Unit3Asia文章亚洲介绍doc初中英语

Unit3Asia文章亚洲介绍doc初中英语
Unit3Asia文章亚洲介绍doc初中英语

Unit3Asia文章亚洲介绍doc初中英语

【概况】

名称亚细亚洲,简称亚洲。

位置:位东半球的东北部,东、北、南三面分不濒临太平洋、北冰洋和印度洋,西靠大西洋的属海地中海和黑海。

面积:4400万平方千米〔包括邻近岛屿〕,约占世界陆地总面积的29.4%,是世界第一大洲。亚洲大陆与欧洲大陆相连,合称亚欧大陆,总面积5 071万平方千米,亚洲大陆约占4/5。

范畴:大陆东至杰日尼奥夫角〔西经169°40′,北纬60°05′〕,南至皮艾角〔东经103°30′,北纬1°17′〕,西至巴巴角〔东经26°03′,北纬39°27′〕,北至切柳斯金角〔东经104°18′,北纬77°43′〕。西北以乌拉尔山脉、乌拉尔河、里海、大高加索山脉、博斯普鲁斯海峡、达达尼尔海峡与欧洲分界,西南隔苏伊士运河、红海与非洲相邻,东南有一系列与大洋洲接近的群岛围绕大陆,东北隔白令海峡与北美洲相望。

地理区域:亚洲共有48个国家和地区。在地理上适应分为东亚、东南亚、南亚、西亚、中亚和北亚。东亚包括中国、朝鲜、韩国、蒙古和日本。东南亚包括越南、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸、泰国、马来西亚、新加坡、印度尼西亚、菲律宾、文莱等国家。南亚包括斯里兰卡、马尔代夫、巴基斯坦、印度、孟加拉国、尼泊尔、不丹和锡金。西亚也叫西南亚,包括阿富汗、伊朗、阿塞拜疆、亚美尼亚、格鲁吉亚、土耳其、塞浦路斯、叙利亚、黎巴嫩、巴勒斯坦、约旦、伊拉克、科威特、沙特阿拉伯、也门、阿曼、阿拉伯联合酋长国、卡塔尔和巴林。中亚包括土库曼斯坦、乌兹不克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和哈萨克斯坦的南部。北亚指俄罗斯的西伯利亚地区。

【居民】

人口 35.13亿,约占世界总人口的60.5%,以中国人口最多,人口在1亿以上的还有印度、印度尼西亚、日本、孟加拉国和巴基斯坦。人口分布以中国东部、日本太平洋沿岸、爪哇岛、恒河流域等地最为密集。

种族:黄种人约占全洲人口的3/5以上。其次是白种人,黑种人专门少。

语言:亚洲语言分属于:汉藏语系、南亚语系、阿尔泰语系、朝鲜语系、日本语系、印欧语系。

宗教:亚洲是佛教、伊斯兰教和基督教三大宗教的

发源地。中南半岛各国的居民多信佛教;马来半岛

和马来群岛上的居民要紧信伊斯兰教,部分居民信

天主教和佛教;南亚各国的居民要紧信印度教、伊斯兰教和佛教;西亚各国的居民要紧信伊斯兰教。

【自然环境】

海岸线大陆海岸线长69 900千米。多半岛和岛屿。半岛总面积约1 000多万平方千米,是半岛面积最大的一洲,阿拉伯半岛为世界最大的半岛。岛屿总面积约270万平方千米,仅次于北美洲居世界第二位。加里曼丹岛为世界第三大岛。

地势:亚洲地势的总特点是地势高、地表起伏大,中间高、周围低,隆起与凹陷相间,东部有一列纵长的花彩状岛弧。平均海拔约950米,是除南极洲外世界上地势最高的一洲。山地、高原和丘陵约占总面积的3/4,其中有1/3的地区海拔在1 000米以上。平原占总面积的1/4,计1 000多万平方千米。全洲大至以帕米尔高原为中心,一系列高大山脉向四方辐射伸延到大陆边缘。要紧有天山山脉、昆仑山脉、喜马拉雅山脉、阿尔泰山脉、兴都库什山脉、厄尔布尔士山脉、托罗斯山脉和扎格罗斯山脉等。在以上主干山脉之间有青藏高原、蒙古高原、伊朗高原、安纳托利亚高原和塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地、柴达木盆地等。在山地、高原的外侧分布着面积宽敞的平原,要紧有东北平原、华北平原、长江中下游平原、印度河平原、恒河平原、美索不达米亚平原、西西伯利亚平原等。亚洲既有世界上最高的高原、山脉和山峰,又有世界上闻名的平原和洼地。青藏高原素有〝世界屋脊〞之称,平均海拔4 500米;世界上最高的珠穆朗玛峰,海拔8 848米;西西伯利亚平原东西宽1 500千米,南北长2 300千米,大部分地面海拔在100米以上;世界最低的洼地棗死海,水面低于地中海海面400米。亚洲不仅陆上起伏极端,且大陆东缘的弧形列岛与太平洋的海底部分也同样表现出起伏极端,列岛上的山脉与极深的海沟伴生。亚洲最高峰与邻近海域最深海沟高低相差约20千米。

火山与地震:亚洲是世界上火山最多的洲,东部边

缘海外围的岛群是太平洋西岸火山带的要紧组成部

分。从爪哇岛和苏门答腊岛向北经尼科巴群岛、安

达曼群岛、德干高原北部、伊朗高原北部到小亚细

亚半岛一带,为大西洋-地中海-印度洋沿岸火山带的一部分。亚洲也是世界上地震频繁且多强烈地震的洲之一。

水系:亚洲有许多大河,大都源于中部高山地带,呈放射状向四面奔流。流入太平洋的河流有黑龙江、黄河、长江、珠江、湄公河等;流入印度洋的有印度河、恒河、萨尔温江、伊洛瓦底江、底格里斯河、幼发拉底河等;流入北冰洋的有鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、勒拿河等。内流河要紧分布于亚洲中西部洪涝地区,有锡尔河、阿姆河、伊犁河、塔里木河、约旦河等。亚洲落差最大的瀑布是印度西南沿海施腊巴提河上的焦格瀑布,落差253米。亚洲湖泊较之其它洲不算太多,但许多湖泊具有特色,闻名世界。如亚欧界湖里海是世界第一大湖、最大的咸水湖;贝加尔湖是世界上最深的湖、亚洲最大的淡水湖;死海是世界上最低的洼地;巴尔喀什湖是一个同时存在着淡水和咸水的内陆湖。亚洲湖泊分布较广,大致可分北亚、中亚、西亚以及青藏高原和长江中、下游五大湖群。气候亚洲大陆跨寒、温、热三带。气候的要紧特点是气候类型复杂多样、季风气候典型和大陆性显著。东亚东南半部是潮湿的温带和亚热带季风区,东南亚和南亚是潮湿的热带季风区,中亚、西亚和东亚内陆为洪涝地区。以上潮湿季风区与内陆洪涝区之间,以及北亚的大部分为半潮湿半洪涝地区。亚洲大部分地区冬季气温甚低,最冷月平均气温在0℃以下的地区约占全洲面积的2/3,上扬斯克和奥伊米亚康一带,1月平均气温低达-50℃以下,奥伊米亚康极端最低气温曾低达-71℃,是北半球气温最低的地点,被称为北半球的寒极区。夏季普遍增温,最热月平均气温除北冰洋沿岸在10℃以下外,其余地区均在10?5℃之间。20℃以上的地区约占全洲面积的1/2,伊拉克巴士拉极端最高气温曾达58.8℃,为世界最热的地点。降水分布的地区差异悬殊,主趋势是从潮湿的东南部向干燥的西北部递减。赤道带邻近全年多雨,年降水2 000毫米以上。印度东北部的乞拉朋齐年平均降水量高达11 430毫米,为世界最多雨的地区之一。西南亚和中亚为终年少雨区,宽敞地区年降水多在150?00毫米以下。9、10?月间,西伯利亚和蒙古高原上空经常有

强烈的冷空气〔寒潮〕南下,东亚的大部分地区易遭侵袭。发生于中太平洋西部的台风,5?0月突击东亚和东南亚东部沿海地区;发生于孟加拉湾的飓风,5?0月突击孟加拉湾沿岸地区,常造成严峻灾难。

【自然资源】

矿物亚洲矿物种类多、储量大,要紧有石油、煤、铁、锡、钨、锑、铜、铅、锌、锰、镍、钼、镁、铬、金、银、岩盐、硫磺、宝石等。石油、镁、铁、锡等的储量均居各洲首位,锡矿储量约占世界总储量60%以上。

森林和草原:森林总面积约占世界森林总面积的

13%。用材林2/3以上已开发利用。人工造林有一

定的进展。俄罗斯亚洲部分、中国的东北、朝鲜的

北部,是世界上分布宽敞的针叶林地区,蓄积量丰

富,宝贵用材树种专门多。中国的华南、西南,日

本山地的南坡,喜马拉雅山南坡植物专门丰富,除

一般阔叶树种外,还有棕榈、蒲葵、杉属、水杉属

等。东南亚的热带森林在世界森林中占重要地位,

以恒定、丰富的植物群落著称。其要紧树种是龙脑

香科,还有树状蕨纲、银杏、苏铁等〝活化石〞。

亚洲草原总面积约占世界草原总面积的15%。

水力:亚洲各国可开发的水力资源估量年可发电量

达26 000亿度,占世界可开发水力资源量的27%。

海洋渔业:亚洲沿海渔场面积约占世界沿海渔场总面积的40%。盛产鲑、鳟、鳕、鲣、鲭、小黄鱼、大黄鱼、带鱼、乌贼、沙丁鱼、金枪鱼、马鲛鱼以及鲸等,闻名渔场有舟山群岛、台湾岛、西沙群岛、北海道岛、九州岛等岛屿的邻近海域,以及鄂霍次克海等。中国沿海渔场面积占世界沿海渔场总面积近1/4。

【经济简况】

亚洲各国中,除日本为发达国家外,其余均是进展中国家,各国经济都有一定的进展,许多国家发挥其自然条件和资源的优势,经营多种热带和亚热带作物;积极勘探、开采矿产资源;大力进展制造业,使经济体制由以农业、矿业为主的〝单一〞向〝多元化〞方向进展,亚洲的工业、农业和交通运输业在世界经济中

已占重要地位。农业稻米、天然橡胶、金鸡纳霜、马尼拉麻〔蕉麻〕、柚木和胡椒等的产量均占世界总产量的90%以上。中国稻米产量占世界第一位,印度占第二位;马来西亚的天然橡胶产量占世界第一位,印度尼西亚占第二位。金鸡纳霜要紧产在印度尼西亚;马尼拉麻要紧产在菲律宾;柚木和胡椒要紧产在东南亚各国。黄麻、椰干、茶叶的产量均占世界总产量的80%左右。黄麻要紧产在中国、印度和孟加拉国;椰干要紧产在菲律宾、印度尼西亚、印度、马来西亚和斯里兰卡等国。茶叶要紧产在印度、中国和斯里兰卡。其他还有棉花、花生、芝麻、烟草、油菜子等的产量在世界上也占有一定的地位。

工业:石油年产量约占7-10亿吨,占世界年产量的27-30%;天然气年总产量约1000亿立方米,占世界年总产量的6%以上,煤年产量约10多亿吨,占世界年总产量的22%以上;年发电量约10000亿度,约占世界年发电量的13%;钢产量年约1.7亿吨,约占世界总产量的24%;锡精矿产量占世界总产量的60%左右,其中马来西亚产量占世界各国中第一位。钨精矿产量约占世界产量的45%。亚洲的畜牧业、渔业也专门发达。

亚洲工业:各国各地区工业进展水平和部门、地域结构差异显著。绝大多数国家工业基础薄弱,采矿和农产品加工及轻纺工业占要紧地位。中国工业进展迅速,工业体系完整。日本是高度发达的世界经济大国。蒙古工业以畜产品加工为主。新加坡、泰国、马来西亚是新兴工业化国家。印度尼西亚和文莱以生产原油为要紧。印度工业较发达。除阿富汗、黎巴嫩和土耳其外,西亚多数国家工业均以生产原油和炼油为主,西亚能源在世界能源中占重要地位。

交通:亚洲的交通各地进展不一。中国东半部、日本、爪哇岛、斯里兰卡西部、印度中部、土耳其西部交通发达,以铁路、公路运输为主。宽敞内陆地区和沙漠地区以畜力为主。东南部沿海海上运输发达。经济发达地区空运进展迅速。

2021年初一英文自我介绍的作文3篇

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