英国文学复习的重点
一、课程设置的有关说明
1.美国文学是一门专业英语高年级开设的专业知识课，是一门必修课程。
2.设置本课程的目的和要求：美国文学课程的目的是培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学原著的能力，掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。通过阅读和作品分析，促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高，增强学生对西方文化的了解。总体来讲，英语专业课程分为英语专业技能，英语专业知识和相关专业知识三种类型。美国文学课程是英语专业知识课程中比较重要的课程，一般在大四年级开设，按周学时统计，需两个学期完成。
3.美国文学课程内容大体分为两部分：文学史部分和文学作品选读部分。文学史部分从美国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍美国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景、文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化、等对文学发展的影响；主要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等；选读部分主要节选了美国文学史上各个时期重要作家代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。
二、具体教学内容
第一章殖民时期的文学(2 学时)
1.教学目的和教学基本要求
通过这一部分内容的学习，了解美国文学的起始可追溯到早期北美殖民主义时期。尽管这一时期的文学并不发达，主要以模仿为主，没有自己的鲜明特点，但那时的政治，经济和社会发展对美国文学的形成还是有很大的影响。例如：当年来美洲大陆移民的人基本上属于两种人，一类是为逃避国内政治迫害，追求宗教自由的英国清教徒，他们来到新英格兰地区，扎根发展；另一类是谋求发财致富的欧洲平民百姓，包括野心勃勃的冒险家。不论是哪一种人都相信在新大陆都可以得到自由平等的待遇，都有机会实现自己的理想。这种观点使“美国梦”成为日后美国文学的永恒主题。清教主义有关人生来有罪及上帝主宰一切等思想也影响了美国作家不断去思考人性与原罪、人与上帝的关系。由于这一时期文学不很发达，主要文学形式多为讲经布道之作，也有游记、书信等其他文学作品。
2.内容提要
第一节美国殖民时期文学概述
?北美拓殖的开始
?美国清教主义思想
?美国清教主义思想对早期美国文学的影响
?美国拓殖传统在文学上的表现
第二节美国殖民主义时期代表诗人
Ａ．安妮?布雷兹特里特（Anne Bradstreet）
(1) 安妮?布雷兹特里特的生平与创作生涯
(2) 安妮?布雷兹特里特的主要作品介绍
(3) 选读《写在我家失火之际》（On the Burning of Our House）
Ｂ．爱德华?泰勒（Edward Taylor）
(1) 爱德华?泰勒的生平与创作生涯
(2) 爱德华?泰勒的主要作品介绍
(3) 选读《自省录》（Preparatory Meditation）
Ｃ．迈克尔?维哥斯沃斯(Michael Wigglesworth)
(1) 迈克尔?维哥斯沃斯的生平与创作生涯
(2) 迈克尔?维哥斯沃斯的作品介绍
(3) 选读《最后的审判日》（The Day of Doom）(节选)
3.复习思考题：
?殖民地时期文学的主要特点是什么？
?为什么说安妮·布雷兹特里特是上帝的仆从？
?总的来说，安妮·布雷兹特里特的诗歌属于模仿型，为什么？
?安妮·布雷兹特里特的《写在我家失火之际》反映出殖民时期哪些生活的侧面？
?泰勒进行诗歌创作的目的十分明确，他的诗笔是为谁服务的？
?迈克尔·维哥斯沃斯的代表作《最后的审判日》是如何体现加尔文宗教思想的？
第二章独立革命时期的文学（ 4 学时）
1.教学目的和教学基本要求
这一章要求学生了解独立革命的历史背景，从而了解和认识独立革命对国家的建立，美国文学的发展都起到了不可替代的作用和影响。这一时期的文学可大体分为两个阶段。第一阶段，自18世纪中期至80年代初。这几十年的北美殖民地文坛以其政治性著称，多为宣传和鼓动性文字。殖民地许多有识之士、牧师及文学艺术家首先接受了由苏格兰传入的常识哲学思想，用手中的笔引导人们认识真理，传达反殖民统治的信息。第二阶段，自18世纪80年代至19世纪20年代。这一时期的美国文坛气氛以其生机勃勃而著称。建国后，美国的思想开始形成，美国的风格已初露端倪，美国人民认识到建立自己的民族文学的重要性，开始打造具有美国特色的美国文学。
2.内容提要
?本杰明?富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin）
(1) 富兰克林的生平与创作生涯
(2) 富兰克林的主要作品介绍
(3) 选读《自传》（Autobiography）
?菲利普?弗瑞诺(Philip Freneau)
(1) 菲利普?弗瑞诺的生平与创作生涯
(2) 菲利普?弗瑞诺主要作品介绍
(3) 选读
《野金银花》（The Wild Honey Suckle）
《印第安人殡葬地》（The Indian Burying Ground）
3.复习思考题
?独立时期的文学主要特征是什么？
?为什么说本杰明·富兰克林是美国人成功故事的原型？
?为什么富兰克林的《自传》被称为美国文学史上的一个里程碑？
?为什么菲利普·弗瑞诺被称为”美国诗歌之父”?
?《野金银花》表现了什么样的主题思想？
?《印第安人殡葬地》一诗的文学价值是什么？
第三章浪漫主义时期的文学( 26 学时)
1.教学目的和教学基本要求
通过这一章的学习，了解19世纪初至中叶的美国文学产生的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张，及其对同时代和后期美国文学的影响；了解这一时期主要作家的文学创作生涯、创作思想和理念，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格等。在这一章的学习中，还要注意美国浪漫主义运动中产生的浪漫文学作品，既有模仿痕迹，更有独立创造的特征。早期浪漫主义作家如欧文、布莱恩特、朗费罗等都在不同程度上有师法英国和欧洲文学大师的倾向。而同时代作家如爱默生、爱伦·坡、梭罗、霍桑、麦尔维尔、惠特曼及狄金森等思维方式和创作经历则迥然不同，他们的作品表现出民族文学的特征。这些要在作品的阅读中细心体查，加深理解从而培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。
2.内容提要
第一节美国浪漫主义时期概述
?新英格兰超验主义
?欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响
?美国浪漫主义文学的特征
?美国本土文学的崛起及其特征
第二节华盛顿?欧文（Washington Irving）
?欧文的生平与创作生涯
?欧文的主要文学作品介绍
?欧文的创作领域、创作思想以及作品的艺术风格
?选读《瑞普?凡?温可尔》（Rip Van Winkle）
第三节詹姆斯?弗尼莫?库柏（James Fenimore Cooper）
?库柏的生平与创作生涯
?库柏的主要文学作品
?库柏的创作领域、创作理念、及其作品的艺术风格
?选读《最后一个莫希干人》（The Last of the Mohicans）
第四节威廉姆?卡兰?布赖恩特（William Cullen Bryant）
?布赖恩特的生平与创作生涯
?布赖恩特的主要文学作品介绍
?选读《致水鸟》（To A Waterfowl）
第五节埃德加?爱伦?坡（Edgar Allan Poe）
?爱伦?坡的生平与创作生涯
?爱伦?坡的主要作品介绍
?选读
《依兹拉菲尔》（Israfel）
《安娜贝尔?丽》（Annabel Lee）
《阿芒帝拉多的酒桶》（The Cask of Amontillado）
第六节纳撒尼尔?霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne）
?霍桑的生平与创作生涯
?霍桑的主要作品介绍
?霍桑的创作思想与风格
?选读《海地格医生的试验》（Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment）第七节拉多夫?瓦尔多?爱默生(Ralph Waldo Emerson)
?爱默生的生平与创作生涯
?爱默生的主要作品介绍
?爱默生和他领导的超验主义运动
?选读《自助》（Self-Reliance）
第八节亨利?大卫?梭罗（Henry David Thoreau）
?梭罗的生平与创作生涯
?梭罗的思想与美国文学发展
?梭罗的主要代表作品介绍
?选读《无原则的生活》（Life Without Principle）
第九节赫曼?麦尔维尔（Herman Melville）
?麦尔维尔的生平与创作生涯
?麦尔维尔的主要作品介绍
?麦尔维尔的创作思想
?选读《白鲸》（Moby Dick）
第十节亨利?沃兹沃斯?朗费罗（Henry Wadsworth Longfellow）
?朗费罗的生平与创作生涯
?朗费罗的主要作品介绍
?选读
o《夜之歌》（Hymn to the Night）
o《大海的奥秘》（The Secret of the Sea）
o《人生礼赞》（The Psalm of Life）
第十一节沃尔特?惠特曼（Walt Whitman）
?惠特曼的生平与其创作生涯
?惠特曼的主要作品介绍
?惠特曼的《草叶集》（The Leaves of Grass）
o主创意图
o思想感情及诗体形式
o语言风格
?选读《草叶集》（The Leaves of Grass）
第十二节艾米莉?狄金森（Emily Dickinson）
?狄金森的生平与创作生涯
?狄金森的主要作品介绍
?狄金森诗歌的意象与风格
?选读
o《成功》(Success)
o《我品尝从未酿造过的酒》（I Taste A Liquor Never Brewed）
o《我是小人物！你是谁？》（I’m Nobody! Who Are You?）3.复习思考题
?美国浪漫主义文学的主要特征是什么？
?美国浪漫主义时期的历史文化背景是什么样？
?什么是超验主义？描述一下超验主义运动。它的作用是什么？
?什么是象征主义？举例说明象征主义写作手法在这一时期文学作品中的应用？
?麦尔维尔长篇小说《白鲸》的象征意义是什么？
?惠特曼《草叶集》的结构、主题、语言特色是什么？
?对比惠特曼与狄金森的诗歌，找出其相同之处和不同的地方。
?《自助》一文中体现出爱默生一种什么样的思想？它的影响如何？
?爱伦·坡的创作原则是什么？他与其同时代作家有什么不同？
?在文学创作中，人们称霍桑的视角为“黑暗的视角”，为什么？
?欧文的《瑞普?凡?温克尔》故事深刻的内涵是什么？
?为什么库柏被称为美国小说之父？在《最后的莫希干人》中作者是如何塑造他的人物的？
第四章现实主义时期的文学( 12学时)
1.教学目的和教学基本要求
通过本章的学习，了解美国19世纪中期现实主义文学产生的历史、文化背景，认识这一时期文学创造的基本特征，基本主张，及其对同时代和后期美国文学的影响。通过本章的学习，了解这一时期的主要作家的文学创作生涯，人生观及价值观及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格。学生要做到结合注释读懂所选的文学作品并了解其思想内容和艺术特色，培养和欣赏作品的能力。
1.内容提要
第一节现实主义时期概述
1.美国现实主义文学产生的社会和文化背景
?美国南北战争
?威廉?迪安?豪威尔斯（William Dean Howells）：美国现实主义文学的先驱
?达尔文主义、法国小说家左拉和德国哲学家尼采的影响
2.美国现实主义时期的文学
?占主导地位的美国现实主义小说
?现实主义文学中的地方色彩小说
?现实主义文学中的自然主义倾向
?现实主义和自然主义文学
第二节马克?吐温（Mark Twain）
?马克?吐温的生平及创作生涯
?马克?吐温的主要代表作品介绍
?马克?吐温的创作思想与作品风格
o伟大的文学艺术家和社会批评家
o马克?吐温作品中的地方色彩
o马克?吐温的幽默
o马克?吐温的语言特色：美国口语化文风的奠基人?选读《密西西比河上的生活》（Life On the Mississippi）节选
第三节亨利?詹姆斯（Henry James）
?詹姆斯的生平与创作生涯
?詹姆斯主要作品介绍
?詹姆斯的创作思想与艺术风格
o詹姆斯小说的艺术特色：“视角”与心理分析
o詹姆斯的艺术理论著作：《小说的艺术》
o詹姆斯的“现实主义”
?选读《使节》（The Ambassadors）
第四节史蒂芬?克恩（Stephen Crane）
?自然主义概述
?克恩的生平与创作生涯
?克恩的主要代表作品介绍
?克恩的创作思想与作品风格
?选读《红色勇勋章》（The Red Badge of Courage）
第五节西奥多?德莱塞（Thoedore Dreiser）
?德莱塞的生平与创作生涯
?德莱塞的主要代表作品介绍
?德莱塞的创作思想与艺术风格
?选读《嘉丽妹妹》（Sister Carrie）
第六节埃德温?阿灵顿?罗宾逊（Edwin Arlington Robinson）
?罗宾逊的生平与创作生涯
?罗宾逊的主要代表作品介绍
?罗宾逊的创作思想与艺术风格
?选读
o《理查德?考利》（Richard Cory）
o《米尼弗?契维》(Miniver Cheevy)
o《弗洛德先生的酒会》(Mr. Flood’s Party)
第七节卡尔?桑德堡（Carl Sandburg）
?桑德堡的生平与创作生涯
?桑德堡的主要代表作品介绍
?桑德堡的创作思想与艺术风格
?选读
o《港口》（The Harbor）
o《芝加哥》(Chicago)
3.复习思考题
?美国现实主义文学产生的历史、文化背景是什么？
?什么是自然主义文学？美国自然主义文学产生的社会、文化背景是什么？美国自然主义文学的主要代表作家是谁？主要代表作品是什么？
?什么是美国乡土文学（或称地方色彩文学）？它产生的背景是怎样的？代表作家是谁？
?马克·吐温的主要代表作是什么？它的主题思想和艺术风格是什么样的？
?詹姆斯一生致力于“国际题材”小说的创作，这里的“国际题材”指的是什么？
?德莱塞是如何塑造嘉丽妹妹这个人物的？自然主义倾向是如何在《嘉丽妹妹》中表现出来的？
?史蒂芬?克恩的代表作是什么？它讲述的是美国哪一时期的历史？
?现实主义文学和自然主义文学的异同是什么？
?罗宾逊的诗歌特色是什么？他的《理查德·考利》一诗表现了什么样的主题？
?桑德堡和惠特曼是不同时代的伟大诗人，他们的诗歌有什么异同？
第五章现代主义时期的文学（10 学时）
1.教学目的和教学基本要求
通过本章的学习，了解20世纪初期至20世纪中叶美国现代主义文学产生的历史、文化背景，认识这一时期文学创作的基本特征，基本主张及其对当代美国文学发展的影响。了解这一时期主要代表作家的文学生涯、创作意图、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物刻画和语言风格等。学生要结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想、内容和写作特点，培养学生理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。
2.内容提要
第一节现代主义时期美国文学背景
?两次世界大战期间的美国文学
o两次世界大战期间美国文学产生的历史及文化背景
?两次世界大战
?移居国外的美国人
?欧洲文艺思潮和弗洛伊德的精神分析学说
?欧洲现代派艺术
o两次世界大战期间的美国文学
?诗歌：意象派诗人；象征主义
?小说：“迷惘的一代“
?戏剧：表现主义
?战后美国文学
o战后美国文学产生的历史及文化背景
o战后美国文学
?诗歌：
?A．芝加哥诗人
?B．庞德、艾略特等海外诗人
?C．新英格兰诗人
?D．“垮掉的一代”
?小说：
?A．黑人小说
?B．犹太人小说
?C．实验小说
?戏剧：荒诞派戏剧等
?美国现代主义文学写作手法的创新
第二节辛克莱?刘易斯（Sinclair Lewis）
?刘易斯的生平与创作生涯
?刘易斯的主要代表作品介绍
?刘易斯的创作思想与艺术风格
?选读《巴比特》（Babbitt）
第三节约翰?斯坦贝克（John Steinbeck）
?斯坦贝克的生平与创作生涯
?斯坦贝克主要代表作品介绍
?斯坦贝克与美国左翼分子
?选读《愤怒的葡萄》（The Grapes of Wrath）
第四节弗朗西斯?司科特?菲兹杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）
?菲兹杰拉德的生平创作生涯
?菲兹杰拉德的代表作品介绍
?菲兹杰拉德与爵士乐时代
?选读《了不起的盖茨比》(The Great Catsby)
3.复习参考题
?什么是现代主义文学？它有哪些特征？
?两次世界大战期间美国文学产生的历史文化背景是什么？
?什么是意象派诗歌？它与传统的诗歌有什么不同？
?什么是“迷惘的一代”？它的代表人物是谁？
?战后美国文学产生的历史及文化背景是什么？
?哪位美国作家首先获得诺贝尔奖？他的作品和艺术风格式什么样的？
?谁是美国爵士乐时代的代言人？他创作了哪些重要作品？
?《愤怒的葡萄》描写的是美国什么时期的历史？它的主题思想是什么？作者是如何运用象征主义手法进行创作的？
三、阅读参考书目
?《美国文学简史》常耀信著南开大学出版社1990
?《美国文学史》常耀信著南开大学出版社1998
?《美国文学选读》陶洁著高等教育出版社2000
?《20世纪美国文学史》杨仁敬著青岛出版社2000
?《现代美国小说史》王长荣著上海外语教育出版社1992
?《美国文学》金莉，秦亚青著外语教学与研究出版社1999
?An Outline of American Literature，Peter B. High，Longman, London and New York,1996
英国文学简史问答题期末考试复习提纲教学教材
1. How much do you know about the English literature in the Romantic Age? ①The Romantic Age in England was like the Elizabethan Age, distinctively an age of poetry. It was regarded as the second great age in English literary history; for poetry is the highest form of literary expression, and seems to have been most in harmony with the noblest powers of the English genius. The glory of the age is in the poetry of Scott, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats, Moore, and Southey； ②Women novelists appeared in this age. It was during this period that women assumed for the first time, an important place in English literature. Mrs. Anne Radcliff was one of the most successful writers of the school of exaggerated romance. Jane Austen offered us her charming descriptions of everyday life in her enduring work her masterpiece----Pride and Prejudice; ③The greatest historical novelist Walter Scott also appeared in this period. His historical novels combine a romantic atmosphere with a realistic description of historical background and common people life. Scott marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism which followed it; ④Romantic prose was represented by Lamb, Hazlitt, De Quincey and Hume. Lamb was the best essayist, whose familiar essays are very famous. 3.What are the major features of Dickens’ novels? ①Dickens’ novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. His novels tell much of the unhappy experiences of his own childhood. They reflect the protest of the people against capitalist exploitation, and criticize the vices of capitalist society. ② The success of Dickens novels also lies in his character-portrayal. Not only are the major characters in his novels very carefully delineated and given distinctive individual characteristics but also his minor figures create in the readers’ mind strong impressions of their personalities. Some of Dickens’characters are really such “typical characters under typical circumstances”that they become proverbial or are representative of a whole group of similar persons. ③Dickens is a great humorist and satirist. His novels are full of humor and satire ④Dickens is not especially known for the construction of plot in his novels. There is in his novels often more than one minor thread of story beside the major one, and these threads are generally very loosely woven together. He seems to love a complicated and involved plot. ⑤In almost every one of Dickens’ novels there is a happy ending, which points to the author’s optimism which is an admirable thing for a critical realist because that means his still has his hopes after seeing the gloomy world all around him and one hand, and as a petty-bourgeois intellectual, could not overstep the limits of his class on the other hand. ⑥Another feature in Dickens’novels is his adroit use of language. On the whole Dickens has a richness of expressions and generally succeeds in using the right words and phrases at the right moments for the right characters to attain the right effects. 12. What are the characteristics of Dickens’ novels?(同第三题)
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
英国文学简史复习资料
A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE 1. the Angles, Saxons and Jutes were three tribes from Northern Europe. 2.English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. 3.Features of Beowulf 贝奥武普: the most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration头韵.（definition）In alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound. Other features of Beowulf are the use of metaphors and of understatements. 4. The French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066.(the Norman Conquest) 5. The Romance 罗曼司---the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England. It was a long composition, sometimes in prose, describing the life and a adventures of a noble hero. Adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table 6. The Class Nature of the Romance The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romance , as loyalty was the corner-stone of feudal morality, without which the whole structure of feudalism would collapse. They were composed for the noble, of the noble, and in most cases by the poets patronized by the noble. 7.the Ballads 民谣The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song; usually in 4-line, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. 8. The Robin Hood Ballad --- the various ballads of Robin Hood are gathered into a collection called The Geste of Robin Hood.绿林好汉罗宾汉的故事 9. The founder of English poetry is Geoffrey Chaucer. 乔叟 The Canterbury Tales ---(1) a collection of 24 stories (2)close links---stories are closely connected to each other (3)stories into groups on different subjects -- story-tellers, from ranks, professions, religions (4)variation in form 三大著名教堂：Westminster Cathedral 西敏寺大教堂Saint Pail’s Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂Canterbury Cathedral 坎特布雷大教堂 10.The Renaissance and Humanism The rise of the bourgeoisie soon showed its influence in the sphere of cultural life. The result is an intellectual movement known as the Renaissance, or, the rebirth of letters. It spang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. Two features
英国文学选读一考试大题必备 重点题目分析(人物分析 诗歌分析 三大主义)
Hamlet is the first work of literature to look squarely at the stupidity, falsity and sham of everyday life, without laughing and without easy answers. In a world where things are not as they seem, Hamlet…s genuineness, thoughtfulness, and sincerity make him special. Hamlet is no saint. But unlike most of the other characters (and most people today), Hamlet chooses not to compromise with evil. Dying, Hamlet reaffirms the tragic dignity of a basically decent person in a bad world Hamlet is the first work of literature to show an ordinary person looking at the futility and wrongs in life, asking the toughest questions and coming up with honest semi-answers like most people do today. Unlike so much of popular culture today, "Hamlet" leaves us with the message that life is indeed worth living, even by imperfect people in an imperfect world. 犹豫scholars have debated for centuries about Hamlet's hesitation in killing his uncle. Some see it as a plot device to prolong the action, and others see it as the result of pressure exerted by the complex philosophical and ethical issues that surround cold-blooded murder, calculated revenge and thwarted desire. More recently, psychoanalytic critics have examined Hamlet's unconscious desires (Freud concludes that Hamlet has an "Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt [is] preventing him from murdering the man [Claudius] who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do". Robinson Crusoe is a grand hero in westerners? eyes. He survived in the deserted island and lived a meaningful life. He almost has everything needed for becoming a successful man, such as his excellent creativity, great working capacity, courage, and persistence in overcoming obstacles. But he has shortcomings, too. Sometimes he was irresolute; he was not confident; he was fetishistic, although his belief had done him much good. He serves somehow as a lighthouse for the ambitious people. It?s also instructive for average people. Robinson was the representative of the bourgeois of the 18th C. It was the time when bourgeois grew stronger and stronger. The author Defoe paid a tribute to bourgeois by creating such a rational, powerful, clever, and successful man. 【Themes of Robinson Crusoe】 1. The ambivalence of mastery In short, while Crusoe seems praiseworthy in mastering his fate by overcoming his obstacles, and controlling his environment, the praiseworthiness of his mastery over his fellow human Friday is more doubtful. Defoe explores the link between the two in his depiction of the colonial mind. 2. The necessity of Repentance Crusoe?s experiences constitute not simply an adventure story in which thrilling things happen, but also a moral tale illustrating the right and wrong ways to live one?s life. Crusoe?s story instruct s others in God?s wisdom, and one vital part of this wisdom is the importance of repenting one?s sins. 3. The Importance of Self-Awareness Crusoe?s arrival on the island does not make him revert to a brute existence and he remains conscious of himself at all times. His island existence actually deepens his self-awareness as he withdraws from the external society and turns inward. The idea that the individual must keep a careful reckoning of the state of his own soul is a key point in the Presbyterian doctrine that the aothor took seriously all his life. ·Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte The protagonist and title character, orphaned as a baby. She is a plain-featured, small and reserved but talented, sympathetic, hard-working, honest and passionate girl. Skilled at studying, drawing, and teaching, she works as a governess at Thornfield Hall and falls in love with her wealthy employer, Edward Rochester. But her strong sense of conscience does not permit her to become his mistress, and she does not return to him until his insane wife is dead and she herself has come into an inheritance. 【Themes of Jane Eyre】 1. Gender relations A particularly important theme in the novel is patriarchalism and Jane…s efforts to assert her own identity within male-dominated society. Among the three of the main male characters,
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点 刘炳善版
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
2018年自学《英国文学选读》试题及答案
2018年自学《英国文学选读》试题及答案 1. What are Shakespeare ’s achievements? a. Shakespeare represented the trend of history in giving voice to de desires and aspirations of the people. b. Shakespeare’s humanism: more important than his historical sense of his time, Shakespeare in his plays reflects the spirit of his age. c. Shakespeare’s characterization: Shakespeare was most successful in his characterization. In his plays he described a great number of characters. d. Shakespeare’s originality: Shakespeare drew most of his materials from sources that were known to his audienc e. But his plays are original because he instilled into the old materials a new spirit that gives new life to his plays. e. Shakespeare as a great poet: Shakespeare was not only a great dramatist, but also a great poet. Apart from his sonnets and long poems, his dramas are poetry. f. Shakespeare as master of the English language. 2. What are the basic characteristics of ballads? a. The beginning is often abrupt. b. There are strong dramatic elements. c. The story is often told through dialogue and action. d. The theme is often tragic, though there are a number of comic
完整word版英国文学简史复习资料整理版
I. Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages :the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons
The father of English poetry.
英国文学选读课后复习资料
英国文学选读 Of Studies P18 1.We are now living in the age of “information explosion”. What lessons can we learn from Bacon’s< of studies> in our access to information? Our planet is developing forward. The fast-moving development of science and technology makes it more convenient for students to get sufficient and effective information by countless ways. That is the external condition for our study, which we can appropriately make full use of. But what we have to keep in mind is that the eternal master of study is no one but ourselves in the process of studying. 2.In what sense does reading make a full man? Reading makes a full man. Histories make men wise, poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. Reading histories makes people learn lessons from the ancient time, avoid making the same mistakes and predict the development of things. People who read histories will be wiser than these who just act according to their own preferences without learning from histories. Reading poem s makes people learn the beauty of language, the beautiful classical style of art and live a poetic life. People who read poems will be wittier than these who haven’t feel the beautiful mood and pure life. Reading mathematics makes people focus on the accurate calculation, develop a scientific attitude, and form a pragmatic spirit. People who read mathematics will be more subtle to consider things from all aspects and do things from the drop carefully than these who don’t read. Reading natural philosophy makes people pursue truth, explore the unknown mystery, and practice actively. People who read natural philosophy will be deeper than these who don’t learn the theory of reflecting the truth. Readingmoral makes peopl e learn the way of harmony living, form the principle of ethical behaviors and develop correct outlooks on values. People who read moral will be graver than these who behave without correct principles and can’t deal with different relationships.Reading log ic makes people master the rules of thinking, dealing with different things and exploring objective reality. People who read logic will be more contend to have clear ideas, mater the principles of objective truth than these who don’t act according to rules. Different kinds of reading materials play different roles in making a full man. People should get into different reading fields and train themselves to become a comprehensive talent. Reading will do good to one’s physical health according to some reading materials of physical training. What’s more important, reading promotes the development of logic thinking and morality. People can be called a full man on condition that they have fine quality, delicate self-cultivation and strict morality. Try to read extensively and become a full man . Poems: Hamlet P8 1.Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t comeback,. If he dies, Hamlet 's can't realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind.