罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第9章 维多利亚时期(1832～1901)【圣才出品】
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）教材-第8章浪漫主义时期（1798～1832）【圣才出品】
罗经国《新编英国⽂学选读》（第4版）教材-第8章浪漫主义时期（1798～1832）【圣才出品】第8章浪漫主义时期(1798～1832)8.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical Background（历史背景）(1) The American and French Revolutions（美国⾰命和法国⾰命）Under the influence of the American and French revolutions, national liberation movements and democratic movements swept across many European countries. England was no exception.在美国⾰命和法国⾰命的影响下，民族解放运动和民主运动席卷整个欧洲。
英国也不例外。
(2) The Industrial Revolution（⼯业⾰命）It brought great wealth to the rich and worsened working and living conditions of the poor. With the invention of new machines, many skilled workers were replaced by women and children and working hours for young children lasted fourteen to sixteen hours a day.⼯业⾰命使富⼈更富，穷⼈更穷。
随着新的⽣产机器的发明，妇⼥和⼉童渐渐取代了熟练的⼯⼈，为了⽣存，他们每天必须⼯作⼗四到⼗六个⼩时。
Ⅱ. Intellectual Background（学术背景）(1)Rousseau (1712～1778)（卢梭）He is generally regarded as the father of romanticism, and he rejects theworship of reason. He believes that in the really vital problems of life it is much safer to rely on feelings, to follow our instincts and emotions. He preaches that civilized men sho uld “return to nature”, to a primitive state of life.卢梭是浪漫主义之⽗，他反对崇拜理性，他认为对待⽣活中很多⾄关重要的问题最好是靠感觉、直觉、情感，。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第4章 15世纪(1400～1550)【圣才出品】
第4章15世纪(1400～1550)4.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）(1) The Hundred Years’ War（百年战争）The Hundred Years’War continued and in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt King Henry Ⅴ (1413～1422) defeated the French army and claimed himself the heir to the French throne.百年战争还在持续，在1415年的阿金库尔战役中，亨利5世（1413～1422）战胜了法国军队，并宣布自己是法国的继承者。
(2) The War of the Roses (1455～1485)（玫瑰战争）The War of the Roses, or the Thirty Years’ War, was a series of civil wars fought between the two great families, both of which claimed the right to the English throne. It lasted for thirty years until King Henry Ⅶ defeated Richard Ⅲ(1483～1485) at the Battle of Bosworth and ended the civil war.玫瑰战争，又叫三十年战争，是发生在两个家族之间的一系列内战，他们都宣称自己有权统治英国。
它持续了30年，直到亨利7世在博斯沃思战争（1483～1485）中打败理查德3世，内战宣告结束。
(3) The discovery of America and the new sea routes（美洲大陆和新航海线路的发现）In 1492, a Genoese mariner, Christopher Columbus (ca.1436～1506) who believed that he could reach India by sailing west, landed in America with thesupport of the Spanish sovereigns Ferdinand and Isabella.1492年，热那亚水手克里斯托弗·哥伦布相信只要一直向西航行就能到达印度，在费迪南和伊莎贝拉的支持下，他登上了美洲大陆。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第3章 乔叟时期(1350～1400)【圣才出品】
第3章乔叟时期(1350～1400)3.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）Two important historical events happened during the century in which Chaucer lived and their influence can be detected in the writings of Chaucer and Langland. The first was the Hundred Years’ War between England and France, starting from the reign of Edward the Third (1327～1377) and ending during the reign of Henry the Sixth (1421～1471). It was a series of wars fought between the English kings and the French kings for the French throne. The second historical event was the peasant uprising of 1381, during the reign of King Richard the Second. This peasant uprising was the direct result of exploitation and oppression of the peasants by the feudal lords.在乔叟生活的年代，发生过两件大事，它们的影响力可以在乔叟和朗格兰的作品中见到。
第一件大事是英法百年战争，始于爱德华三世统治时期（1327～1377），终于亨利六世时期（1421～1471）。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第8章 浪漫主义时期(1798～1832)【圣才出品】
自由诗体
Ⅳ. Major Poets（主要诗人） 1. William Wordsworth (1770～1850)（威廉·华兹华斯） (1) His Life（生平）
Wordsworth was born and grew up near the Lake District, a beautiful scenic spot in northwestern England. From his very early years, he had a profound love for nature, which characterizes all his works. In 1843 after the death of Southey he was made poet laureate.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
圣才电子书
主观性
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
(2) Spontaneity
自然性
(3) Singularity
独特性
(4) Worship of nature
崇拜自然
(5) Simplicity
简洁性
(6) Melancholy
忧郁性
(7) Free Verse
卢梭是浪漫主义之父，他反对崇拜理性，他认为对待生活中很多至关重要的问题最好是 靠感觉、直觉、情感，。他倡导文明人“回归自然”，回到生命最原始的状态中去。 (2) Edmund Burke (1729～1797)（埃德蒙·伯克）
As a political philosopher he is known for his Reflection on the Revolution in France (1790), in which he repudiates the revolution, claiming that no one has the right to destroy the institutions and traditions that have been passed down to him through generations and to destroy them is to destroy civilization itself.
罗经国新编英国文学选读第4版笔记和考研真题详解
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）笔记和考研真题详解目录第1章 盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066) 1.1 复习笔记 1.2 考研真题与典型题详解第2章 诺曼时期(1066～1350) 2.1 复习笔记 2.2 考研真题与典型题详解第3章 乔叟时期(1350～1400) 3.1 复习笔记 3.2 考研真题与典型题详解第4章 15世纪(1400～1550) 4.1 复习笔记 4.2 考研真题与典型题详解第5章 英国文艺复兴(1550～1642) 5.1 复习笔记 5.2 考研真题与典型题详解第6章 17世纪(1603～1688) 6.1 复习笔记 6.2 考研真题与典型题详解第7章 18世纪(1688～1798) 7.1 复习笔记 7.2 考研真题与典型题详解第8章 浪漫主义时期(1798～1832) 8.1 复习笔记 8.2 考研真题与典型题详解第9章 维多利亚时期(1832～1901) 9.1 复习笔记 9.2 考研真题与典型题详解第10章 20世纪 10.1 复习笔记 10.2 考研真题与典型题详解弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）（罗经国主编）一直被用作高等院校英语专业英国文学教材，被许多院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。
作为罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）教材的学习辅导书，本书遵循该教材的章目编排，共分10章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校经典考研真题及相关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。
本书具有以下几个方面的特点：1．梳理章节脉络，浓缩内容精华。
每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。
2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。
本书章节笔记采用了中英文对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第2章 诺曼时期(1066～1350)【圣才出品】
第2章诺曼时期(1066～1350)2.1 复习笔记I. Historical background（历史背景）The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 accelerated the development of feudalism in England. William claimed himself William I, King of England, and regarded himself as the sole owner of the land of all England. He himself kept large tracts of land for his own use and allocated land to his relatives and his followers who had won merit in the conquest. Those people who received land from the king were made “barons” and in return they had to provide the king with knights if there should be a war. The chief class conflict of the time was that between the serfs and the peasants on the one hand, and their feudal lords, including the king, the barons, and the church on the other hand.1066年，诺曼人战胜英格兰人，加快了英国的封建化进程。
威廉任命自己为威廉一世，英国国王，自己是英国唯一的统治者。
他将大量的土地归为自己所有，将土地分给自己的亲人和在战争中立下功劳的将士们。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)-章节题库-第9章 维多利亚时期(1832～1901)【圣才出品
第9章维多利亚时期(1832～1901)一、填空题1. Author _____; Title _____.（南京大学2009研；南京大学2008研）I would not have gone back to Joe now, I would not have gone back to Biddy now, for any consideration: simply, I suppose, because my sense of my own worthless conduct to them was greater than every consideration.【答案】Charles Dickens; Great Expectations【解析】题目节选自狄更斯的Great Expectations（《远大前程》）。
2. Like Ibsen, _____ was much concerned about the social problems of his time. His career as a dramatist began in 1892, when his first play _____ was put on and turned out a success.（天津外国语大学2010研）【答案】George Bernard Shaw; Widowers’ Houses【解析】萧伯纳是英国现代杰出的现实主义戏剧作家，是世界著名的擅长幽默与讽刺的语言大师。
他的第一部剧作《鳏夫的房产》创作于1892年。
3. Heathcliff and Catherine are characters in _____ written by _____.（大连外国语大学2007研）【答案】Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë【解析】Heathcliff和Catherine是英国小说家Emily Brontë小说《呼啸山庄》中的人物。
罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第1章 盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066)【圣才出品】
第1章盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066)1.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical Background（历史背景）(1) The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the Celts, who migrated to the British Isles about 600 B.C.不列颠群岛最早的定居者是凯尔特人，他们大约在公元前600年移民到不列颠群岛。
(2) From 55 B.C. to 407 A.D. the British Isles were under the rule of the Roman Empire.从公元前55年到公元407年，不列颠群岛处于罗马帝国的统治之下。
(3) About 450 A.D., waves of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invaded the British Isles. They settled in England, and drove the Celts into Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.公元450年左右，盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人占领了不列颠群岛。
他们在英格兰定居，将凯尔特人驱逐到威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰。
(4) It was around 500 A.D., in the struggle against Cerdic, the founder of the kingdom of Wessex, that the Celtic King Arthur, a legendary figure, is said to have acquired his fame.大约在公元500年，在与威塞克斯王国创始人塞迪奇的斗争中，传说中的凯尔特王亚瑟获得了他的名声。
(5) Beginning from the later part of the 8th century, the Danes, or the Vikings, came to invade England, at first, along the eastern coast, but later they threatenedto overrun the whole country.在8世纪50年代初期，丹麦人又叫北欧海盗开始入侵英格兰，开始是东海岸，进而威胁到整个国家的统治。
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第9章维多利亚时期(1832～1901)9.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical background（历史背景）(1) 1832～1848The first reform bill—the industrial capitalists gain their power in Parliament. This bill extended the right to vote to the industrial capitalists and the lower middle class, but not the workers.凭借第一部改革议案，工业资产阶级在议会中赢得了权利。
这个议案使工业资产阶级和中下层阶级获得了选举权，但是工人却并没有获得选举权。
(2) In the fifties and sixties（五十年代和六十年代）England had become the workshop of the world and the world’s banker. It was a period of complacency, stability and optimism.英国成为“世界工厂”和“世界银行”。
这个时期的社会稳定发展，人们对未来信心百倍。
(3) In the 1890s（十九世纪九十年代）The 1890s is a period of serenity and security. By 1890, England continued to grow in strength. The British Empire had comprised more than a quarter of all the territory on the surface of the earth.九十年代是一个安稳而宁静的年代，这个时期，英国的实力持续增长，英国占据了世界四分之一的领土。
Ⅱ. The Victorian Novelists （维多利亚时期的小说家）The Flourishing of Novels（小说兴起的背景）①a new reading public新的阅读群体②a dropping of the price of books书价格的下跌③a profession of writing写作职业的出现④a need of recreation and entertainment休闲娱乐的需要⑤a need of satire of individuals or institutions讽刺个人或体制的需要⑥the feminist movement女权运动Common Features of Victorian Novels（维多利亚小说的共同特征）①The plot小说情节的社会背景更加广②The cause-effect sequence因果关系更加明确③By installment以系列的形式出版④The spirit of Puritanism清教思想的渗入⑤Moral Purpose以道德说教为目的1. Charles Dickens (1812～1870)（查尔斯·狄更斯）(1) Brief Introduction of the Author（作者简介）Dickens was born at Portsmouth in 1812. In 1858 Dickens began to give public readings which continued until his death in 1870. He is the most important novelist of the critical realistic period. In his works, he exposes the cruelty and the hypocrisy of the upper class of the English society, making great contributions to the development of the English literature.1812年生于朴次茅斯市郊，狄更斯在1858年开始公开朗诵，直到1870年他去世。
他是19世纪英国批判现实主义小说家。
在他的作品中，狄更斯揭露了上层阶级的残酷与虚伪，对英国文学发展起到了深远的影响。
(2) Artistic Techniques（艺术技巧）①a tendency to depict the grotesque characters or events描写怪异的人物或者事件②love to instill life into inanimate things使无生命的事物具有生命特征③description of pathetic scenes描写悲惨的场景激发人们的同情(3) Major Works（主要作品）The Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》Dombey and Son《董贝父子》David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》Bleak House《荒凉山庄》Hard Times《艰难时世》A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》Great Expectations《远大前程》(4) Appreciation of Works（作品赏析）◆Dombey and Son（《董贝父子》）Dombey and Son, published in serial form in 1847～1848, is one of therepresentative works of Dicken’s mature period. Dombey, the owner of a shipping house, is a rich, proud, and heartless man. He neglects his daughter and lays all his hopes on Paul, who could carry on his business. But Paul dies in childhood because of poor health and the strict discipline in the boarding school. Dombey remarries, but his wife, a cold and disillusioned lady who cannot stand Dombey’s arrogant treatment, runs away with the villainous manager of Dombey’s company. In the following excerpt, Dickens successfully describes the scene of the birth of Paul and the death of his mother.《董贝父子》是狄更斯成熟时期最重要的作品之一，该作品以系列形式发表于1848年。
董贝拥有一家公司，是个富有、傲慢、无情的大资本家，他忽略自己的女儿，他所有希望倾注到儿子保罗身上，希望他能继承自己的事业。
但是保罗体质弱，加上寄宿学校严厉的纪律，在童年就去世了。
于是他再婚了，但是他的妻子冷酷无情，对董贝很失望，她不能忍受董贝傲慢的态度，跟董贝公司邪恶的经理私奔了。
在接下来的节选中，狄更斯成功地描写了保罗的出生和母亲的死亡。
◆Bleak House（《荒凉山庄》）Bleak House, published in monthly parts in 1852～1853, shares the characteristics of Dickens’ other later novels. The book contains a vigorous attack on the abuses of the High Court of Chancery, the delays and costs of which have brought misery and ruin on its suitors. The tale centers around the law case of Jamdvce and Jamdvce over the inheritance of a family fortune.《荒凉山庄》在1852年到1853年，出现在月刊上，它体现了狄更斯后期小说的特点。
小说有力批判了高等法院滥用权力，它导致了拖延，给追求者带来了痛苦和毁灭的代价。
故事围绕着贾丹思和贾丹思家族争夺遗产继承的案件展开。
2. William Makepeace Thackeray (1811～1863)（威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷）(1) Brief Introduction of the Author（作者简介）Thackeray and Dickens were contemporaries. Unlike Dickens, Thackeray was born in a well-to-do family. His first major novel, Vanity Fair, was published in 1848.威廉·梅克比斯·萨克雷与狄更斯为同时代作家。
与狄更斯不同，萨克雷出生在一个富裕的家庭。
他的第一部重要小说《名利场》于1848年出版。
(2) Vanity Fair（《名利场》）The title Vanity Fair is taken from John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress, in which the protagonist Christian passes a Vanity Fair, where are sold all sorts of vanity. In the novel, the Victorian egoistic, hypocritical, and money-grabbing aristocratic and commercial society is a vanity fair, where everything is sold in terms of money. The central character, Becky Sharp, is an orphan of poor parentage. In order to climb up into the upper class, she tries every means even at the cost of her consciousness.《名利场》这个名字取自约翰·班扬的《天路历程》，书中主人公基督徒经过一个名利场，那里出售各种名利。