethical obligation," said David Robinson, managing director of the think tank Upturn.

At the center of that debate is Microsoft, whose multimillion-dollar contracts with ICE came

under fire amid the agency's separation of migrant parents and children at the Mexican border.

In an open letter to Microsoft chief executive Satya Nadella urging the company to cancel that contract, Microsoft workers pointed to a company blog post in January that said Azure Government would help ICE "accelerate recognition and identification." "We believe that Microsoft must take an ethical stand, and put children and families above profits," the letter said.

A Microsoft spokesman, pointing to a statement last week from Nadella, said the company's "current cloud engagement" with ICE supports relatively anodyne(温和的)office work such as "mail, calendar, massaging and document management workloads." The company said in a statement that its facial-recognition improvements are "part of our going work to address the industry-wide and societal issues on bias."

Criticism of face recognition will probably expand as the technology finds its way into more arenas, including airports, stores and schools. The Orlando police department said this week that it would not renew its use of Amazon. com's Rekognition system.

Companies "have to acknowledge their moral involvement in the downstream use of their technology,"

Robinson said. "The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."

（1）What is "one of the technology's biggest biases" in Paragraph 1?

A. Class bias.

B. Regional difference.

C. Professional prejudice.

D. Racial discrimination.

（2）What can we know about the improvement of facial-recognition technology?

A. Justice and equality have been truly achieved.

B. It is due to the expansion of the photo database.

C. It has already solved all the social issues on biases.

D. The separation of immigrant parents from their children can be avoided.

（3）What is the focus of the face-recognition debate?

A. Data problems.

B. The market value.

C. The application field.

D. A moral issue.（4）What is David Robinson's attitude towards facial-recognition technology?

A. Skeptical.

B. Approval.

C. Optimistic.

D. Neutral.

（5）We can infer from the last paragraph that Robinson thinks _____.

A. companies had better hide from responsibilities

B. companies deny problems with its technical process

C. companies should not launch new products on impulse

D. companies should be responsible for the new product and the consequences

（6）Which can be the suitable title for the passage?

A. The wide use of Microsoft system

B. Fears of facial-recognition technology

C. The improvement of Microsoft system

D. Failure of recognizing black women

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

（5）D

（6）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，微软面部识别技术改进了肤色识别，宣布其人脸识别技术将会更加精确，但是人们却认为它会带来更大的问题，希望微软把道德置于其利润之上，并且能够为产品以及其带来的后果负责。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段”Microsoft announced this week that its facial-recognition system is now more accurate in identifying people of color, touting (吹嘘）its progress at tackling one of the technology's biggest biases (偏见).“可知微软面部识别技术改进了肤色识别，吹嘘它可以解决该技术最大的偏见，由此可以推断该项技术在人种肤色上有偏见，也就是种族歧视。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的”The companies have responded in recent months by pouring many more photos into the mix, hoping to train the systems to better tell the differences among more than just white faces.“可知那些公司通过在原有照片中加入更多的照片，通过训练系统，从而提升系统的识别能力，即通过扩充照片数据库来提升系统的识别能力。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第九段中的”At the center of that debate is Microsoft, whose multimillion-dollar contracts with ICE came under fire amid the agency's separation of migrant parents and children at the Mexican border.“；和第十段中的”We believe that Microsoft must take an ethical stand, and put children and families above profits“可知对微软人脸识别技术的争论中心是，它会把墨西哥边缘的移民父母和孩子分开，且人们认为微软必须坚守道德底线，将儿童和家庭置于其利润之上，故推断目前对于脸部识别技术争论的焦点是道德问题。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 "The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."可知Robinson认为他们推出了一种产品然后对其后果撒手不管，这是让人难以接受的。故推断Robinson对人脸识别技术是不支持的。故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 "The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."可知Robinson认为他们推出了一种产品然后对其后果撒手不管，这是让人难以接受的。故推断Robinson认为公司应该对自己的产品和产品带来的后果负责到底。故选D。

（6）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了人们怀疑改进之后的人脸识别技术会带来更多的问题，比如种族歧视和置墨西哥孩子的利益于不顾。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

While small may be beautiful, tall is just plain uncomfortable it seems, particularly when it comes to staying in hotels and eating in restaurants.

The Tall Persons Club Great Britain (TPCGB), which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants. Beds that are too small, shower heads that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room all make life difficult for those of above average height, it says.

But it is not just the extra-tall whose needs are not being met. The average height of the population has been increasing yet the standard size of beds, doorways, and chairs has remained unchanged.

"The bedding industry says a bed should be six inches larger than the person using it, so even a king-size bed at 6′6″ (6 feet and 6 inches) is falling short for 25% of men, while the standard 6′3″bed caters for less than half of the male population." Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, "seven-foot beds would work fine."

Similarly, restaurant tables can cause no end of problems. Small tables, which mean the long-legged have to sit a foot or so away from them, are enough to make tall customers go elsewhere.

Some have already taken note, however. At Queens Moat Houses′ Caledoman Hotel in Edinburgh, 6′6″ beds are now put in as standard after requests for longer beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans.

（1）What is the purpose of the TPCGB campaign?

A. To provide better services.

B. To rebuild hotels and restaurants.

C. To draw public attention to the needs of the tall.

D. To attract more people to become its members.

（2）Which of the following might be a bed of proper length according to Phil Heinricy? A. 7′2″. B. 7′ C. 6′6″ D. 6′3″

（3）What may happen to restaurants with small tables?

A. They may lose some customers.

B. They may start businesses elsewhere.

C. They have to find easy chairs to match the tables.

D. They have to provide enough space for the long-legged.

（4）What change has already been made in a hotel in Edinburgh?

A. Tall people pay more for larger beds.

B. 6′6″beds have taken the place of 6′3″beds.

C. Special rooms are kept for Americans.

D. Guest rooms are standardized.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述一个英国的高个子组织TPCGP在六个月以前向宾馆和酒店发起的针对高个子的一些特殊需求的活动。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“which was formed six months ago to campaign for the needs of the tall, has turned its attention to hotels and restaurants.” 可知TPCGP是为了让公众注意高个子的一些特殊需求。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Said TPCGB president Phil Heinricy, ‘seven-foot

beds would work fine. ’”Tpcgb 总裁Phil Heinricy, 说，七英尺的床就够了可知选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，如果饭店使用小的桌子，自然就失去了高个子这样一类群体的顾客。选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“6′6″beds are now put in as standard after requests for long er beds from taller visitors, particularly Americans. ”在高个子游客要求更长的床位后，6′6床位现在被作为标准放置，尤其是美国人，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

We have many trips for you to explore the world your way. Our travel ideas are as diverse as the world itself and are designed to let you experience it. Please start with the following four trips.

Athens and Crete Explorer

the Pharaohs on this 9 day journey along the Nile.

Duration: 9 Days Prices From: US$ 1,495

Trip Type: Classics (Bestsellers), Tailor-made Travel Ideas

A. London for Families.

B. Australia & New Zealand.

C. Classic Egypt.

D. Athens and Crete Explorer.

（2）If you are on the trip to London for Families, you will see ________.

A.the ancient Oracle

B.the world of Harry Potter

C.koalas and kangaroos

D.the ancient land of Egypt

（3）From the text, it can be learnt that all the four trips ________.

A.have the same trip type

B.take more than one week

C.take more than US$ 1000

D.enjoy their famous diet

（4）Where is the text probably taken from?

A.A travel brochure.

B.A science fiction.

C.A storybook.

D.A textbook.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个旅游行程。

（1）考查推理判断。根据Athens and Crete Explorer部分中的”Trip Type: Romance & Honeymoon, Tailor-made Travel Ideas“旅行类型：浪漫蜜月，量身定做的旅行创意，可推知，新婚夫妇极可能会选择Athens and Crete Explorer”雅典和克里特岛探险家“。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据London for Families部分中的”Visit the world of Harry Potter“参观哈利波特的世界，可知，如果参加伦敦的家庭之旅，你会看到哈利波特的世界。故选B。（3）考查细节理解题。根据四个旅游行程中Duration（持续时间）的介绍信息“Duration: 8 Days ，Duration: 9Days，Duration: 11Days”可知，这四个旅游行程都超过了一周。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”We have many trips for you to explore the world your way. Our travel ideas are as diverse as the world itself and are designed to let you experience it. Please start with the following four trips.“我们有很多旅行供您以您的方式探索世界。我们的旅游理念和世界本身一样多样化，旨在让您体验它。请从以下四次旅行开始。可推知，这篇文章可能来自于旅游手册。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

A few hours after my first mission, returning to Earth on the space shuttle Endeavour, I completed all of my medical tests after flight, met with NASA officials, and reunited with my family. Finally, I was alone in my office room in astronaut crew quarters at the Kennedy Space Center, exhausted and ready for bed. And I did what anyone does when they return to their hotel room on a business trip: I turned on the TV. The television news started up: Such and such had happened, people were shocked, blah blah blah. Sports scores. Silly commercials.

It didn't take more than a minute before I had to turn it off. It felt like my body was rejecting all this input, just as it would reject an organ donation that had the wrong blood type. All of this noise was just completely foreign to who I was—or, more appropriately, who I had become. A few hours before, I had been orbiting Earth, seeing our planet from space, flying the most amazing machine ever built by human hands, working with a team that was the absolute success of human. And now here in my room watching what was being sold as news, and with my newfound perspective, I just could not stomach it. My worldview was changed forever in a profound (深刻的) way.

The biggest change by far and the one for which I will always be most grateful is this big-picture perspective. That will stick with me for the rest of my life.

Whenever I feel the pressure of modern life, the stress about work, or worry about the future, I remember my time in the space station. Back to seeing the sun set Or watching our galaxy rise on the horizon. Or seeing a sea of lightning flash a hundred times a second. Or simply back to floating weightlessly.

When I'm there in my mind and realize how many billions of these beautiful sunsets there have been and will be in the future, the cares of the world just don't seem that pressing. It goes that, "Do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself." Living daily life down here on the planet is so much better with this attitude!

（1）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word stomach in paragraph 2?

A. Access.

B. Attend.

C. Accept.

D. Afford.

（2）What is the most important change to the writer?

A. He has a broader view of the world.

B. He doesn't like watching TV any more.

C. He will always be most grateful for everything.

D. He can fly the most amazing machine by hands.

（3）What attitude to life does the writer tend to have?

A. caged bird longs for clouds.

B. Live in the present moment.

C. Let bygones be bygones.

D. Time works great changes.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了在一次太空之旅后作者对待生活的态度

的变化。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“It didn't take more than a minute before I had to turn it off.”以及画线词后的“My worldview was changed forever in a profound (深刻的) way.”可知，我的世界观以一种深刻的方式永远改变了，因此此处是说以我现在的视角，看这种新闻是我无法忍受的，所以不到一分钟我就关掉了电视，由此可知画线词词义为“接受、忍受”，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The biggest change by far and the one for which I will always be most grateful is this big-picture perspective.”可知，作者最重要的改变是他对世界有更广阔的看法，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It goes that, ‘Do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself.’ Living daily life down here on the planet is so much better with this attitude!”可知，它说，“不要为将来担心，生活在这个星球上的日常生活是如此的好，这句话表明了作者对待生活的态度是不要担心将来，活在当下，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

If conditions get bad enough, almost any kind of weather can become a storm.

Stormy weather can cause people to cancel their plans. It can cause major events to be postponed. And severe stormy weather can be dangerous to people, fortune and anima1.

If you weather the storm, or ride out the storm, you survive and move on without harm or injury. For example, 1et's talk about Tornado Alley, the name for part of the central United States. During springtime, this area often has a large number of powerful tornadoes. People who live there are taught to shelter in the safest place they can find and wait for the storm to pass. People who live in Tornado Alley are used to weathering many storms!

You can also weather a storm, but it doesn't involve actual weather. “To weather the storm” can also mean to make it through a difficult experience or trying times. So, if the stock market(股市)crashes, you might have to weather a financial storm.

Often before a big storm, conditions are calm. The calm before the storm can happen anytime. It is the time before something bad happens. For example, at the beginning of a family reunion, the adults were all talking happily. But the older children knew it was just the calm before the storm. They've seen it happen before. The adults talk happily for about an hour. Then they start arguing about events from the past—things that should really stay buried!

But after the storm begins and you find yourself in the middle of it, you are in the eye of the storm. In the world of weather, the eye of the storm is the calmest part, in the center of a hurricane, for example. However, in the English language, if you are in the eye of the storm, you are in the most intense part of a conflict. For example, she had no idea that walking into the meeting would put her in the eye of the storm.

However, a brainstorm does not exist in the world of weather. To brainstorm means to try to

solve a problem by talking with other people. And don't worry. If we have trouble thinking of an idea for the next program, we can always brainstorm with you!

（1）What's mainly discussed in the 3rd and 4th paragraphs?

A. What the meanings of weathering the storm are.

B. How we can weather the storm.

C. Weathering a storm doesn't involve actual weather.

D. People in Tornado Alley can survive the storm.

（2）Why does the author mention a family reunion in the fifth paragraph?

A. To stress the importance of weather forecast.

B. To develop the awareness of family.

C. To explain the meaning of an expression.

D. To praise the older children for being clever.

（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. A problem can't be solved if you worry too much.

B. A brainstorm often appears in the world of weather.

C. Difficulties can be dealt with by teamwork.

D. To brainstorm can cause troubles in the program.

（4）What's the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To tell us stormy weather can cause destruction.

B. To tell us some expressions about storm.

C. To tell us a storm can cause conflicts.

D. To tell us we should be ready for a storm.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个英语中与“风暴”有关的表达。（1）段落大意题。第三段第一句“If you weather the storm，or ride out the storm，you survive and move on without harm or injury. ”可知本段讲述weather the storm或者ride out the storm指安全度过；和第四段最后一句“To weather the storm can also mean to make it through a difficult experience or trying times. 可知第四段讲述To weather the storm指度过难关。故可知第三四段主要讲述weather the storm的意义是什么。故选A。

（2）推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“The calm before the storm can happen anytime. It is the time before something bad happens. ”可知暴风雨前的宁静任何事都可能发生，这是一段某些不好的事情将要发生的时间。接着作者用家庭聚会作为例子来解释这一种说法的含义，故选C。

（3）推理判断题。最后一段第二句“To brainstorm means to try to solve a problem by talking with other people. ”可知头脑风暴的意思是尝试通过与他人交流来解决一个问题，即困难可以通过团队合作来解决，故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。根据文章内容，如第五段提到暴风雨前的宁静，第六段讲“in the eye of