高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍

高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍
高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍

高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍

序言

希望在高考英语中取得优异成绩的同学们,首先要培养“满分意识”,即每个大题都要尽可能得满分。要做到这一点,除了做好英语知识的积累,即学好高考英语词汇和语法(结构),就是要学会正确的解题方法。它是我们提高英语学习效率的最好工具。我们一定要利用好这个工具才能达到事半功倍的效果,才能在高考英语中取得优异成绩。

阅读理解是高考中比较容易得满分的一个题型,条件是我们必须掌握正确的解题方法。

正文

阅读理解满分秘籍——理解题干的要求是核心,分析选项的特点是基础,读懂原文的主旨是条件。做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。如图所示:

具体解析:

题干

高考《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求是:要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能:

(1)理解主旨要义;

(2)理解文中具体信息;

(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;

(4)做出判断和推理;

(5)理解文章的基本结构;

(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

阅读理解的测试要点如下:

1.理解主旨大意;

2.寻读具体信息;

3.理解细节;

4.根据上下文提供的语境,推测生词词义,进而加深对文段的理解;

5.简单的判断和理解;

6.理解文段的基本逻辑结构;

7.理解作者的意图和态度;

8.理解文段的文化信息;

9.理解图表信息;

10.理解指代关系。

基于上述测试要点,学生在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能,才能获取和处理信息:1.略读;

2.找读;

3.预测下文;

4.理解大意;

5.分清文章中的事实和观点;

6.猜测词义;

7.推理判断;

8,了解重点细节;

9。理解文章结构;

10.理解图表信息;

11.理解指代关系;

12.理解逻辑关系;

13.理解作者意图;

14.评价阅读内容。

要具备上述技能,考生应该做到:

1.学会使用3500个左右的单词、400-500个合成词与派生词和400-500个习惯用语或固定搭配;

2.除教材外,课外阅读量应累积达到30万词以上,换言之,长度300词左右的文段1000篇;

3.能通过分析句子的结构理解难句和长句(能理解语言结构有一定难度或有一定新语言

现象的文段);

4.能根据阅读目的和文段的不同,调整阅读速度和阅读方法,阅读速度每分钟70-80词。

高考阅读理解题型

高考《考纲》对阅读理解部分的说明只有上面的内容。由此可见,《考纲》明确了高考出题中的题干部分就是这六个方面,分别对应四大题型。即:

(1)理解主旨要义;

主旨大意 (2)理解文中具体信息; 事实细节 (3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义; 词义猜测 (4)做出判断和推理;

(5)理解文章的基本结构; 推理判断 (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

近几年高考全国卷阅读理解考查情况如下:

命题趋势和规律

研究近几年高考试题可以发现,高考阅读理解设置的问题往往反映了一篇文章的主要信息和脉络,命题者通常从以下几个维度设题:

1. 段首、段尾句:第一段首句或末段末句往往反映了文章的主题或中心思想;某一段的段首句或段尾句往往是该段的主题句。因此,命题者一般针对它们设置主旨大意题目。

2. 转折、对比处:一般来说,表示转折意义的信号词but 、however 、yet 、on the contrary 、in fact 或体现对比关系的提示词unlike 、while 等后的内容往往是表意重点。因此,命题者常常抓住这一特点设置推理判断、观点态度等题目。

3. 引用人物论断处:为了表达自己的观点或使论点更有说服力,作者常常引用他人的论断或重要发现进行证明。命题者常常针对它们设置推理判断题目。

4. 体现因果关系处:命题者常常针对体现因果关系的because、for、since、now that、as a result、consequently、result in、result from等信号词设置细节理解、推理判断、观点态度题目。

5. 举例子、打比方处:为了使自己的观点更有说服力,作者常常采用举例子或打比方等方法。命题者常常抓住for example、for instance、such as、as等设置意图态度、推理判断等题目。

6. 复杂句式处:复杂句式一般包括同位语、插入语、长难句等,它们往往对考生准确理解文意形成障碍。命题者往往针对这些复杂句式设置词义猜测、推理判断等题目。

7. 特殊标点处:破折号、冒号、括号、引号后的内容往往是对前面内容的进一步解释、说明或补充。命题者往往针对这些标点符号后的内容设置细节理解推理判断主旨大意等题目。

应试策略

1. 通读全文,把握主题知大意

考生在有限的时间里,充分利用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧速读全文,抓住关键词、高频词、主题句、标题、副标题、插图、表格等关键信息,把握文章结构,快速确定文章主旨大意。

2. 关注细节,理清思路与脉络

记叙文多以时间或空间为线索展开故事;议论文通常包含论点、论据和结论,通过解释、举例来阐述观点;说明文往往有明确的写作顺序。抓住这些特点并结合文章细节,可以在最短的时间内理清文章思路,把握主旨大意。

3. 删繁就简,突破难句

遇到结构复杂的句子,要善于略去修饰成分,如定语(从句)、状语(从句)、同位语(从句)等,抓住句子的关键成分,即句子的主干成分,如主语、谓语和宾语,从而迅速锁定句子意思。

4. 技巧助力,轻松应考走捷径

在阅读理解的过程中,只要考生把握高考命题的规律,熟练运用略读、扫读、跳读等阅读技巧,就可以获得事半功倍的效果,提高正确率。

选项

由于高考是选拔性考试,试题必须要有区分度,因此出题人通常会在选项的设计方面下功夫。但不管怎样都离不开以下基本技巧:

主旨大意题型分为the main idea和the best title两类。the main idea 的最佳选项一般都是两个方面之间的关系,大约包含80%左右的内容。其他选项中,可能会有一个选项超出文章的范围,即大于100%,非最佳选项。还有一个或两个选项是两个方面的一个方面,大约包含文章40%的内容,还有一个选项可能是文章的细节或段落主旨,大约包含文章20%左右的内容,当然都不是最佳选项。有时也可能有与文章内容不符的选项出现,首先排除。the best title 的最佳选项除了两个方面之间的关系外,还有一种是文章围绕描写或谈论的主题,通

常是为了吸引人的眼球。另外的选项设计可能包含一个人们普遍的看法的选项,表面看选项的内容是对的,但与文章的主题不符,千万不要上当受骗。

事实细节题型除了涉及具体的计算外,最佳选项通常都是与文章的具体内容相符,但进行了同义替换。如果选项看起来与文章的内容几乎一模一样,小心可能是陷阱题,一般都是偷换概念。还有选项可能是对的,但与题干的问题不符,即使是文章里正确的内容,当然也不能选了,这种题就是典型的所答非所问。另外也可能有与文章内容不符的选项,首先排除。

词义猜测题型通常只有1-2小题,但是千万不能忽略此题型,因为这是典型的易错题。《考纲》明确说明要根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义,意思非常明确,就是忠实原文。这时一定要弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系,比如根据因果、转折、解释等不同的关系找到对应的关键词,使推断能够在文章中找到确切的依据,这样就不会错了。词义猜测题型需要我们积累足够的词汇知识,千万不能因为不知道选项的意义而无法准确选择。

推理判断题型是阅读理解题型难度最大的题型。该题型要求我们不仅要理解文章的主旨和事实细节,还要根据文章的主旨和事实细节进行合理的推断。推理判断题型的最佳选项通常是一个推断的结论,但必须是根据题干和对应的内容进行的合理推断,经常会出现may, probably等词。千万不要去选虽然选项内容根据文章是正确的事实细节,但却不是推断性的选项。也不要去选绝对化的推断选项。更不能选非文章内容的推断性选项。

总之,我们一定要仔细判断每个题干属于什么题型,然后才能根据不同题型进行有针对性地理解每个选项,选出最佳答案。做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。

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