虚拟语气语法讲解与习题
虚拟语气
一．语气的分类：
二．虚拟语气的用法：
（一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法：
---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反)
---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反)
---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反)
2．特殊用法：
①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。
---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now.
②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。
---Were I you, I would give it up.
---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake.
---Should she come, I could ask her for help.
③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。
---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded.
---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况）
---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况）
④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…”
---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life.
---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed.
（二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法：
1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求）
---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句)
---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句)
---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句)
---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句)
---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句)
★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。
---His pale face suggested that he was ill.
---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.
2．主语从句中的虚拟语气：It is +形容词/名词+that从句（虚拟），常见的形容词或名词有：natural, important, necessary/essential, strange, surprising, funny, a pity, a shame, no wonder等。
---It is important that we (should) keep the balance of nature.
---It is a pity that he (should) go to Beijing alone. (此时should翻译为“竟然”)
---I wish I were rich. = If only I were rich. （现在）
---I wished he had visited us last night. = If only he had visited us last night. （过去）
---I wish I could go to the moon one day. = If only I could go to the moon one day. （将来）
---I would rather he stayed at home now/tomorrow. （现在或将来）
---I would rather he had stayed at home yesterday. (过去)
（五）as if/as though的虚拟语气用法：（as if/though与if用法相同，如果描述的内容与事实相符不用虚拟，
---It looks as if (though) someone were running after her now. （现在）
---He behaved as if (though) nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。（过去）
---It looks as if (though) she would live another 100 years. （将来）
（六）表示过去未曾实现的想法，意图，诺言，希望等，能这样用的动词有：want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose等，表达方式有两种：“had+过去分词+to do…”或“过去式+to have done”
---I had meant to come, but something happened.
= I meant to have come, but something happened.
（七）It is (high/about) time that sb. did sth.
should do sth.“该是…时候了”
---It is time (that) we went home.
= It is time (that) we should go home.
（八）情态动词用于表示对过去情况的虚拟：
should/ought to have done：本应该做某事(shouldn’t/ought not to have done “本不应该做某事”)
might have done：本可能做某事(might not have done “本不可能做某事”)
could have done：本能够做某事(couldn’t have done “本不能做某事”)
need have done：本需要做某事(needn’t have done “本不需要做某事”)
---You shouldn’t have told him the bad news, which made things even worse.
---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ---Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Tom.
---You needn’t have told him the news; he knew it already.
---The car nearly hit me; I might have been killed.
巩固练习：
1. ---T he weather has been very hot and dry.
---Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables ___. （2010北京卷）.
A. wouldn't die
B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wouldn't have died
2. Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建卷).
A. not allow
B. do not allow
C. mustn’t allow
D. couldn’t allow
3. If he __________my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. （2010湖南卷）.
A. followed
B. should follow
C. had followed
D. would follow
4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. （2010江苏卷）.
A. focus
B. focused
C. would focus
D. had focused
5. Mark _______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. （2010天津卷）.
A. needn’t
B. wouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. couldn’t
6. --- John went to the hospital alone.
--- If he _______ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010天津卷).
A. should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
7. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy __ . （2010浙江卷）.
A. would have been saved
B. had been saved
C. will be saved
D. was saved
8. --- Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
--- Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. ( 2010上海卷).
A. must
B. mustn't
C. should
D. shouldn't
9. I _____ have watched that movie---it’ll give me horrible dreams. (2010 山东卷)
A. shouldn’t
B. needn’t
C. couldn’t
D. mustn’t
10. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently. (2009 江苏卷)
A. could express
B. would express
C. could have expressed
D. must have expressed
11. The doctor recommended that you _____ swim after eating a large meal. (2009 浙江卷)
A. wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
12. But for their help, we _____ the program in time. (2009 安徽卷)
A. can not finish
B. will not finish
C. had not finished
D. could not have finished
13. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _____ all day. (2008 全国卷二)
A. rained
B. rains
C. has rained
D. is raining
14. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better. (2008 江西卷)
A. need have done
B. must have done
C. can have done
D. might have done
15. ---I’m sorry. I ____ at you the other day.
---Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. (2008 江苏卷)
A. shouldn’t shout
B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout
D. mustn’t have shouted
16. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you. (2008 山东卷)
A. can manage
B. could have managed
C. could manage
D. can have managed
17. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I ____ have driven her there. (2007 陕西卷)
A. could
B. must
C. might
D. should
18. ---My cat’s really fat.
---You ____ have given her so much food. (2007 浙江卷)
A. wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. mustn’t
19. _____ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone.
A. Had I known
B. If I know
C. If I knew
D. If I have known
20. If you had spoken clearly, you would ______.
A. understand it
B. be understood
C. have understood
D. have been understood
21. ______ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
22. If I ____ the meaning of the word, I would not have to look it up.
A. had known
B. knew
C. know
D. knowing
23. We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we ______ him.
A. would have telephoned
B. must have telephoned
C. would telephone
D. had telephoned
24. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. will
25. If it were not for the fact that you ____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. were
B. had been
C. are
D. be
26. ---Did you remind him of the meeting? ---No, if I ____ home, I would have.
A. was
B. had been
C. were
D. should be
27. Were it not for the debts, we ______ all right.
A. would be
B. would have been
C. were
D. are
28. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.
A. is
B. will
C. would have been
D. would be
29. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get
B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
30. _____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.
A. If it is not
B. Were it not
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
31. The patient insisted that he ____ ill and ____ to the hospital.
A. wasn’t; wasn’t sent
B. wasn’t; shouldn’t be sent
C. shouldn’t; wasn’t sent
D. shouldn’t be; shouldn’t be sent
32. I would have invited her to the party but I _____ her well.
A. don’t know
B. know
C. hadn’t known
D. didn’t know
33. It is high time that the boy _____ be sent to school.
A. would
B. should
C. will
D. shall
34. She says she’d rather he _____ tomorrow instead of today.
A. had left
B. should leave
C. leaves
D. left
35. Sometimes I wish I ______ in a different time and a different place.
A. be living
B. would live
C. were living
D. would have lived
36. I wish I ____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept
B. slept
C. might have slept
D. have slept
37. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
38. If he _____ his legs yesterday, he ____ the Summer Palace with us now.
A. hadn’t hurt; would visit
B. hadn’t hurt; would have visited
C. didn’t hurt; would visit
D. didn’t hurt; would have visited
39. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
40. It is necessary that everyone here ____ for his own experiment.
A. get ready
B. gets ready
C. must get prepared
D. must get ready
虚拟语气语法讲解与习题
虚拟语气 一．语气的分类： 二．虚拟语气的用法： （一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法： ---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) ---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) ---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2．特殊用法： ①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 ---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。 ---Were I you, I would give it up. ---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. ---Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 ---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. ---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况） ---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况） ④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” ---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. ---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. （二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法： 1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求） ---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) ---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) ---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) ---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) ---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 ---His pale face suggested that he was ill. ---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.
高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习(含答案解析)
虚拟语气 第一节语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气（Indicative Mood），祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二节虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 第三节虚拟语气在条件句中 １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． ２．在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 一、虚拟语气在主语从句中 A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，表示某事 重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形（should 可以省略）例如： It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial （关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。 B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/. that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。 It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 二、用于宾语从句 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意． He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means. 他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱． 三、用于表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略． My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。 The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone. 每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。 第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中 1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should 不能省略．
虚拟语气练习题及答案详解
虚拟语气专项练习 1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him. A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet 3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7.I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel? A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for
高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
高考虚拟语气用法详解()
高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语 气） 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则） A.由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法： 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反） ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
英语虚拟语气解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析
英语虚拟语气解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．I’ m so busy. If I time, I travel around. A．have; would B．have; could C．had; would D．had; will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构： 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。 句意：我是那么忙。如果我有时间我会周游世界。与现在事实相反故选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better. A．was B．were C．were D．are 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：如果我是你，我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知“现在事实”相反，此句是虚拟语气，be动词使用were；故选A。 3． If I ____Alice, I _____them the truth. A. was , would tell B. were ,would tell C. am, will tell D．is , will tell 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：本题的含义是如果我是你，我将告诉他们真相，本题if引导的是一个虚拟的条件句，在虚拟句中，be用were，主句通常用过去的一种，will应该用would，故本题选B。 考点：if引导的虚拟条件句。 点评：在英文中条件句有两种，一种是真实的条件句，if后遇到将来时用一般现在时，一
高中英语语法(虚拟语气)
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(一)
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析（一） 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示假设，或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主 观愿望，有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。虚拟语气作为一重点语法，在各类考试中占有相当 大的分值，所以理解该语法，不管对于考试，还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用，本节将 就考试重点作详细讲解。 一、虚拟语气的用法 常用于条件句中，表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设，表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时，主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式，现以动词do为例说明。 主句从句现在would/should/could/might + do be 宀were/do 宀did 将来 would/should/could/might + do were to + do/should + do （只能用should）过去 would/should/could/have done had done注：有些语法书中在"与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do i did，这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似，其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上，另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+ do，那么主句 中就避免使用should+do，可以用would/could/might+do。 例句：If you were to exam ine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006 s World Cup tour name nt, you would most likely find a no teworthy quirk. （选自2007 年Text 1） 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一 个值得注意的现象。 例句：If that happe ned, passi on ate con sumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.（选自2011 年Text 3）分析：该句是复合句，表示与现在相反的假设。其中，分词短语putting the reputation of the target company at risk在句中作状语，表示结果。 译文：这种情况一旦发生，充满激情的消费者会尽力说服他人抵制产品，从而使目标企业的声誉处于危 险境地。 例句：Everything here would have been destroyed utterly , if his wife hadn t called the fire brigade. 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：要不是他的妻子给消防队打电话，这里的一切就被彻底地破坏了。 二、混合式虚拟语气 有时条件从句和主句时态不一致，可以根据主句、从句动作发生的时间分别运用相应的 虚拟语气。 例句：He would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance exam in ati on.
虚拟语气讲解和练习试题(含答案解析和解释)
一. 简介 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 二. 应用条件 虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去完成时，现在完成时。在条件句中的应用：条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。虚拟语气 在什么情况下用虚拟语气? 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 三. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 真eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） 非真 eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句） 2、用法及动词形式 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测①if+主语+were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他②if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他
初三英语虚拟语气讲解及练习题
浅谈初中英语虚拟语气的用法 一．语气的概念 英语动词不仅有时态、语态等的变化，而且还有语气的变化。语气和时态、语态一样都是英语的语法现象。 从形式上看，语气是动词的一种变化形式。 从意义上讲，语气是表示说话人对某一行为或某一事情的看法和态度。根据说话人的意图，语气可分3种： ⑴直陈语气（又叫陈述语气）——用来陈述事实（或提问题）等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句或感叹句。 ⑵祈使语气——用来提出请求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。 ⑶虚拟语气——见下面。 语气和时态是截然不同的概念，但语气要通过动词的时态形式表示出来。 二．虚拟语气 ㈠概念通常是表示说话人所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种纯粹的假设、虚拟、主观愿望或建议等。可以用于陈述句，也可以用于疑问句等。 ㈡动词形式虚拟语气的动词形式大多数情况是用动词（相应）的过去时（相对直陈语气而言）。动词be若用过去式时可以一律用were。 ㈢应用 ⑴在含有条件状语从句的复合句中的应用。表示纯粹的假设，或可能性很小的情 况。主从句的谓语动词主要形式如下： 例：1）If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie. 2）What would you do if you had a million dollars ? 3）If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 4）If he hadn’t been strict with himself, he wouldn’t have made such progress. ⑵在wish等宾语从句中的应用。表示纯粹的主观愿望，不可能实现的，或实现的可能性极小的情况。宾语从句谓语动词根据具体情况常可用一般过去时，过去将来时或过去完成时等。 例如： 1）I wish that I could help him now. 我现在要是能帮上他该多好啊！或我多么希望现在能帮上他！（言下之意：我现在帮不上他，没能力帮助他） 2）I wish I could come here tomorrow. 明天我要是能来这儿就好了！（言下之意：我明天根本不可能来这儿，或我明天能来这儿的可能性很小） 3）We wish he hadn’t gone. 他要是没有走该多好啊！ ⑶用在suggest等的宾语从句中，表是纯粹的建议。 句型为：suggest(ed) that … (should) + 动词原形…（should可省略） 1）He suggests that we (should) visit the museum. 2) We suggested that he _____ here every day. A. come B. comes C. came D. can come E. could come 虚拟语气的几种特殊用法 1.省掉if的条件从句结构： Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…) 2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如： A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...) (=If there were no water,…) (=If you hadn’t helped me,…)
高考英语语法难点：虚拟语气
虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood,又称假设语气,是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反,在现实中并不存在,或实现的可能性很小。 一、动词的语气 语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood有三种,分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1.陈述语气 陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问,主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗? How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊! 2.祈使语气 祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。 Come this way,please! 请这边走。 Don't make any noise, will you 别吵,行吗? Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 3.虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。 May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! 二、条件句中的虚拟语气 英语中条件从句有两类,一类是真实条件句,另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句;如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。 A.真实条件句 真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。 If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来,我们就不等他了。 If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.过去发生洪水的话,常有很大的生命和财产损失。 We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去那里。 I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净,我就让你用我的自行车。 B.非真实条件句 在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,其构成有三种形式: 与现在事实相反if条件句的谓语:were did
高中英语虚拟语气讲解与练习(精练)
高中英语虚拟语气讲解与练习 2016－2002北京卷夏季高考： (2016北京卷) 34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week If you ___ me, I could have helped. A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell (2015北京卷)34. If I _____it with my own eyes, I would n’t have believed it. A. didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. Wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen (2014北京卷)34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. A. are B. were C. will be D. would be (2013北京卷)34. If w e ________ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked (2012北京卷)35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel. A. is B. were C. has been D. had been (2011北京卷)28. —W here are the children The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. —I wish they _________ always late. A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been (2011北京卷)30. Maybe if I _______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying (2010北京卷)34. —The weather has been very hot and dry. — Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _________. A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died. 虚拟语气：表主观愿望和假设情况。说话人所讲内容常与事实相反；或实现的可能性极小，甚至没有实现的可能性。有时为了使语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。 1. if虚拟条件句 (2014朝阳二模)35. If Nina _____ that her husband would go to the bus stop to meet her, she wouldn’t have walked back home. A. knows B. knew C. has know D. had known (2012东城一模)32. —I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year. —But check out the cost first. I wouldn’t be surprised if you ______ your mind. A. changed B. will change C. have changed D. would have changed (2014海淀一模)28. —Jeff, what’s up You are not yourself today. — Oh, mom. I really wish I ______ the chance but I failed. A. had got B. would get C. will get D. got (2013西城一模)27. —George, good luck with your English exam! —Gosh, I wish I for it last night! A. have studied B. studied C. had studied D. would study (2002年上海卷) How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden!