中考英语专题复习之介词

中考英语专题复习之介词
中考英语专题复习之介词

中考英语专题复习之介词

【知识梳理】

一、考查简单介词的用法

[知识链接]

(一)时间介词

1.at、in、on表示时间的区别

(1)at表示具体的时间点,常用于表示钟点及某些词组中。如:

at Christmas(在圣诞节);at six o’cl ock(在6点钟);

at night(在晚上);at the end of(在……结束时);

at the age of(在……岁时);at last(最终,最后)。

(2)in还可以表示从现在算起到若干时间以后,意为“在……时间后”,用于一般将来时或过去将来时态。

如:Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes?

你能在5分钟内画一匹好看的马吗?

(3)on用于表示确定的时间,具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等。如:

on December 1st,1994 (在1994年12月1日);on Teachers’ Day (在教师节)

on Monday morning (在星期一上午);on a cold morning (在一个寒冷的早晨);

on the night of October 22nd (在10月22日晚上);on Christmas Day (在圣诞节)。

注意:在以this,that,next,last,tomorrow,yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。如:I will go to Beijing next week.下周我将去北京。

2.for,since,from表示时间的区别

(1)“for+一段时间”意为“已经多长时间了”,强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间,可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。

如: She has worked there for four years.她已经在那里工作4年了。(2)since用作介词时,意为“自从,自……以后”,指从某一时间一直延续至今,后接时间点,通常与完成时连用。

如:The factory has been there since spring 1989.那家工厂自1989年春就在那里了。

注意:since还可以用作连词,用来引导一个时间状语从句。

如:Great changes have taken place since he left.自从他离开以后,这里发生了巨大的变化。

(3)from(from...to...)表示开始的时间,意为“从……”(“从……到……”),谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态。如:

Students go to school from Monday to Friday. 学生们周一至周五上学。

3.to,past,pass表时间的区别

(1)to介词,大于30分钟时,表示“差”。如:ten to seven (6:50)

(2)past介词,小于30分钟时,表示“过”。如:ten past six (6:10)

(3)pass动词,表示“经过,过去”。如:He passed by me.他从我身边经过。

4.其余表示时间的介词

(1)after指时间“在……以后”,后面接时间点或时间段均可。接时间段时,多和过去时连用;接时间点时,多和将来时连用。如:

He came back after a few days.几天后他回来了。

I’ll call you after 4:30.四点半以后我给你打电话。

(2)till/until表示“到……为止,直到……之时,直至”,在肯定句中要用延续性动词。如:

You’d better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上待到明天。

I shall wait un til ten o’clock.我将等到10点钟。

在否定句中,not...until...意为“直到……才……”,是连词,用来引导一个时间状语从句,谓语动词用短暂性动词。如:

I didn’t go to bed until eleven last night.昨天晚上直到11点钟我才睡觉。

(3)by 表示“不迟于”(not lat er than),常与完成时连用。如:by then到那时,by now到目前为止。

They had seen four English films by the end of last night.到昨天晚上为止他们已经看过四部英语电影。

(4)before指时间“在……以前”,后面一般接时间点。如:

I will get to Australia before Friday.我将于星期五之前到达澳大利亚。

(5)during表示“在……期间”,强调“自始至终”。如:

During those three months,he asked a lot of questions.在那三个月期间,他问了许多问题。

(二)方式介词

1.by,in,on表交通方式

用by时,交通工具前不用任何限定词;用on或in时,交通工具前用限定词。如:

Jenny goes to school by bike.詹妮骑自行车去上学。(by bike=on a bike) Mr. Green goes to work by car.格林先生开车去上班。(by car=in a car) 2.by,in,with表示手段或工具

(1)with后跟具体的工具。如:I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔做作业。

(2)in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料,语言、材料前不加冠词。如:

Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说吗?

(3)by表示用某种方式或手段,在名词前不加冠词,若后接动词,需将动词变为动名词形式。如:

This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工做的。

He makes a living by teaching.他靠教书为生。

(三)地点介词

1.in,at与on

(1)in表示地点,意为“在……内”,用于内部。如:

He put his hands in his pockets.他把手放进口袋。

(2)on意为“在……上面”,用于表面接触,指在一个平面上。如:

There was a carpet on the floor. 地板上铺着一块地毯。

(3)表示“在某地”时,at后接小地方,in后接大地方。如:

When did you arrive at the station? 你什么时候到车站的?

He was born in Wuhan.他出生在武汉。

(4)at还有“在……旁边”之意,如:

at the table在桌子旁边

2.above与below

above的意思是“在……之上” “高于……”,与物体表面不接触,表示相对高度,不一定是在正上方,它的反义词是below。如:

The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上面飞行。

The Dead Sea is below sea level.死海的海面低于海平线。

3.over与under

over的意思是“在……之上”,与物体表面不接触,表示垂直之上,

其反义词是under。如:

There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。

There is a boat under the bridge.桥下有一艘船。

4.by,beside与near

(1)by表示“在……旁边”,较near更近。如:My house is by the river.我的家在河边。

(2)beside表示“近旁”、“紧靠”,相当于next to。如:

Come and sit beside me.来坐在我的身旁。

(3)near意为“在……附近”,可以表示空间、时间关系等。如:

He sits near the window.他坐在窗户附近。

5.after与behind

(1)after表示位置关系,意为“在……的后面”。

如:Your name comes after mine in the list.名单上,你的名字列于我之后。

(2)behind表示位置,意为“在……后面”。如:

The boy was hiding behind a tree.那个男孩躲在一棵树后。

6.through, across, cross穿过

(1)through介词,纵穿(从空间穿过)。如:

The soldiers went through the forest.那些士兵穿过树林离开了。

(2)across介词,横穿(横过某个平面)。

如:He is walking across the street.他正在横过马路。

(3)cross动词,横穿(横过某个平面)。

如:He is crossing the street. 他正在横过马路。

7.among, between 在……之间

among在(三者或三者以上)之间;

between在(两者)之间。常用词组: between...and,如:

The man who is standing among t he students is Lily’s father.

站在学生中间的是莉莉的父亲。

I will be back between five and six.我将在5到6点之间回来。

8.in,on,to

in表示在范围之内(属于该范围);on表示与某一地区接壤;to表示隔海相望。

如:Guangdong is in the south of China. (广东属于中国。)

Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. (广东不属于湖南,但与湖南是毗邻关系。)

Japan is to the east of China. (日本不属于中国,而且隔海相望。)

9.outside与inside

outside意为“在……的外边”;inside意为“在……的里边,在……之内”。如:

A woman is waiting outside the office.一位妇女正在办公室门外等候。Don’t let the dog come inside the house.不要让狗进入房子里。

10.in front of与in the front of

in front of表示“在……之前”(范围外);in the front of表示“在……的前部(范围内)”。

如:There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有一些树。

Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.我们的老师经常坐在教室的前面。

[知识链接]

1.介词+动词的常见搭配

listen to听laugh at嘲笑get to到达look for寻找

get on/off上车/下车wait for等待hear from收到……的来信

worry about担心think of想起,认为look after照顾spend...on花费agree with同意do with处置depend on依靠talk about谈论turn on/off打开/关掉turn up/down调大/调小regard...as把……当作pay for付款knock at敲ask for请求,向……要

2.介词与形容词的常见搭配

be fond of喜欢be ready for为……做好准备be kind to 对……亲切

be sure about确信be busy with忙于be late for迟到

be afraid of害怕be good at擅长于be full of装满

3.介词+名词的常见搭配

by bike/bus/train骑自行车/乘公共汽车/乘火车on foot步行

with/without one’s help在有/没有某人的帮助下on time准时

on one’s way to在某人去……的路上to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是

at the end of在……尽头,末尾at the foot of在……的脚下

专项练习

1、Hong Kong is_______ the south of China.and Macau is________ the west of Hong Kong.

A.in,to B.to,to C.to,in D.in,in

2、When the temperature stay s _____ zero, we can’t s ee ice.

A. up

B. down

C. above

D. below

3、-When and where were you born?

-I was born_______ October 1st , 2019 _______Suzhou.

A. on; on

B. in; in

C. on; in

D. in; on

4、--Is there any relationship _______ smoking and health?

---Sure. People who do not smoke usually enjoy a longer and healthier life.

A. among

B. within C from D. between

5、Thanks ________ your last letter.

A.of B.from C.for D.to

6、We should do something to stop sandstorms ______ happening again and again.

A. from

B. on

C. by

D. to

7、Mr Wang is very strict. His students are afraid _______ him.

A. at

B. of

C. about

D. to

8、Have you got any books _______ science?

A. at

B. about

C. of

D. in

9、–What do you think of the report on the UFOs?

--Great! Many students were interested in it and they kept on standing ______ the end of the meeting.

A. until

B. in

C. at

D. by

10、 You must stand _______ line when you are waiting _______ a bus.

A. on; in

B. in; for

C. in; on

D. on; for

11、He took my English-Chinese dictionary mistake.

A. for

B. by

C. with

D. in

12、—Where is the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall?

—It’s here, ________ the Great Hall of the People and the Museums.

A. next to

B. between

C. over

D. among

13、Yao Ming is tall _________ short hair.

A. in

B. on

C. with

D. of

14、My mother has to work at weekends __________.

A. last night

B. best of all

C. from time to time

D. on earth

15、I can meet him_________ the morning___________ October 2nd.

A. on; in

B. in; of

C. on; of

D. in; in

16、—Did you and your family join in the trip?

—Yes. _____________ us, the Greens also went to the amusement park. A.Except B.Beside C.But D.Besides

17、I live my parents Nanjing.

A. with; in

B. in; with

C. in; in

D. with; with

18、 For girls, we have T-shirts ________ red, green and black ________ only $4 .

A. at; in

B. in; for

C. for; in

D. with; at

19、 Mary is flying to France soon. She will arrive ___ London ___ the morning of July 19.

A. to,on

B. in,on

C. in,in

D. at,in

20、 There is a new bridge ________ the river in front of my house.

A. on

B. over

C. above

D. near

21、Kathy always cares _____ what others say so much that she loses her own idea.

A. about B . much C little D of

22、They have sold _______ the trousers ________ your size.

A. out ; in

B. off ; with

C. away ; of

D. on ; in

参考答案

1、A

2、D

3、C

4、D

5、C

6、A

7、B

8、B

家庭是幼儿语言活动的重要环境,为了与家长配合做好幼儿阅读训练工作,孩子一入园就召开家长会,给家长提出早期抓好幼儿阅读的要求。我把幼儿在园里的阅读活动及阅读情况及时传递给家长,要求孩子回家向家长朗诵儿歌,表演故事。我和家长共同配合,一道训练,幼儿的阅读能力提高很快。9、A

单靠“死”记还不行,还得“活”用,姑且称之为“先死后活”吧。让学生把一周看到或听到的新鲜事记下来,摒弃那些假话套话空话,写出自己的真情实感,篇幅可长可短,并要求运用积累的成语、名言警句等,定期检查点评,选择优秀篇目在班里朗读或展出。这样,即巩固了所学的材料,又锻炼了学生的写作能力,同时还培养了学生的观察能力、思维能力等等,达到“一石多鸟”的效果。10、B

11、B

12、B

语文课本中的文章都是精选的比较优秀的文章,还有不少名家名篇。如果有选择循序渐进地让学生背诵一些优秀篇目、精彩段落,对提高学生的水平会大有裨益。现在,不少语文教师在分析课文时,把文章解

体的支离破碎,总在文章的技巧方面下功夫。结果教师费劲,学生头疼。分析完之后,学生收效甚微,没过几天便忘的一干二净。造成这种事倍功半的尴尬局面的关键就是对文章读的不熟。常言道“书读百遍,其义自见”,如果有目的、有计划地引导学生反复阅读课文,或细读、默读、跳读,或听读、范读、轮读、分角色朗读,学生便可以在读中自然领悟文章的思想内容和写作技巧,可以在读中自然加强语感,增强语言的感受力。久而久之,这种思想内容、写作技巧和语感就会自然渗透到学生的语言意识之中,就会在写作中自觉不自觉地加以运用、创造和发展。13、C

14、C

15、C

16、D

17、A

18、B

19、B

20、B

21、A

22、A

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