英美社会与文化考试复习题.docx
英美社会与文化复习题
L Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.
The two main islands of the British Isles are
Samuel Johnson's dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of ___________ ? A. grammar B. handwriting C. spelling D. pronunciation At present, nearly ________ of the worlds population communicate in English.
A. half B ? a quarter C. one third D. one fifth attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.
A. Norman
B. Danish
C. Celtic
D. Germanic
became the dominant religion in England? B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity
D. Roman Christianity
Westminster Abbey was built at the time of A. St. Augustine
C ? William the Conqueror The _______ marked the establishment of feudalism in England.
A ? Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C- Norman Conquest
D ? Adoption of common law
The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .
D. the House of Lancaster The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIIFs effort to A. divorce his wife B. break with Rome
C. support the Protestants
D. declare his supreme power over the church The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between ________ ?
A ? Protestants and Puritans
B. Royalists and Parliamentarians
A. Great Britain and Ireland
B. Great Britain and Scotland
C. Great Britain and Wales
D. Great Britain and England _______ is the capital city of Scotiand. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over A.160 B.600 C. 60 C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff million. D. 16 is the smallest. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, A. England B. Scotland C. Wales Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ________ England. A. northeastern B. southeastern C. northwestern D. Northern Ireland D. southwestern English belongs to the _______ group of Indo-European family of languages. A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D ? Roman The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of English. A. Danish and Finnish
B. Dutch and German
words to
C. French and Italian
D. Latin and Greek
The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the ______
B. Dutch
C. German A. Norman influence.
D. Danish The
By the late 7th century,
A. Celtic Christianity
C ? Germanic Christianity B. Edward the Confessor
D. Alfred the Great A. the House of Valois B. the House of York C ? the House of Tudor
C.nobles and peasants D? aristocrats and Christians
_______ was passed after the Glorious Revolution.
A.Bill of Rights
B. Act of Supremacy
C? Provisions of Oxford D. Magna Carta
The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the __________ century.
A.17th
B. 18th
C. 19th
D. 20th
Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the ________ century.
A.17th
B. 18th
C. 19th
D. 20th
The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the ____________________________ .
A. judiciary B? legislature C. monarchy D? executive
The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on __________ ?
A. passi ng the bills
B. advising the govern me nt
C? political parties D? public attitude
As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to __________ the House of Commons.
A. rival
B. complement
C. criticize
D. inspect
British Cabinet works on the principle of ________ .
A. collective responsibility
B. individual responsibility
C. defending the collectivism D? defending the individuals
The main duty of the British Privy Council is to _________ .
A. make decisions
B. give advice
C. pass bills D? supervise the Cabinet
In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every _________ years.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
_______ has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.
A? Wales B. England C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland
Gen erally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a _________ system.
A. single-party
B. two-party
C. three-party D? multi-party
The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and __________ .
A. government intervention
B. nationalization of enterprises
C. social reform
D. a belief in individualism
The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it _________ .
A. set up the National Health Service
B. improved public transportation
C. abolished the old tax system D? enhaneed the economic development
The British economy achieved global dominance by the __________ ?
A. 1860s
B. 1870s
C. 1880s D」890s
In ______ , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.
A. 1945
B. 1946
C. 1947
D. 1948
The _______ in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.
A. oil crisis
B. high inflation rates
C. large imports
D. unemployment problem
Of the following practices, ________ does not belong to Thatcher's social welfare reform.
A. reducing child benefits
B. shortening the unemployment benefits period
C. reducing the unemployment D? 1 owering old age pensions
The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except __________ ?
A.limiting government spending
B. keeping inflation under control
C. reducing unemployment D? reducing inequality
Britain has devoted ________ of its land area to agriculture?
A.54%
B. 64%
C. 74%
D.84%
Britain's important fishing areas include all the following except _________ ?
A.the North Sea
B. the English Channel
C. The sea area around Ireland D? The sea area between Britain and Ireland
Coal mining industry in Britain provides ________ of the energy consumed in the country.
A. 1/3
B. 1/4
C. 1/5
D. 2/3
The car industry in Britain in mostly ________ .
A. foreign-owned B? state-owned C. joint-venture D. privately-owned
Of the following sectors in Britain, __________ has experienced spectacular growth since the
end of Word War II.
A. agriculture B? energy industry C. service industry D. manufacturing industry
In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the _____________________ .
A. 1930s
B. 1940s
C. 1950s
D. 1960s
About _______ of British children receive primary and secondary education through the
independent system?
A. 5%
B.6%
C. 7%
D. 8%
Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except _____________________ ?
A. tuition fees
B. loans
C. donations
D. corporate contributions
Of the following, ________ is NOT a basis of admission to Britain's universities.
A. result in national entrance test
B. A-level result
C. an interview D? school references
To be admitted to the Open University, one need _________ .
A. some educational qualifications
B. no educational qualifications
C? General Certificate of Education-Advanced D. General National Vocational Qualifications Among Britain's quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the "Big Three" with the exception of . A. The Times B. The Guardian C. The Observer D. The Daily Telegraph
Life on Earth is a kind of ________ program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500
million viewers worldwide.
A. feature B? drama C. documentary D. soap opera
______ is Britain's top pay television provider.
A. BSB
B. SkyTV
C. BBC
D. BSkyB
Of the following, ________ is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays?
A. families getting together
B. friends exchanging good wishes
C? friends enjoying each other's company D. families traveling overseas
The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ________ .
A. Trooping the Color
B. Queen's Christmas message
C. Boxing Day D? Christmas pantomime
The most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is __________ ? A. poetry
B. drama
C ? novel
D ? pamphlet
______ is viewed as Romantic poetry's "Declaration of Independence.^ A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” B. Don Juan
C. "Preface to Lyrical Ballads^
D. Prometheus Unbound Of Dickens 9 novels, _______ is considered autobiographical ?
A. A Tale of Two Cities
B. David Copperfield
C. Oliver Twist
D. Great Expectations ______ is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century ?
A. Robert Louis Stevenson
B. John Milton
C. Joseph Conrad
D. Thomas Hardy
Of the following statements, ________ is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.
A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century ?
B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.
C. The writers believed in "Art for Art's Sake".
D. Treasure Island was a representative work. ______ is NOT included in the modernist group ? A. Oscar Wild B. Virginia Woolf C. William Butler Yeats D. T. S. Eliot
Of the following books, _______ was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.
A. Jude the Obscure
B. Tess of the D'Urbendlles
C. Adam Bede
D. The Return of the Native
Of the following statements, ________ is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf. A. She was a central figure of the "Bloomsbury Group"? B ? She experimented with stream of consciousness ? C ? She was an influential feminist. The U. S ? lies in ______ North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its ________ and the Pacific to its ________ . A. northern, east, west B. central, east, west C. southern, west, east
D ? western, east, west
The largest river in the U ? S ? is ______ A ? the Missouri River C. the Ohio River Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located __________
A. in the South
B. along the Pacific Coast C ? in New England
D. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.
Of the following writers, ________ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. A. Samuel Beckett B. James Joyce Waiting for Godot is written by _______ A. Samuel Beckett C. William Golding
D. V. S. Naipaul
The United States has B. George Orwell C. William Golding states
on the continent.
D. D. H. Lawrence
A. 50
B.49
C. 48
D. 35
The state of
A. Alaska is the largest in area of all the states.
B. Hawaii C ? Texas D. Florida
B. the Mississippi River
D. the Colorado River
D. in the Midwest
______ is located on the U? S. -Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario?
A. Yellowstone National Park
B. The Grand Canyon
C.Niagara Falls
D. The Great Salt Lake
The native Alaskan population includes the following except the _________ .
A? Indians B. Eskimos C. Aleuts D. Blacks
The largest minority in the United States is the ________ ?
A. Pacific Islanders
B. Blacks
C. Native Americans
D. Asians
The Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularly from __________________ .
A? Europe B. Asia C. Africa D. South America The characteristic of dominant American culture is _________ .
A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-class
B? English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-class
C? English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-class
D.English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-class
The first successful English colony in North America was founded at _________ in ________ .
A. Jamestown, Louisiana
B. Boston, Massachusetts
C- Jamestown, Virginia D. Plymouth, Georgia
Pilgrim Fathers are a group of ____________ who came to America to avoid persecution in
England ?
A. Protestants
B. Puritans
C. Catholics
D. Christians
The Seven YearsWar occurred between the _________ ?
A. French and American Indians
B.French and Spaniards
C? French and British D. British and American Indians
"No taxation without representation^ was the rallying slogan of _________ .
A. the settlers of Virginia
B. the people of Pennsylvania
C. the colonists in New England
D. the people of the 13 colonies
The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in _________ ?
A. Concord B? Lexington C. Philadelphia D. Boston
In May 1775, _________ was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a
national government.
A. the First Continental Congress
B. the Second Continental Congress
C. the Boston Tea Party
D. the Congress of Confederation
Abraham Lincoln issued ________ to grant freedom to all slaves?
A? Declaration of Independence B. Constitution
C. Emancipation Proclamation D? Bill of Rights
The policy of the United States was ________ at the beginning of the two world wars.
A. neutrality
B. full involvement
C. partial involvement
D. appeasement
President ________ applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.
A? Wilson B. Truman C. Roosevelt D. Kennedy
The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of Presidents ____________ ?
A. Johnson, Nixon and Ford
B. Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy
C? Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon D. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson 81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in ________ .
A. 1787
B. 1789
C. 1791
D. 1793
82.The Constitution of the United States _________ ?
A.gives the most power to Congress
B.gives the most power to the President
C? tries to give each branch enough power to balance the others
D.gives the most power to the Supreme Court
83.The Bill of Rights ________ .
A.defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the President
B.guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedoms
C.is part of the Declaration of Independence
D.has no relationship with the Constitution
84.The following except ________ are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?
A.freedom of religion
B.the right to get into people's house by police
C? freedom of speech and of press
D. the right to own one's weapon if one wishes
85.All the following except ________ cannot make legislative proposal.
A. the Senator
B. the Representative
C.lhe Secretary of State D? the President
86.The following except ________ are all powers of the President.
A- vetoing any bills passed by Congress
B? appointing federal judges when vacancies occur
C.making laws
D.issuing executive orders
87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be _________ .
A- at least 35 years old
B? at least a 14 years5 resident of the United States
C.bom in America
D.all of the above
88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are ________ and ________ years respectively.
A. two, four B? two, three C. two, six D? six, two
89.The Supreme Court is composed of _________ justices?
A. six
B. seven C? eight D. nine
90.The President is directly voted into office by _________ ?
A. all citizens of America B? the citizens over 18 years old
C? electors elected by the voters D. the senators and representatives
9L America produces a major portion of the world's products in the following fields except ?
A. machinery
B. automobiles
C. ore
D. chemicals
92.The modern American economy progressed from ____________ to _______ , and eventually,
to _______ ?
A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economy
B.farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economy
C? colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economy
D. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy
93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the ________ by the British King or Queen.
A. political authority B? economic rights
C.judicial authority
D. diplomatic authority
94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of __________ .
A. George Washington B? Thomas Jefferson
C. Andrew Jackson
D. Alexander Hamilton
95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution^
except ______ .
A? typewriter B. telephone C. electric light D. refrigerator
96.President Johnson tried to build a "Great Society” by introducing various programs like the
following except ________.
A. Medicare
B. Food Stamps
https://www.360docs.net/doc/1e9084402.html,cation Initiatives
D. Unemployment Pension
97.About _______ of American crops are for export?
A. half
B. one third
C. one fourth
D. one fifth
98.The following statements are all true except _________ .
A.Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enteiprises?
B.Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports?
C? Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.
D.Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.
99. ______ is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.
A. Ford
B. General Motors
C. Chrysler
D. American Motors 100.At present, U?S. exports account for _______ of the worlcfs total.
A. 10%
B. 15%
C. 20%
D. 25%
101.Formal education in the United States consists of _________ 、secondary and higher education.
A. kindergarten
B. public
C. elementary D? private
102.Of the following subjects, ________ are NOT offered to elementary school students?
A. mathematics and languages
B. politics and business education
C.science and social studies
D. music and physical education
103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of __________ ?
A. Yale University
B. Harvard University
C. Princeton University
D. New York University
104.Of the following, ________ are NOT among the categories of American higher education.
A. universities and colleges
B. research institutions
C. technical institutions
D. community colleges
105.Of the following, _________ is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S?institutions ?
A.choosing the president
B.establishing policies for administrators and faculty
C.approving budget and other financial project
D.decide which student to enroll
106. To get a bachelor^ degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the following
except _______ ■
A. attending lectures and completing assignments
B. passing examinations C ? working for communities D. earning a certain number of credits
107. Of the following universities, ________ has NOT cultivated any American President yet.
A. Harvard University B ? Massachusetts Institute of Technology C. Princeton University D ? Yale University
108. ______ is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for its
serious attitude and great bulk ? A. The Washington Post B. The New York Times C. Los Angeles Times
D. New York Daily News
109. Of the following, _________ is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks in
America.
A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen Poe
B. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan Edwards
C. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan Edwards
D. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 112. ______ is regarded as "the father of American literature^.
A. James Fennimore Cooper B ? Ralph Waldo Emerson C ? Thomas Jefferson D ? Washington Irving
113. Of the following, ________ is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne^s work.
A. The Scarlet Letter
B. The House of the Seven Gables
C. The Marble Faun
D. Nature
114. Of the following, ________ is considered Herman Melville^s masterpiece ?
A. The Last of the Mohicans
B. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
C. Moby Dick
D. Daisy Miller 115. Of the following, ________ is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain^s works.
A. colloquial speech
B. a sense of humor
C. a realistic view
D. an idealistic view
116. Of the following writers, _______ is NOT included in the group of naturalists. A. Stephen Crane
B. Frank Norris
C. Theodore Dreiser
D. Herman Melville
117. E Scott Fitzgerald's finest novel is ________ , and its theme is about ________ .
A- The Great Gatsby, the American Dream B. Tender is the Night, love
C. Tales of the Jazz Ag 匕 the loss of oneself
D. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature
11& Of the following books, ________ is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.
A. The Sun Also Rises
B. The Sound and the Fury
C. A Farewell to Arms
D. For Whom the Bell Tolls
A. the National Broadcasting System (NBS) C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) 110. The National Day of the United States falls on
A. June 4th
B. July 4th
111. Of the following writers, ________ B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS) C. June 14th
D. July 14th
are from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.
119. Of the following writers, ________ is Not a Nobel Prize winne 匸
A. Alice Walker
B. Ernest Hemingway
C. William Faulkner
D. Eugene O'Neil 120. ______ is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature ?
A. Ralph Ellison
B. Tony Morrison
C. Richard Wright
D. James Baldwin
II. State your understanding of the following questions. 1. How do British enjoy the Christmas day?
Christmas is the biggest and best loved British holiday. Schools close for the holiday period, as do shops and offices, so people can spend time at home with their families. Most British people celebrate it by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces. There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. Another tradition is the Queen's Christmas message, broadcast over the television and radio. A third British tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christinas.
2. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?
First, Britain suffered great economic losses in two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material & large market for British goods, gained independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make Substantial financial contributions to NATO and the UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after WWII whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production. 3. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?
It is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of the association. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their own internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and
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equal interaction after gaining independence? The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.
4.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?
The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible. It is an outcome of the American's assertions about the equality among people.The second ideal is that of producing a society that is totally literate and of local control. Education in the U.S. is governed by state and local governments, not by the national government.The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known. Learning is not just a process of memorizing knowledge that already exists in books? 11 is an enterprise of exploration, experimentation, analysis and synthesis?
5.How is a President voted into office in America? What are your ideas about the American election?
Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for the presidency?To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches, and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage , presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, every one knows who will be the n ext President as soon as the first stage is over.
An open answer to the second part?
6.Why can we say that Puritanism has much influence on America?
a)Puritans were encouraged to read the Bible in order to better understand the God's will. Thus,
education had been essential for Puritans, which education had been stressed during American history ?
b)When Puritans came to America, they wanted to build "a city upon hill”—an ideal community.
Since that time, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment, a worthy model of other nations?
c)Puritans established another American tradition—a strain of often intolerant moralism, which had
had much influence on the following generations.
d)The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as
individualism, hard work, and respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.