人教版高二必修五第一单元知识点
高二英语必修五unit1知识点

高二英语必修五unit1知识点高二英语必修五Unit 1知识点Unit 1 in the textbook for the second year of high school English covers various knowledge points and topics that are important for students to master. In this unit, students will learn about different aspects of human behavior, personal qualities, and social interactions. The following are some key knowledge points that students should focus on:1. Vocabulary and key phrases:- Learn and understand the meanings of new words and phrases introduced in the unit.- Pay attention to collocations and idiomatic expressions related to the unit theme.- Practice using the new vocabulary in context to improve comprehension and fluency.2. Reading comprehension:- Read and understand the main ideas and supporting details in various authentic texts, such as articles, essays, and interviews.- Identify the writer's purpose and tone in different types of texts.- Develop strategies for scanning and skimming to locate specific information quickly.3. Grammar and language use:- Review and apply the appropriate use of tenses, including present simple, present continuous, and past simple.- Practice using reported speech and understand the changes in verb tense and pronoun usage.- Develop skills in using adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions to enhance writing and speaking.4. Writing skills:- Study different types of writing formats, such as narratives, essays, and reports.- Learn how to effectively organize ideas and paragraphs in writing.- Practice using linking words and phrases to create coherence and cohesion in writing.- Work on improving grammar accuracy and vocabulary variety in written assignments.5. Speaking and listening skills:- Participate in class discussions and group activities to practice expressing opinions and ideas.- Develop note-taking skills for listening to lectures, presentations, and conversations.- Focus on listening for specific information, inference, and understanding implied meanings.- Work on pronunciation, intonation, and fluency in spoken English.6. Culture and cross-cultural understanding:- Explore cultural differences and similarities through reading and discussion.- Research and present information about different customs, traditions, and social norms.- Discuss the importance of cultural awareness and empathy in interpersonal communication.It is essential for students to devote sufficient time and effort to understand and internalize the knowledge points covered in Unit 1.Regular practice and revision will help students improve their language skills and achieve success in their English studies.。
高中数学必修5知识点总结归纳(人教版最全)

高中数学必修五知识点汇总第一章 解三角形 一、知识点总结 正弦定理:1.正弦定理:2sin sin sin a b cR A B C=== (R 为三角形外接圆的半径).步骤1.证明:在锐角△ABC 中,设BC=a,AC=b,AB=c 。
作CH ⊥AB 垂足为点H CH=a ·sinB CH=b ·sinA ∴a ·sinB=b ·sinA得到b ba a sin sin =同理,在△ABC 中, bbc c sin sin =步骤2.证明:2sin sin sin a b cR A B C===如图,任意三角形ABC,作ABC 的外接圆O. 作直径BD 交⊙O 于D. 连接DA.因为直径所对的圆周角是直角,所以∠DAB=90°因为同弧所对的圆周角相等,所以∠D 等于∠C.所以C RcD sin 2sin ==故2sin sin sin a b c R A B C ===2.正弦定理的一些变式:()sin sin sin i a b c A B C ::=::;()sin ,sin ,sin 22a bii A B C R R==2c R =;()2sin ,2sin ,2sin iii a R A b R B b R C ===;(4)R CB A cb a 2sin sin sin =++++ 3.两类正弦定理解三角形的问题:(1)已知两角和任意一边,求其他的两边及一角.(2)已知两边和其中一边的对角,求其他边角.(可能有一解,两解,无解) 4.在ABC ∆中,已知a,b 及A 时,解得情况: 解法一:利用正弦定理计算解法二:分析三角形解的情况,可用余弦定理做,已知a,b 和角A ,则由余弦定理得 即可得出关于c 的方程:0cos 2222=-+-a b Ac b c 分析该方程的解的情况即三角形解的情况 ①△=0,则三角形有一解 ②△>0则三角形有两解 ③△<0则三角形无解 余弦定理:1.余弦定理: 2222222222cos 2cos 2cos a b c bc A b a c ac B c b a ba C ⎧=+-⎪=+-⎨⎪=+-⎩2.推论: 222222222cos 2cos 2cos 2b c a A bc a c b B ac b a c C ab ⎧+-=⎪⎪+-⎪=⎨⎪⎪+-=⎪⎩.设a 、b 、c 是C ∆AB 的角A 、B 、C 的对边,则: ①若222a b c +=,则90C =; ②若222a b c +>,则90C <; ③若222a b c +<,则90C >.3.两类余弦定理解三角形的问题:(1)已知三边求三角.(2)已知两边和他们的夹角,求第三边和其他两角. 面积公式:已知三角形的三边为a,b,c,1.111sin ()222a S ah ab C r a b c ===++(其中r 为三角形内切圆半径)2.设)(21c b a p ++=,))()((c p b p a p p S ---=(海伦公式)例:已知三角形的三边为,、、c b a 设)(21c b a p ++=,求证:(1)三角形的面积))()((c p b p a p p S ---=; (2)r 为三角形的内切圆半径,则pc p b p a p r ))()((---=(3)把边BC 、CA 、AB 上的高分别记为,、、c b h h a h 则))()((2c p b p a p p ah a ---=))()((2c p b p a p p b h b ---=))()((2c p b p a p p ch c ---=证明:(1)根据余弦定理的推论:222cos 2a b c C ab+-=由同角三角函数之间的关系,sin C ==代入1sin 2S ab C =,得12S ====记1()2p a b c =++,则可得到1()2b c a p a +-=-,1()2c a b p b +-=-,1()2a b c p c +-=-代入可证得公式(2)三角形的面积S 与三角形内切圆半径r 之间有关系式122S p r pr =⨯⨯=其中1()2p a b c =++,所以S r p == 注:连接圆心和三角形三个顶点,构成三个小三角形,则大三角形的面积就是三个小三角形面积的和 故得:pr cr br ar S =++=212121(3)根据三角形面积公式12a S a h =⨯⨯所以,2a S h a =a h =同理b h c h 【三角形中的常见结论】(1)π=++C B A (2) sin()sin ,A B C +=cos()cos ,A B C +=-tan()tan ,A B C +=-2cos 2sinC B A =+,2sin 2cos CB A =+;A A A cos sin 22sin ⋅=, (3)若⇒>>C B A c b a >>⇒C B A sin sin sin >> 若C B A sin sin sin >>⇒c b a >>⇒C B A >> (大边对大角,小边对小角)(4)三角形中两边之和大于第三边,两边之差小于第三边 (5)三角形中最大角大于等于 60,最小角小于等于 60(6) 锐角三角形⇔三内角都是锐角⇔三内角的余弦值为正值⇔任两角和都是钝角⇔任意两边的平方和大于第三边的平方.钝角三角形⇔最大角是钝角⇔最大角的余弦值为负值 (7)ABC ∆中,A,B,C 成等差数列的充要条件是 60=B .(8) ABC ∆为正三角形的充要条件是A,B,C 成等差数列,且a,b,c 成等比数列. 二、题型汇总:题型1:判定三角形形状判断三角形的类型(1)利用三角形的边角关系判断三角形的形状:判定三角形形状时,可利用正余弦定理实现边角转化,统一成边的形式或角的形式.(2)在ABC ∆中,由余弦定理可知:222222222是直角ABC 是直角三角形是钝角ABC 是钝角三角形是锐角a b c A a b c A a b c A =+⇔⇔∆>+⇔⇔∆<+⇔⇔ABC 是锐角三角形∆(注意:是锐角A ⇔ABC 是锐角三角形∆) (3) 若B A 2sin 2sin =,则A=B 或2π=+B A .例1.在ABC ∆中,A b c cos 2=,且ab c b a c b a 3))((=-+++,试判断ABC ∆形状.题型2:解三角形及求面积一般地,把三角形的三个角A,B,C 和它们的对边a,b,c 叫做三角形的元素.已知三角形的几个元素求其他元素的过程叫做解三角形.例2.在ABC ∆中,1=a ,3=b ,030=∠A ,求的值例3.在ABC ∆中,内角C B A ,,对边的边长分别是c b a ,,,已知2=c ,3π=C .(Ⅰ)若ABC ∆的面积等于3,求a ,b(Ⅱ)若A A B C 2sin 2)(sin sin =-+,求ABC ∆的面积.题型3:证明等式成立证明等式成立的方法:(1)左⇒右,(2)右⇒左,(3)左右互相推.例4.已知ABC ∆中,角C B A ,,的对边分别为c b a ,,,求证:B c C b a cos cos +=.题型4:解三角形在实际中的应用考察:(仰角、俯角、方向角、方位角、视角)例5.如图所示,货轮在海上以40km/h 的速度沿着方位角(从指北方向顺时针转到目标方向线的水平转角)为140°的方向航行,为了确定船位,船在B 点观测灯塔A 的方位角为110°,航行半小时到达C 点观测灯塔A 的方位角是65°,则货轮到达C 点时,与灯塔A 的距离是多少?三、解三角形的应用 1.坡角和坡度:坡面与水平面的锐二面角叫做坡角,坡面的垂直高度h 和水平宽度l 的比叫做坡度,用i 表示,根据定义可知:坡度是坡角的正切,即tan i α=.lhα2.俯角和仰角:如图所示,在同一铅垂面内,在目标视线与水平线所成的夹角中,目标视线在水平视线的上方时叫做仰角,目标视线在水平视线的下方时叫做俯角.3. 方位角从指北方向顺时针转到目标方向线的水平角,如B点的方位角为 .注:仰角、俯角、方位角的区别是:三者的参照不同。
人教版数学必修五知识点总结

第一章 解三角形1、内角和定理:(1)三角形三角和为π,任意两角和与第三个角总互补,任意两半角和与第三个角的半角总互余.(2)锐角三角形⇔三内角都是锐角⇔三内角的余弦值为正值⇔任两角和都是钝角⇔任意两边的平方和大于第三边的平方.2、正弦定理:2sin sin sin a b c R A B C===(R 为三角形外接圆的半径).C R c B R b A R a C B A c b a sin 2,sin 2,sin 2)2(;sin :sin :sin ::)1(====)(3解三角形:已知三角形的几个元素求另外几个元素的过程。
⎩⎨⎧,可求其它元素已知两边和一边的对角可求其它边和角已知两角和任意一边, 注意:已知两边一对角,求解三角形,若用正弦定理,则务必注意可能有两解.3、余弦定理:⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-+=-+=-+=C ab b a c B ac c a b A bc c b a cos 2cos 2cos 2222222222(求边) 或 (求角)⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧-+=-+=-+=ab c b a C ac b c a B bc a c b A 2cos 2cos 2cos 222222222 ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧求其它已知两边和一边对角,已知三边求所有三个角已知两边一角求第三边(注:常用余弦定理鉴定三角形的类型). 4、三角形面积公式:R abc B ac A bc Cab ah S a 4sin 21sin 21sin 2121=⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧==. 5、解三角形应用(1)在视线和水平线所成的角中,视线在水平线上方的角叫仰角;视线在水平线下方的角叫俯角。
(2)从正北方向顺时针转到目标方向的水平角叫方位角。
(3)坡面与水平面所成的二面角度数的正切值叫做坡度。
(4)解斜三角形应用题的一般步骤:分析→建模→求解→检验第二章 数 列1.数列的通项、数列的项数,递推公式与递推数列,数列的通项与数列的前n 项和公式的关系:{11,(1),(2)n n n S n a S S n -==-≥(必要时请分类讨论). 注意:112211()()()n n n n n a a a a a a a a ---=-+-++-+;121121n n n n n a a a a a a a a ---=⋅⋅⋅⋅. 2.等差数列{}n a 中: (1)等差数列公差的取值与等差数列的单调性..000R d d d d d ∈⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧→<→=→>的取值为,可知数列单调递减数列为常数列数列单调递增 (2)1(1)n a a n d =+-()m a n m d =+-;p q m n p q m n a a a a +=+⇒+=+.(3){}n n b a 21λλ+、{}n ka 也成等差数列.(4)在等差数列{}n a 中,若.0),(,=≠==+n m n m a n m m a n a 则(5)1211,,m k k k m a a a a a a ++-++++++仍成等差数列. (6)1()2n n n a a S +=,1(1)2n n n S na d -=+,21()22n d d S n a n =+-,2121n n S a n -=-,。
(完整版)人教版高二数学必修5知识点归纳(最完整版).doc

现在的努力就是为了实现小时候吹下的牛逼——标必修五数学知识点归纳资料第一章 解三角形1、三角形的性质:①.A+B+C=,sin( A B) sin C , cos( A B) cosCA B2C sinA2 B cosC222②.在 ABC 中 , a b >c , a b < c ; A > Bsin A > sin B ,A > BcosA < cosB, a >bA >B ③.若 ABC 为锐角,则 A B > ,B+C >,A+C > ;222a 2b 2 >c 2 , b 2 c 2 > a 2 , a 2 + c 2 > b 22、正弦定理与余弦定理:①.正弦定理:abc 2R (2R 为 ABC 外接圆的直径 )sin Bsin Asin Ca 2R sin A 、b 2Rsin B 、c 2R sin C(边化角)sin Aa 、 sin Bb 、 sin Cc(角化边)2R2R 2R面积公式: S ABC1ab sin C1bc sin A1ac sin B222②. 余 弦 定 理 : a 2b 2c 2 2bc cos A、 b 2 a 2 c 22ac cos B 、c 2a 2b 22ab cosCcos A b 2 c 2 a 2 、 cos B a 2 c 2 b 2 、 cosCa 2b 2c 2 (角化边)2bc 2ac2ab补充:两角和与差的正弦、余弦和正切公式:⑴ coscos cos sin sin ;⑵ coscos cos sin sin ; ⑶ sinsin cos cos sin ;⑷ sinsin coscos sin ;⑸ tantan tan( tantantan1 tan tan);1 tantan现在的努力就是为了实现小时候吹下的牛逼——标⑹ tantan tan( tantantan1 tan tan).1 tan tan二倍角的正弦、余弦和正切公式:⑴ sin 2 2sin cos . 1 sin 2sin 2cos 22 sincos(sincos )2⑵ cos2cos 2sin 22cos 2 1 1 2sin 2升幂公式 1 cos2 cos 2 ,1 cos2 sin 222降幂公式 cos2cos2 1, sin 21 cos2 .223、常见的解题方法:(边化角或者角化边)第二章 数列1、数列的定义及数列的通项公式:①.a n( ) ,数列是定义域为 N 的函数 f (n) ,当 n 依次取 , , 时的一列函f n1 2 数值②. a n 的求法:i. 归纳法ii.a nS 1 , n 10 ,则 a n 不分段;若 S 00 ,则 a n 分段S n S n若 S 01, n 2iii. 若 a n 1pa nq ,则可设 a n 1 m p(a n m) 解得 m,得等比数列 a n miv.若 S nf (a n ) ,先求 a 1 ,再构造方程组 : S n f (a n )得到关于 a n 1 和 a n 的递推S n 1 f (a n 1 )关系式例如:2 a n 1S n 2a n 12a n 1 2a nS n 先求 a 1 ,再构造方程组:(下减上) a n 1Sn 12a n 1 12. 等差数列:① 定义: a n 1 a n = d (常数) , 证明数列是等差数列的重要工具。
高二英语必修5unit1知识点

高二英语必修5unit1知识点高二英语必修5 Unit 1 知识点Unit 1: Great Scientists本单元主要介绍了一些伟大的科学家及其重要发现的知识点。
以下是本单元的知识要点:1. 托马斯·爱迪生(Thomas Edison)- 美国发明家和企业家- 创造了电灯、留声机等众多发明- 他的发明对现代科技产生了深远的影响2. 亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔(Alexander Graham Bell)- 苏格兰裔美国科学家、发明家和教育家- 发明了电话,这一发明引领了通信革命3. 汤姆逊(Tomson)- 英国物理学家- 发现了电子,为后来的电子学奠定了基础- 曾获诺贝尔物理学奖4. 约翰·戴尔顿(John Dalton)- 英国化学家和气象学家- 创立了原子理论,为现代化学奠定了基础5. 爱因斯坦(Albert Einstein)- 德裔美籍犹太人,理论物理学家- 发现了相对论和光量子假设- 他的发现对于现代物理学产生了巨大影响,曾获诺贝尔物理学奖6. 牛顿(Isaac Newton)- 英国物理学家、数学家和天文学家- 发现了万有引力定律和三大运动定律- 他的贡献奠定了经典物理学的基础7. 伽利略(Galileo Galilei)- 意大利物理学家、数学家和天文学家- 运用望远镜证明了地球绕太阳转,站在科学与教会之间的冲突中- 他的实验奠定了现代天文学的基础8. 达尔文(Charles Darwin)- 英国博物学家、生物学家- 提出了进化论,对现代生物学产生了深远的影响- 他的著作《物种起源》改变了人们对生命起源和发展的认识9. 奥斯特瓦德(Gregor Mendel)- 捷克奥地利籍的匈牙利籍的神父和生物学家- 发现了遗传规律,创建了现代遗传学- 他的实验为后来的分子生物学和遗传工程奠定了基础10. 居里夫人(Marie Curie)- 波兰物理学家和化学家- 发现了镭元素,为放射性理论及现代核物理学的发展做出了重大贡献- 是第一个获得两次诺贝尔奖的女性科学家总结:本单元我们了解了一些伟大的科学家及其重要发现,这些科学家们的贡献对于人类的科学发展产生了深远的影响,改变了我们对于世界和宇宙的认识。
人教版高中英语必修五book5 unit1 reading知识点

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注意:
immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等 与 every time一样,都可以用作连词引导时间 状语从句,意为 “一…..就”。
e.g. I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.
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1.Who put forward a theory about black holes. 谁提出了黑洞理论
put forward (1) 提出(+表示建议,计划等的名 词)= come up with
e.g. put forward a very good suggestion/plan 提出了一个很好的建议 /计划
Smith. 昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生. 7
(2) expose ① 使暴露于;使接触到 expose sth/sb to 使…暴露于…;使面临;
使遭受(危险,攻击等) be exposed to 招致,遭受 翻译:呆在户内,别把你的皮肤暴露于太阳底下 Keep indoors and don’t expose your skin to the sun.
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5.deadly (1) adj. 致命的,致死的;毒性的 e.g. This is a deadly poison. 这是一种致命的毒药。 (2) adv. ①死一般地 e.g. His face was deadly pale. 他的脸死一般地苍白。 ② 非常,极度地 e.g. The air was deadly cold. 空气极度寒冷。
(2) 把...向前拨
人教版英语必修五第一单元知识点ppt课件

• the way of doing sth.= the way to do … “做….. 的方法”
• 她给我们示范清洗它的办法.
• She showed us the way of cleaning it.= She showed us the way to clean it.
• the way引导的定语从句的引导词有三种, 可以用that;可以用in which;还可以省略.
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4. So many people pass ___ and never notice
the change.
1.passed from 2. down 3.on 4.by
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5 Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?是谁发明了把电带给 大城市中的每个人的办法?
• 内行厨师
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10 attend • (1)to be present at 出席,到场. 如: • attend school 上学 • attend a lecture 听讲座 • attend church 去教堂 • attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼
(2)to take good care of (a sick person, for example) 照看,照料.如:The doctor attended (on / upon) the
那些都是事实,你能从中得出什么结论?
Conclude (from sth) that (从某事)得出结论
The teacher concluded the class by one sentence.
高二英语必修五第一单元知识点讲解(重要)

必修5 Unit1 Great scientistsPart 1. Warming up1.explain及物动词(vt.)解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。
Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。
不及物动词(vi.)解释;说明;辩解I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。
2.characteristicn. 特征;特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 如此迟钝是他的特性。
3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?put forward 提出(建议等);提名;提前,把时钟往前拨He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。
May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席?[归纳拓展]put down 记下;镇压put out 关掉;熄灭put aside 放在一边;储存;保留put off 推迟;延期put up 建造;举起;张贴put on 穿上put away 收好选词填空(put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out)①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful.②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road.③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center.④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today.Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific researchhow to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构,该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
人教版高二英语 必修五unit1 知识点

Unit 1 知识点1.characteristic 特征特性character n 角色,主角2.put forward 提出,推荐,把…提前,拨快(钟)put forward a good suggesion 提出put you forward as 推荐你为…You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.put oneself forward 毛遂自荐,出风头put forward the production 促进生产【词语联想】Ø put away: 收起来;贮存,储蓄Ø put down: 放下;写下,记下Ø put off: 推迟;延期Ø put up: 张贴;撑开(帐篷),留。
过夜Ø put on: 穿上;增加;上演(戏剧)put on weight: 增加了体重put on a new play: 上演新戏剧3.conclude v 结束推断出conclusion n. draw a conclusion (that )得出结论come to/ draw/ reach/ arrive at a conclusion结束,告一段落,得出一个结论。
In conclusion=finally最后Conclude sth .(from sth.) that 推断出断定4.analyse 分析analysis n. analyses 复数analytical adj.5.infect传染Infectious adj Be infected with被…感染上defeat sb 主要指战场上打败某人,也可指比赛beat sb 游戏或比赛win +比赛,辩论,奖品等Ø defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。
人教版高中语文必修五1第一单元知识点梳理课件

然而守旧的人一定遭人厌恶,一无是处吗?小 说中,别里科夫教授古代语言文字,他的工作 勾连着古今的知识和思想,承担着积累传播古 代知识文化经验的使命。我们熟知的王国维、 罗振玉、辜鸿铭三位近代名人,他们思想上始 终忠诚于清王朝,清王朝覆灭后,依然拖着猪 尾巴似的鞭子,怀念旧王朝,王国维最终还投 湖自绝了,固然他们的愚忠和守旧让人们感到 不屑,但是他们的学术成就达到的水平,现在 是没有人能够比得上的。他们为我们积累了大 量的知识财富。
(10)碎琼乱玉: 比喻地上的雪。 (11)天理昭然: 迷信说法,认为天能分辨善恶,
主持公道,会给善恶以相应的报应。 (12)情理难容: 指在人情和事理两迫进行反抗或不得不做
某种事。
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1.《林教头风雪山神庙》 ———英雄的 泪
当我们看到英雄在刀光剑影中风光无限时,我 们会为英雄叫好鼓掌,但当英雄在无可奈何的 命运前潦倒落魄时,谁又能为他们擦去脸上的 的泪?其实,英雄并不是就永远伫立在风中。 就像辛弃疾的醉里挑灯看剑,就像陆游的铁马 冰河入梦,就像岳飞的回朝请命。英雄也会因 苍生而酸楚,也会因失败而彷徨。就如林冲刺 字于脸而依旧忍气吞声,就如韩信爬于胯下而 依旧默不作声,就如史迁遭遇宫刑而依然隐忍 苟活。虽然如此,他们依旧是英雄。
6
(30)老鹳河(guàn)(31)泅水(qiú) (32)傩送(nuó)(33)闭气氽(tǔn) (34)蚱蜢(zhà měng)(35)鞶鼓(pán) (36)踹水(chuài)(37)碧溪岨(jū) (38)悖时(bèi)(39)喧阗(tián) (40)棕榈(lǘ)(41)俨然(yǎn) (42)角隅(yú)(43)睨着(nì) (44)糍粑(cíbā)
削xi āo铅笔 祈q í祷d ǎo 辖xiá制 胆怯qiè 憎z ēng恶 撮cu ō 滑稽j ī 讥诮qi ào 谗ch án言 无恙y àng 怔zh èng住 怂sǒng恿y ǒng 战战兢兢j īng
人教版高三语文必修五第一单元重点知识点

【宇宙的未來】1.背景鏈接宇宙是怎樣誕生的?它從何而來?又向哪里去?史蒂芬·霍金教授寫的《時間簡史》給了我們這樣的回答:我們現在生活的宇宙有自己的歷史起點,它大約誕生於150億年前,那時,宇宙只是一個點,不佔有空間,也沒有時間的概念。
在這一點發生了大爆炸,時間和空間從此開始,物質開始形成。
最初,宇宙的溫度極高,隨著時間的推移,空間越來越大,溫度越來越低,宇宙中的能量與物質不斷發生複雜的反應,逐漸形成星系。
空間繼續擴大、膨脹,直到今天,宇宙仍然在膨脹之中。
大約在距今50億年前,太陽形成。
大約在距今46億年前,地球形成。
宇宙繼續膨脹,將來也會膨脹,也許在膨脹到一定程度後,宇宙開始收縮,可能會收縮成一個點,一個不佔有空間的點。
到那時,時間結束。
到底會不會這樣,現在還說不定。
大爆炸之前是怎麼回事,不知道。
永遠也無法知道。
?這就是大爆炸宇宙的基本理論。
《時間簡史》出版於1988年,《宇宙的未來》是史蒂芬·霍金1991年在劍橋大學的一次講演錄。
本文重點是談作者對宇宙的未來作出的科學預言,閱讀時要準確地篩選出這些預言的觀點和支撐這些觀點的材料。
同時,還應該體會這篇講演在語言上的幽默特點。
2.作者簡介史蒂芬·霍金是繼阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦之後最傑出的物理學家。
霍金1942年出生於英國牛津,先後就讀於牛津大學和劍橋大學,學習語文、物理學和宇宙學。
1963年,霍金經診斷得了肌萎縮性側索硬化症。
這種病會引起肌肉萎縮,導致癱瘓;說話會越來越困難,直至完全喪失語言能力;患者通常因併發肺炎或窒息而死亡。
不過,患者的思維能力包括記憶能力不受影響。
醫生告訴霍金他最多只能活兩年。
在經歷了一段短暫的失望和沮喪後,霍金又開始了他的宇宙學研究。
霍金後來在相對論、“大爆炸”和黑洞等領域取得了突出的研究成果。
霍金1988年出版的宇宙學著作《時間簡史:從大爆炸到黑洞》,是一部裏程碑式的暢銷書。
霍金被確診患病已三十多年,但他仍孜孜於宇宙起源的理論研究,仍在為大統一理論而耕耘不已。
人教版必修五Unit1 Great Scientists 单词讲解

(一)词汇篇
主讲老师:***
Characteristic
n: 特点,特征,品质
1. quality 品质 2. feature 特点 特色 3. Character 特点
adj: 独特的,典型的
1.Special 特别的 2.Particular 独特的 3. typical 典型的
当Only if 条件状语从句放在句首的时候,且中间无逗号时主句要进行倒装
Only if you work hard can you make progress.
set 的其他词组:
1. Set off 离开,动身 2. Set up 建立 创建 3. Set aside 把…放到一旁,留出 4. Set down 写下 记下
Take in 吸入;领会,理解;欺骗
Take 的其他词组:
1. Take apart 拆开 2. Take back 撤回 退回 3. Take on 呈现 承担(责任) 4. Take over 接手,接管 5. Take … for granted 认为…理所当然 6. Take up 开始从事,占据空间,占用时间 7. Take off 脱下 起飞
announce that…. 宣布 ……
1. it is said that 据说
It is
announced
that
…据宣布(it是形式主语)
2. 3.
it is reported that 据报道 it is believed that 人们相信
4. it is well-known that 众所周知
indicate / infer from / learn from
高二英语人教课标必修5 unit1_知识点讲解.

功能 语法
描述人物(Describing people: characteristics and qualities)
过去分词作定语和表语(The Past Participle as the Attribute and the Predicative)
英语(人教版 ·必修5)
答案:B
课 后 强 化 作 业
英语(人教版 ·必修5) 2.characteristic
重 点 词 汇 重 点 短 语 难 点 解 析
Unit 1
Great scientists
1)adj.~(of sb./sth.) 典型的;独特的;特有的
①Sympathy is the characteristic feeling of mankind. 同情心是人类特有的感情。
Unit 1
Great scientists
重 点 词 汇 重 点 短 语 难 点 解 析
课 后 强 化 作 业
英语(人教版 ·必修5)
Unit 1
Great scientists
重 点 词 汇 重 点 短 语 难 点 解 析
1.discover v. 发现;发觉 ①Columbus discovered American in 1492.
课 后 强 化 作 业
英语(人教版 ·必修5) 活学活用
重 点 词 汇 重 点 短 语 难 点 解 析
Unit 1
Great scientists
Please go and________when the train leaves.
A.find C.discover B.find out D.invent
重 点 词 汇 重 点 短 语 难 点 解 析
高中语文必修五第一单元知识点总结

高中语文必修五第一单元知识点总结高中语文必修五第一单元知识点单元目标1.理解作品蕴含的感情,了解作者的意图。
2.分析情节,理清情节是怎样展开的,矛盾又是怎样解决的。
3.体会语言在刻画人物、表现主题、渲染环境等方面的作用。
重点难点分析人物、情节、环境对小说表现主题的作用。
课时安排2课时一、字音赏赉lài赍发jī酒馔zhuàn撰写zhuàn尴尬gān gà央浼měi朔风shuò漫溯sù迤逦yǐlǐ逶迤wēi yí虚与委蛇yí挟持xié汗流浃背jiā庇佑bì惬意qiè斟酌zhēn zhuó酩酊大醉mǐng dǐng悖时bèi 蠕动rú儒生rú懦弱nuò娇嗔chēn瞋目而视chēn憎恶zēng慷慨kǎi 气概gài言简意赅gāi战战兢兢jīng撮合cuō一撮毛zuǒ篡改cuàn编纂zuǎn怂恿sǒng yǒng踮起diǎn掂量diān 游说shuì说服shuō讥诮qiào提防dī河堤dī模样mú模型mó泅水qiú胡诌zhōu二、字形胡诌谄媚湍急踹门惴惴不安玷污拈轻怕重眷恋誊写荣誉遐想瑕疵应接不暇木讷方枘圆凿辍学拾掇连缀啜泣厮杀震撼遗憾委曲求全屈指可数竹竿揭竿而起陶冶三、近义词1.妨碍·妨害(1)这个大柜子放在这里,妨碍走路。
(√)(2)雨水过多,会妨害农作物的生长。
(√)2.化妆·化装(1)青少年一般不需要用化妆品。
(√)(2)他本是一个心理医生,却化妆成乞丐模样。
(×)3.申明·声明(1)我国政府严正申明,我们在任何时候都不会首先使用核武器。
(√)(2)他刚才已经声明了我方的严正立场。
(√)4.纷纷扬扬·沸沸扬扬(1)面对纷纷扬扬到处飘飞的人民币,围观群众疯狂抢钱,原来是一家商场在搞开业庆典。
新高二必看人教版必修5核心知识点、考点全汇总

新高二必看!人教版必修5核心知识点、考点全汇总今天,为大家分享的是人教版课本必修5重点词汇、短语、句型和单元语法,方便高二同学暑期预习。
Unit 1 Great scientists【重点词汇、短语】1. put forward 提出2. conclude 结束,结论3. draw a conclusion 得出结论4. defeat 打败5. attend 照顾,护理,出席6. expose to 使显露7. cure 治愈,治疗8. challenge 挑战9. suspect 怀疑,被怀疑者10. blame 责备11. handle 柄,把手,处理,掌控12. link 联系,连接13. link to 将…和…连接14. announce 宣布15. contribute 捐献,贡献16. apart from 除了17. be strict with 对…严格18. make sense 讲的通,有意义19. spin 使旋转20. reject 拒绝,抛弃【重点句型】1. What do you know about infectious diseases? 你对传染性疾病了解多少?2. John Snow was a famous doctor in London – so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰•斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛,因而成为维多利亚女王的私人大夫。
3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助患了霍乱的普通老百姓,他就感到很振奋。
4. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。
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必修五U1Great scientistsSection Ⅰ1.put forward(1)提出,提议,建议【搭配】Put forward a plan/a suggestion /a proposal 提出计划/建议/提议(2)拨快(时钟指针);将…提前Put your watch forward ;it is five minutes slow.We’ve put forward the date of our wedding by one week.(3)=recommend 推荐,荐举Can I put you forward for club secretary ?“提出”之意:Come up withBring upRaise【词汇拓展】Put down 放下;镇压;写下Put…in force 使…生效Put off延期Put out 扑灭,使熄灭;生产Put up with容忍Put in 把…写进(信函,故事等)Put away 收拾好;储存Put …into practice 实施,实行Put on 穿上;上演;假装Put up 举起;搭建;张贴;留…住宿Put aside 把…撇在一边不理,不考虑Put through 给…接通电话;完成Eg: Jack put away the things on the desk, put on his coat and went out of his office because he couldn’t Put up with his boss’s attitude. The meeting where he would be originally put forward as a manager was put off till the next week.他本来要被推荐为经理的会议被推迟到下周举行2.conclusion n.[C] 结论;[常用复数]结束【搭配】Arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论Make a conclusion 下结论;结束In conclusion 总之;最后The expert came to the conclusion that there were many people infected with cholera.这位专家得出了结论:许多人得了霍乱Without supporting evidence, we can’t make a conclusion .In conclusion ,I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.【词汇连接】In conclusion 在写作中常做总结语使用,意为“最后,总之”,它的同义短语有in a word, in summary ,all in all ,on the whole, in brief【词汇拓展】Conclude v.得出结论,推断出;使结束,终止Sth from sth 从…推断出…/断定….ConcludeFrom sth that …从…推断出…/断定….With sthConclude (sth ) 以….结束(….)By doing sthTo conclude =in conclusion 总之Eg:I concluded from their words that they were against the plan .He concluded his class with a story.To conclude (=in conclusion ),I wish you a Happy New Year.最后….Decide –decisionExplode- explosionPersuade –persuasion3.defeatVt.战胜;打败;使受挫 n.[C,U]失败,击败John Snow defeated cholera which was a deadly disease of its day.约翰·斯诺战胜了当时是致命疾病的霍乱They hoped to defeat the enemy at sea.The painter was a man who hated to admit defeat.这个画家是个不愿认输的人【辨析】【拓展】打鼓用beat,敲门用knock,钟敲几点用strike,Yesterday I defeated /beat John in the match. He won only one set, while I won two. 他只赢了一局,而我赢了两局4.attend.(1)v.照顾;护理;专心;注意Attend (to)sb 照料/关怀某人Attend to sth 处理/专心于某事Eg:There was no one to attend her but Tina .---Would you like to join us in the game ?---I’m afraid not, for I have something important to attend to.(2)vt. 出席,参加【搭配】Attend a meeting/a lecture/school【辨析】5.expose vt.暴露;揭露;是曝光;使接触;使体验Expose …to …. 使…暴露于…;使遭受Be exposed to 暴露于;接触Eg:Don’t expose babies to strong sunlight.Wounds that are exposed to the air heal more quickly.The scientist attended a meeting last week where many experts discussed how to prevent people from being exposed to polluted water.会上许多专家谈论了如何让人们远离被污染的水Potatoes turn green when exposed to light.The film has been exposed.这卷胶卷曝光了6.cure n.治愈,痊愈 v.治愈某人,解决问题A cure for…治疗…药物(方法)Cure sb of sth 治好某人的…病;矫正,改正(某人的不良行为)Eg: There is still no cure for AIDS.Many people believe that prison isn’t a cure for crime.许多人认为监禁解决不了犯罪的问题The physician cured him of his illness.【词汇连接】Warn sb of sthRob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物Inform sb of sth 通知某人某物Rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某事Convince sb of sth 说服某人某事Cheat sb of sth 欺骗某人某事Accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事Remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事、使某人想起某事Suspect sb of (doing ) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事【辨析】7.challenge n./vt.(1)n.挑战Accept /take up a challenge 接受挑战Face/meet a challenge 面对挑战,应对挑战A challenge to 对…的挑战To defeat cholera of its day was a real challenge to many scientist .当时战胜霍乱对许多科学家来说是一个真正的挑战(2)vt.向…挑战;对…质疑;对…怀疑Challenge sb to (do)sthMike challenged me to (play)another tennis game.challenge sb 向某人挑战challenge to sb (×)【词汇拓展】Challenge n.挑战者 challenging adj.有挑战性的8.absorb v.(1)吸收Be absorbed into 被…吞并;被吸收The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.四周的小城镇已并入这座城市The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.这种乳霜易被皮肤吸收(2)吸收;使专心;使全神贯注【搭配】absorb oneself in=be absorbed in 全神贯注于,专注于The scientific discovery absorbed the physician’s attention.Yuan Longping is absorbed in his research on rice. 专注于他的水稻研究【词汇拓展】Absorbed 专心致志的;全神贯注的【词汇连接】Put one’s heart intoFocus onConcentrate on 全神贯注于……,专注于…….Be lost inBe deep inDevote oneself in9.suspect v.认为;怀疑 n.嫌疑犯,被怀疑者Suspect sb to be 怀疑某人是Suspect sb of (doing)sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事I suspect him to be a pickpocket .=I suspect that he is a pickpocket .扒手The police suspected him of telling a lie about what he was doing at ten last night .Two suspects were arrested today in connection with the robbery .有两名与抢劫案有关的嫌疑犯今天被逮捕了【巧记活用】suspect 词性不同,发音不同。
做名词重音在前,做动词时重音在后,即“名前动后”,此类单词常见的有:n.进口(物) n.增加import increasev.进口 v.增加n.出口(物)exportv.出口10.It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水使罪魁祸首It seemed that….是固定句型,=sb/sth seemed to doBlame vt ./n.(1)责备,谴责,把….归咎于Blame sb for (doing)sth 因(做某事)责备某人Blame ….on 把…归咎于Be to blame (for )(因…)应受谴责,(因….)应负责任She doesn’t blame anyone for her father’s death.The police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving .Which driver was to blame for the accident?(2)n.[U]过失;责备Bear/take the blame for 对…负责Put/place/lay the blame on sb 将责任归咎于某人if that happens, the coach will take the blame for it .They placed the blame o the doctor .Don’t always blame your failure on others; sometimes you yourself are to blame .有时候该怪你自己【易错提示】Be to blame 为主动形式表达被动含义With this extra evidence, we could draw a conclusion that dangerous gas was to blame .有了这个额外的证据,我们可以得出结论:危险的气体是罪魁祸首11.pollute vt.污染;弄脏;腐蚀Bicycling is good exercise ;besides, it does not pollute the air.Our bookstores never sells books which pollute people’s mind. 我们的书店从不出售毒害人们思想的书籍【词汇拓展】Polluted adj.受到污染的pollution n.污染;玷污12.handle n./vt.(1) n.[C]柄;把手Hold on to the handle, or you’ll fall off.She turned the handle and pushed the door open .她转了一下把手,把门推开了(2)vt.处理=deal with ; 操纵=operateThe worker was so expert that he could handle such a difficult situation.The pilot knows how to handle a plane.13.link (1)vt.联系;连接起来Link A to/with B 将A与B 联系起来,连接起来Be linked to…与…有联系/有关The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing.Heart disease might be linked to smoking .(2)n.联系;连接;关系a link between A and B A与B之间的联系a link with/between …与…的联系/关系eg:the police suspect there may be a link between Tom and the murder .The country would like to maintain trade links with China. 这个国家愿意与中国保持贸易关系【词汇连接】①“将….和…连接起来”还可以用 connect …..to /with 和join …to 来表达②“与…有关系/有关”还可以表达为be related to ,be connected with, be associated with ,Have something to do with14.announce v.宣布;通告Announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事It is announced that …据宣布….It is wise to announce the news to the public.It is announced that there’ll be a celebration on National Day.据宣布国庆节要举行庆祝会【易错提示】Announce 不能跟双宾语,即没有announce sb sth 结构,应用 announce sth to sb类似的动词还有:suggest , explain ,report ,say 等【辨析】【词汇拓展】Announcement n.通告;宣布;声明Make an announcement 宣布;通知The minister is about to make an announcement . 部长马上就会宣布15.Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们即不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治愈方法Neither …nor ….既不….也不…. 可连接词性相同的词,词组,或结构,表示完全否定,如果连接两个名词或代词做主语,谓语动词与nor 后保持一致;如果neither…nor….连接两个句子,且放在句首,则两个句子必须部分倒装Neither you nor I am going to do it.你和我都不打算去做这件事Neither did I go to watch the football match nor did I care its result.【句型拓展】连接并列的名词或代词做主语,谓语动词的数要遵循就近原则的连词还有:either …or…Not only ….but (also )…Not ….but …. 不是….而是….Or…Either Tom or you are to blame .要么怪Tom ,要么怪你Not our but I am to blame for the mistake .16.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. Every time 时间名词引导时间状语从句=wheneverEvery time I went to Beijing, I would visit the Great Wall.Every time she comes, she brings a friend.【句型拓展】英语中,可用作连词的名词有:①表示习惯性,经常性的动作或“第几次做某事”Every time , each time , next time , the first/second ….last/timeEvery time /Each time he comes to Beijing ,he will come to see me.He happened to be out the last time I called on him. 上次我去拜访他时,他碰巧出去了②表示瞬间变化,“一….就….”,The momentThe minuteThe instantThe secondTell him the news the minute you see him .I recognized you the instant I saw you .③表示具体的某个时间概念,“….的那天/那年等”The dayThe weekThe monthThe yearThe springHe called on his old friend the day he arrived.17.①The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖②To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.第一句中的suggest 表示“暗示,表明”后的从句是陈述语气,第二句中的suggest 表示“建议”后的从句用虚拟即(should) +do ,【考点提炼】Suggest 后接宾语从句的用法⑴suggest 意为“暗示,表明”其后的从句不用虚拟,用陈述语气The evidence suggests single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers.⑵suggest 意为“提议,建议”后的宾从用虚拟,即(should)+doThe teacher suggested the boy should take up a challenge bravely.老师建议这个男孩应该勇敢地接受挑战【句型拓展】表示“建议,命令,要求”的动词后接宾语从句,从句用虚拟即(should )+do :一个坚持: insist两道命令:order command四条建议:suggest advise propose recommend四点要求:demand desire request requireThey insisted that everyone should attend the meeting .他们坚决要求每个人都参加会议He commanded that I should set off in advance.他命令我提前出发The woman requested that they speak in a whisper because a baby was sleeping.The teacher required that students not use mobile phones in class.18.have sth done 有三层意思Have 为使役动词“使,让”(1)主语请、派别人完成某事We have the machine repaired.(2)主语完成某事,可能参与,也可能不参与We must have the work finished by Tuesday.(3)主语遭受某种不幸I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.【句型拓展】Section Ⅱ1.contribute(1)vt.捐献;贡献;捐助Contribute …to …We contributed 5000 to the earthquake fund.(2)vt.给报纸,杂志撰稿,投稿熟词生义的考察高考He contributed a number of articles to the magazine.(3)vi.有助于;促成Contribute to 有助于、有益于;导致Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?【巧记活用】Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his return to school.使他可以重返校园A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper .【辨析】【词汇拓展】Contribution n. 捐助;贡献;捐助物Contributor n.捐助者Make a contribution /contributions to 为…做出贡献Everyone should make contributions to his motherland, defending his country from the enemy.2.apart from =aside from 有三种含义:(1)除了…外还;此外;加之=in addition to =besides =as well asApart from English ,he had to study a second foreign language while in college.(2)除了…外都=except=butI hardly know anyone in the village apart from you.(3)除了,只是=except for,表示细节上的修正The essay is good apart from a couple of spelling mistake .【辨析】3.语法专项突破过去分词作定语过去分词作表语Section Ⅲ1.be /become strict with sb 对某人严格The scientist, who is absorbed in his work, is always strict with himself.【词汇拓展】Be strict in sthStrictly speaking 严格地说2.make sense 讲得通;有意义------反义短语:make no senseOnly if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planet in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置时,天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通His conclusion doesn’t make sense.=his conclusion makes no sense.He doesn’t talk much ,but what he says makes sense.【词汇拓展】Common sense 常识Make sense of sth 某人理解,明白某事In a /one sense 从某种意义上说In no sense 决不There’s no sense in doing sth 做某事没有道理,没有意义In a very real light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe.从真正意义上讲,光污染使我们看不到自己在宇宙中的真实位置In no sense will we announce the news to the public, or people will get into a panic.There’s no sense in drawing a conclusion without enough evidence .3.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的Be enthusiastic about …对…热情Now many people are enthusiastic about contributing their free time to voluntary work.All the staff are enthusiastic about expanding the business in America .【词汇拓展】Enthusiast n. 热心者;爱好者Enthusiasm n. 热情;热心;热忱With enthusiasm =enthusiastically 热衷地;狂热地The proposal was greeted with great enthusiasm .这个建议受到了热情的响应He is an enthusiast for polities。