英语翻译汇总

英语翻译汇总
英语翻译汇总

Unit One

1. Personal consumption expenditure, consisting of the market value of goods and services purchased by individuals and nonprofit institutions as well as the value of food, clothing, housing and financial services received by them as income in kind.

个人消费开支:指个人和非盈利机构以物品形式得到的食品、衣服、住房和金融服务,以及他们购置的产品和劳务的市场价值。

2. Gross private domestic investment, consisting of newly produced capital goods —buildings and equipment — acquired by private business and non-profit institutions, including the value of inventory changes and all new private houses. Gross investment can also be seen as consisting of two portions. One portion is necessary to replace the depreciation — or wearing out — of some of the existing stock of capital goods. The remaining portion is net investment and represents an addition to the size of the stock of capital goods.

私人国内总投资:指私人企业和非盈利机构所需的新产品的资本货物——建筑和设备,其中包括存货变化和所有新的私人住房屋价值。总投资还可以看成包括两部分。一部分是以替代现存资本货物的消耗或磨损。另一部分是净投资,它增加了对资本货物的存货量。

3. Government purchases of goods and services, consisting of general government expenditure for compensation of employees and net purchases from business and from abroad.

政府购买的物品与劳务:指补偿雇工和从企业及国外的进料净额所支付的一般行政费用。

4. Net exports of goods and services, consisting of the amount of exports minus the amount of imports.

商品和劳务的净出口:指减除进口量的出口量。

5. Economics involves that study of topics like wealth and poverty, money and banks, incomes, taxes, prosperity and depression, large enterprises and labor unions, and hundreds of other matters that intimately how easy or how hard it is to get a job, how much we can earn in our chosen occupations, and how much our paychecks will buy after we receive them.

经济学涉及的研究课题有财富和贫困、金钱和银行、收入、税收、繁荣和萧条、大企业、工会以及几百种直接影响我们生活方式的其他方面。经济实力影响我们日常生活的各个方面,包括获得职业的难易、所选定工作的收入多少、得到工资后能买到多少东西等。

6. In fact, probably without exception, each topic in economics not only touches somewhere on your own personal life but is also important to some current economic problems of government on social policy and is, at the same time, involved in the long-range concern of human history.

事实上,经济学中的每一个课题可能毫无例外地不仅接触到你的个人生活,而且对一个政府的当前某些经济问题或社会政策,也有着重要意义。同时,经济学中的每个课题也涉及到人类历史中长期以来所关心的问题。

7. It is particularly worth noting that the services of whole-salers, retailers, bankers, and similar “middlemen” are an important part of the productive process. After all, it

is notenough simply to manufacture the product. Before it can be used it must be made available to the family that wants to buy it, a job that requires the services of store clerks, managers, transportation workers, and many others.

尤其值得注意的是:批发商、零售商、金融家以及类似中间人的服务都是生产过程的重要组成部分。总之,仅仅制造商品并不是生产的全部概念。在商品能够被使用之前,必须使那些要买这一产品的家庭可以买得到它,这就需要店员、经理、运输工人和其他许多人来提供多种服务。

8. Economics is based upon the facts of everyday like. Economists study our everyday lives and the general life of our communities in order to understand the whole economic system of which we are part. They try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live, and to explain how it all works. The economist?s methods should of course be strictly objective and scientific.

经济学是建立在日常生活基础上的。经济学家研究日常生活与社会的普遍生活,以便了解我们参与的整个经济体系。他们试图描述我们生活中的经济实情,并试图解释经济是如何起作用的。经济学家采用的方法当然应该是极客观和科学的。

9. “Micro” means small. What we study in micro-economics is how individuals or how business or how governments or how foreign buyers or sellers influence the use of land, labor, capital, etc. For example, we will see what determines whether a particular business decides to install automated machinery rather than hire more wage workers. Another example is a company?s decision to produce more small automobiles and fewer larger ones. These decisions are within the area of study of micro-economics.

“微观”的意思是“微小”。微观经济学所研究的是个人、行业、政府和外商如何影响土地、劳力和资本等的使用。例如,我们可以看到什么因素决定某一实业家下决心去安装自动化的机器,而不雇佣更多的工人。又例如,某公司决定生产更多的小型汽车,而少生产大型汽车。这些决定属于微观经济学的研究范畴。10. Gross national product (GNP) is the market value of the output of final goods and services produced by the natio n?s economy. It is “gross” because it does not deduct any charges of the depreciate of capital used up in the course of this production. However, all intermediate goods used up in producing course of this production.

国民生产总值(GNP)是国家经济所提供的制成品和劳务总量的市场价值。称其为“总”,是因为没有扣除生产过程中的资本消耗费用。然而,生产过程中所消耗的所有中间产品则排除在外。

Translation

1. 当前流行的话题是“变化中的世界经济”。我要论证的是,世界经济不是正在“变化之中”,而是已经发生变化——包括基础和结构都是如此;而这种变化完全是可能是不可逆转的。

2. 在过去十年左右的时期内,世界经济结构本身发生了三种根本性的变化:——初级产品的经济与工业经济“脱钩”;

——工业经济自己内部,生产与就业“脱钩”;

——资本流动,而不是贸易(商品和劳动)成为世界经济的动力。两者尚未完全“脱钩”,不过联系已经松散,更糟糕的是,已变得无法预测。

3.这是些持久性的而非周期性的变化。我们也许永远也弄不清造成这些变化是

什么原因(经济变化的原因总是很复杂的)。经济理论家们可能要过很长时间才会承认是发生了根本性的变化。而要他们改变自己的理论来说明变化的原因,就需要更长的时间。

4.尤其是他们极不愿承认,起支配作用的是世界经济而不是民族国家的宏观经济学。现在大多数经济理论仍把注意力完全集中在后者。然而,过去20 年来的各种成功更清楚地说明了世界经济的支配作用:日本、南朝鲜的成功史,西德的成功史(西德这个例子虽然远不如日本那么光彩夺目,却给人以更深的印象),还有美国国内的一大成就——新英格兰向工业化的转变和迅速兴起,仅仅在20 年前它还是被普遍认为处于垂死状态。

1、Economics is based upon the facts of our everyday life. Economists study our everyday lives and general life of our communities in order to understand the whole economic system of which we are part. They try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live, and to explain how it all works. The economist?s methods should of course be strictly objective and scientific.

2、“Micro” means small. What we study in micro-economics is how individuals or how businesses or how governments or how foreign buyers or sellers influence the use of land, labor, capital, etc. For example, we will see what determines whether a particular businessman decides to install automated machinery rather than hire more wage workers. Another example is a company's decision to produce more small automobiles and fewer larger one. These decisions are within the area of study of micro-economics.

3、“Macro”, on the other hand, means large. In macro-economics, what we study is not only individual influence but aggregate ones. Here we are concerned with what is responsible for the overall level of economic activity of a society. We are interested in what is responsible for the overall level of employment, of production, of incomes and of prices in the economy. For example, we must decide in what way and at what time money will be created and destroyed. This kind of choice is made by society as a whole. This is what is meant by macro-economics.

Unit Two

1. Today every country buys from and sells to other countries. If one country has more bananas than it needs, but no trucks, it may exchange the balance with another country that has more trucks than it can use, but no bananas. The things a country sells to another country are called exports. The things a country buys from another country are called imports.

今天每个国家与其他国际都有买卖关系。如果一个国家的香蕉多于他的需要,而又没有卡车,他可以与另一个有过多卡车而没有香蕉的国家交换以求平衡。一个国家卖给另一个国家的东西称为出口商品。一个国家从另一国家买进的东西称为进口商品。

2. Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land, such as cotton, timber or rubber. Some raw materials such as iron ore, come from mines. These raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured goods.

出口商品可以是原材料,也可以是制成品。原材料是大地的产品,例如棉花、木

材、橡胶。铁矿石之类原材料来自矿山,这些原材料经常由生产国出口到其他国家,在那里制成成品。

3. Some countries produce food for export, for example, meat, sugar, or cereals such as wheat and maize. These counties are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate. A cold, dry climate is not suitable for agriculture.

某些国家生产出口食品,例如肉类、糖,以及小麦和玉米之类的谷物。这些国家是农业国,需要肥沃的土地和良好的气候。寒冷干燥的气候不适宜发展规律农业。

4. A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country cannot always produce enough food for its own need. In this case, it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns from the exported goods.

生产制成品的国家叫做工业国家,工业国家总是不能生产足够的食品供给本国需要。在这种情况下,工业国不出口粮食,而是进口粮食。它依赖制成品的出口,并用出口货物所换来的钱支付进口商品。

5. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations.

除了有形贸易,即进口商品,还有无形贸易,所谓无形贸易就是国家之间交换劳务。

6. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both case, the nations earn money to buy necessities.

无形贸易对一些国家来说很重要,就像另一些国家出口原材料或商品的重要性一样。国家在从事无形贸易或有形贸易中,都能赚取外汇去购买他们的必需品。7. Some nations possess little in the way of exportable commodities or manufactured goods, but they have a mild and sunny climate. During the winter, the Bahamas attract large numbers of tourists, particularly from the northeastern United States, who spend money for hotel accommodations, meals, taxis, and so on. Tourism, therefore, is another form of invisible trade.

有些国家没有可供出口的商品或制成品,但他们有温暖和煦的气候。在冬天,巴哈马群岛吸引了大量的游客,尤其吸引了来自美国东北部的游客。提供膳宿、出租汽车等都可以赚取外汇。因此,旅游业是另一种无形贸易。

8. Today international trade is a big business. Hundred of business houses and banks are engaged in work concerned with international trade. Wholesale houses buy in large quantities from other countries. They sell in smaller quantities to shopkeepers and other merchants. In turn these merchants and shopkeepers sell in still smaller amounts to individual buyers.

现在的国际贸易是一个很大的行业。数百个商业机构和银行从事着与国际贸易有关的业务。批发公司从国外大批购进,在小量地售给店主和其他商人。这些商人和店主在转过来小批量地卖给单个买者。

9. With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization ------ one country producing more of a commodity that it uses itself and selling the remainder to other countries.

随着生产和技术的发展,产生了另一个刺激国际贸易的因素,即国际生产专门化——一个国家所生产的某种商品数量超出它的消费并将所剩余商品卖给其他国家。

10. The theory of absolute advantage holds that a commodity will be produced in thecountry where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor).

绝对利益理论认为,一种商品将在其耗费资源(资金、土地、劳动力)成本低的国家进行生产。

11. The distribution of natural resources is uneven. Some countries are abundant in resources, while elsewhere reserves are scarce or non-existent. And a country may be rich in resources but poor in others.

自然资源的分布是不均衡的,有些国家的资源非常丰富,而其他国家资源稀少,甚至没有资源;一个国家可能某些资源丰富,但其他资源贫乏。

12. Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A country may develop a particular comparative advantage purely through its own action, independent of the endowment ofnature.

比较优势不是一个静止的概念,一个国家可以不凭借大自然的恩赐而完全通过自身的行动来发展某些特点的比较优势。

Translation

1. 多国公司是在本国并至少在另一个国家进行经营活动的公司,其经营方针是世界性的。多国公司的经理作出决策,这些决策不但反映了他们的国内形势,而且也与国际形式休戚相关。现在有许多公司都可称作多国公司,很大一部分多国公司建在美国。第二次世界大战后多国公司蓬勃发展是必然趋势,由于开辟了新的市场,资金雄厚和经营有方的大公司不失时机地获得利益,从这些市场获取的利润有助于公司的发展,就像滚雪球一样越来越大。

2. 只要存在比较利益优势,两个贸易伙伴便都能够分享贸易所获,利用比较利益而进行贸易能够在各国间提高效益,因为这样做可以改善一个国家的经济状况而损害另一国家的境况。

3. 绝对利益学说和比较利益学说是国际专门化中的两种理论,这两种理论都试图确定一个国家应该为本国生产并向其他国家出口哪些货物,试图确定应该从其他国家进口哪些货物。

4. 比较优势学说认为,即使一个国家在生产两种商品时都比另一个国家低,即使生产这两种商品时都处于不利的情况,仍然存在着进行互利贸易的基础。

1. Trade is often the …engine? of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth.

A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.

2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade,

which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.

3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.

4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country?s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.

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中国姓氏英文翻译大全 A: 艾--Ai 安--Ann/An 敖--Ao B: 巴--Pa 白--Pai 包/鲍--Paul/Pao 班--Pan 贝--Pei 毕--Pih 卞--Bein 卜/薄--Po/Pu 步--Poo 百里--Pai-li C: 蔡/柴--Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢--Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑--Cheng 崔--Tsui 查--Cha 常--Chiong 车--Che 陈--Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程--Cheng 池--Chi 褚/楚--Chu 淳于--Chwen-yu D: 戴/代--Day/Tai 邓--Teng/Tang/Tung 狄--Ti 刁--Tiao 丁 --Ting/T 董/东--Tung/Tong 窦--Tou 杜--To/Du/Too 段--Tuan 端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo 东方--Tung-fang E: F: 范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅 --Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou 古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei 管/关--Kuan/Kwan 郭/国--Kwok/Kuo 公孙--Kung-sun 公羊 --Kung-yang 公冶--Kung-yeh 谷梁--Ku-liang H: 海--Hay 韩--Hon/Han 杭--Hang 郝--Hoa/Howe 何/贺--Ho 桓--Won 侯--Hou 洪--Hung 胡/扈--Hu/Hoo 花/华--Hua 宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang 霍--Huo 皇甫--Hwang-fu 呼延--Hu-yen I: J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬--Chi 居--Chu 贾--Chia 翦/简 --Jen/Jane/Chieh 蒋/姜/江/--Chiang/Kwong 焦--Chiao 金/靳--Jin/King 景/荆 --King/Ching 讦--Gan K: 阚--Kan 康--Kang 柯--Kor/Ko 孔--Kong/Kung 寇--Ker 蒯--Kuai 匡--Kuang L: 赖--Lai 蓝--Lan 郎--Long 劳--Lao 乐--Loh 雷--Rae/Ray/Lei 冷--Leng 黎/郦/利/李--Lee/Li/Lai/Li 连--Lien 廖--Liu/Liao 梁--Leung/Liang 林/蔺--Lim/Lin

考研英语翻译历年真题

1、1994年 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) "In short" , a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions. " (73)Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology algues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes , genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo' s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74)Galileo' s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses . Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 精美译文 新学派的科学家认为,技术是扩大科学知识的范围中被忽视的力量。(71)他们说,科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识,不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。(72)新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之,我们所称谓的科学革命,主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用,这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。 (73)工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。为技术而欢呼的现代学派争辩说,像伽利略、牛顿、麦克斯威尔、爱因斯坦这样的科学大师和像爱迪生这样的发明家十分重视科学实验中能使用的各种不同的工艺信息和技术装置并从中受益匪浅。 鼓吹技术第一、天才第二的论据的核心是分析了科学革命初期伽利略的作用。那时的聪明才智取自第二世纪的天文学家托勒密;了精心创立的太空体系把地球置于所有天体运动的中心。(74)伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空,

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