湖南高考英语专题复习 任务型阅读(含答案)

湖南高考英语专题复习任务型阅读(含答案)

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

If you shower before bed, you've probably wondered whether sleeping with damp hair is a problem. Maybe you've heard it could make you sick, or that it can damage your hair or skin. What's the truth? Let's address the "it can make you sick" myth first. "________" says Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of medicine. While this idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago disproved. It's true that you're much more likely to catch a common cold during the winter months. But this has to do with the ways respiratory (呼吸的) viruses spread, he says.

________ Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don't appear naturally, and so you're not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says. But there is a possible exception. Some research has shown that pillows—especially those made with synthetic materials—can contain asthma- or allergy-triggering molds(哮喘或致敏菌) and fungus, which tend to do well in damp environments, and so do dust mites, says Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American Lung Association.

Gupta says there's no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma symptoms. ________ But if you wake up with a stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, breathing problems or other allergy or asthma symptoms—or even if you don't—you should wash your pillow cases and sheets in hot water at least once a week to reduce your exposure to any potential irritants (刺激物).

When it comes to the health of your hair and skin, there may be a few other reasons to worry about wet hair. "Generally, it's thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet," says Dr. George Cotsarelis, a professor of dermatology (皮肤病学), "________"

It's also worth noting that almost anything you do to your hair—from brushing and blow-drying it to coloring it or exposing it to the sun—can damage it.

A. Hence, any concerns about wet hair are theoretical.

B. In some cases, wet hair may actually be a helpful sleep aid.

C. Over time, it can lead to breakages, as well as a loss of shine.

D. There may be some mild risks associated with going to bed with wet hair.

E. Another wet-hair rumor (谣传) is the idea that harmful bacteria will colonize your pillow.

F. This idea seems to fit into the old bit of custom that getting yourself chilled and wet will cause you to come down with a cold.

【答案】 F；E；A；C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍人们普遍认为湿着头发睡觉不利于健康，但是毫无科学依据，但湿头发睡觉对头发有不利影响。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“While thi s idea persists, Schaffner says it was long ago disproved.”可知，尽管这个观点仍然存在，但是很久之前就被证明是错误的，F. This idea seems to fit into the old bit of custom that getting yourself chilled and

wet will cause you to come down with a cold.“这个观点似乎和旧的观念相融合，这一观念认为感受到冷和湿润很可能会感冒”，承接下文，切题，故选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Illness-causing bacteria and viruses don't appear naturally, and so you're not going to make yourself ill by getting your pillow a little damp at night, Schaffner says.”可知，致病病菌不会自然出现，因此，不用因为打湿了一点枕头就觉得会感冒，E. Another wet-hair rumor(谣传) is the idea that harmful bacteria will colonize your pillow.“关于湿头发的谣言就是细菌会占满你的枕头”，后文对这个观点进行了反驳，切题，故选E。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Gupta says there's no evidence that people who sleep with wet hair experience more allergy or asthma sympt oms”可知，没有证据表明因为湿头发睡觉更有可能过敏或者风湿症状，A. Hence, any concerns about wet hair are theoretical.“因此，任何关于湿头发的担忧都是理论上的”，没有实际意义，开启下文，切题，故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Generally, it's thought not to be good for hair to sleep with it wet”可知，一般说来，湿头发睡觉对头发不好，C. Over time, it can lead to breakages, as well as a loss of shine.“长时间这样的话，头发容易断，无光泽”，承接上文，切题，故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

2．任务型阅读

I stood at the edge of the cliff. The wind stung my eyes, cutting into my skin. Dark-feathered birds circled the air, swooping (俯冲) low over the ocean every now and then to catch their dinner. Hundreds of feet below, the deep ocean beat against the rough sandy shore. I took a deep breath, filling my lungs with excitement — and at the same time, fear.

Behind me, I heard the rest of the crew start to mutter. I was here for the shooting of a movie as I was one of the lead actors in the film Dangerous Things, and this scene was right in the middle of the climax (故事的高潮). It was vital that this went right.

The director had talked to me about getting a stunt double (替身演员), but I'd persuaded him that I could handle the dive. I'd taken a diving course a few years ago, and I'd been taking swimming lessons since I was five years old. I had been pretty confident that I could do this — up till now.

Someone called out, “Ceria, you don't have to do this! Are you sure you want to dive?” It was one of the producers, Callie Evans. I knew I couldn't turn back now. I couldn't bear to see the disappointed look on the director's face when he was told that I couldn't do it.

At that moment, all my fears and worries broke free. The expectation of adventure and victory seemed to move all the hesitation. I swooped downwards. The air on either side of me cut into my extended arms. I knew that this wonderful feeling of flight would only last a few seconds, yet time seemed to slow down so I could hear the thrilled whoops of my crew and a round of applause that seemed to echo in my pounding ears.

（1）At the beginning, how did the author feel about what she was going to do?(No more than 3

words)

（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean in English?(No more than 15 words)

（3）Why was the author that confident in diving? (No more than 10 words)

（4）What was the crew's reaction while the author was diving down? (No more than 10 words) （5）How do you like the author? Please explain why. (No more than 25 words)

【答案】（1）She felt excited and frightened / fearful.

（2）It was important that the scene was properly shot.

Or: (Because it was the climax of the movie), the dive must perform successfully / well.

（3）Because she had taken diving and swimming courses.

（4）The crew cheered loudly for her.

（5）I think the author was brave and confident, because she could overcome the fear to challenge herself and enjoy success.

Or: I think she was brave because she didn't chicken out when facing challenges.

【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己拍摄电影的故事。

（1）根据第一段中的I took a deep breath, filling my lungs with excitement — and at the same time, fear.（我深深地吸了一口气，肺里充满了兴奋——同时也充满了恐惧）可知，一开始，作者对她将要做的事情感觉既兴奋又害怕。考虑字数限制，故答She felt excited and frightened / fearful。

（2）根据第二段中的I was here for the shooting of a movie as I was one of the lead actors in the film Dangerous Things, and this scene was right in the middle of the climax.（我在这里拍摄一部电影，因为我是电影《危险的事情》的主角之一，而这个场景正好处于高潮的中间）可知，因为这个场景正好处于高潮的中间，因此拍好这个场景是至关重要。考虑字数限制，故答It was important that the scene was properly shot. Or: (Because it was the climax of the movie), the dive must perform successfully / well。

（3）根据第三段中的I'd taken a diving course a few years ago, and I'd been taking swimming lessons since I was five years old.（几年前我上过潜水课，从五岁起我就一直在上游泳课）可知，作者对潜水很有信心是因为她学过潜水和游泳课程。考虑字数限制，故答Because she had taken diving and swimming courses。

（4）根据最后一段中的I could hear the thrilled whoops of my crew and a round of applause （我能听到团队成员们激动的呼喊和掌声）可知，当作者潜水时，团队成员们激动的呼喊和鼓掌。考虑字数限制，故答The crew cheered loudly for her。

（5）本题是开放性题目。首先要表明立场，然后解释原因。通读原文可知，作者是勇敢和自信的，因为她面对挑战时她没有退缩，克服恐惧，挑战自己，享受成功。考虑字数限制，故答I think the author was brave and confident, because she could overcome the fear to challenge herself and enjoy success. Or: I think she was brave because she didn't chicken out when facing challenges.

【点评】任务型阅读的关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言

填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。

3．任务型阅读

Help Migrant Workers

There is nothing like going home. More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion. For a migrant worker it perhaps means even more. To be able to set out on a homeward journey with money from a year's toil in his pocket is the best thing he can think of. ________ They had to press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up.

About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades. It is almost impossible to imagine life in these places without them. However, they still form a disadvantaged group. Their rights are violated in different forms. Among other things, unpaid salaries are the most painful of such violations that are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions. ________

________They have taken measures to prevent employers from holding back payments to them. Yet, as the financial crisis bites deep, some small enterprises that are struck the most try to reduce their economic losses by laying off migrant workers or refusing to pay them. So it is particularly important for governments at all levels to do an even better job in helping villager-turned-workers recover their unpaid salaries before the Spring Festival.

It is good news that quite a number of local governments have organized special taskforces to conduct inspections in those labor-intensive enterprises to make sure they have paid their migrant workers in a timely and fair manner. Construction commissions in almost all provinces have published hotlines for farmer-turned-construction workers to lodge complaints against their employers for withholding their salaries. ________ But we need to look for solutions that will work at all times. We need to put in place a mechanism that will effectively prevent employers from holding back salaries to workers.

A. Some have reportedly climbed up chimneys to jump to their death unless they get their defaulted salaries.

B. It is something every Chinese look forward to as the traditional gala draws near.

C. Unfortunately, weeks preceding the Spring Festival have turned out to be hard times for migrant workers.

D. Hopefully, these efforts will send more workers on a happy journey home for the Spring Festival with their salaries in their pockets.

E. However difficult the situations they are in, it is too cruel and unfair for employers to hold back salaries they should pay their migrant workers.

F. Objectively speaking, governments at various levels have done a great deal in helping these workers recover their defaulted salaries.

【答案】 C；A；F；D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了帮助移民工人在春节前拿到薪水政府所采取的一系列的措施。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They had to press hard for their defaulted payments, the salaries that were failed to pay up. ”可知由于没有拿到薪水，对于回家过春节的移民工人来说，是很艰难的一段时间。故选C。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“unpa id salaries are the most painful of such violations that are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions.”可知下面要介绍一些讨薪时工人做出的绝望行为。故选A。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“They have taken measures to prevent employers from holding back payments to them.”可知这里讲的是政府正在采取措施帮助移民工人们拿到薪水。故选F。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空格前采取的一系列措施得知，这些都是帮助移民员工带着薪水回家过春节的努力。故选D。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

4．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

Fear of missing out

It's Friday night. While many of your friends may celebrate by going to the movies or checking out a restaurant that's just opened, you've decided to spend this highly cherished night of the week by yourself. The night is yours to enjoy. If you think this sounds relaxing, you're not alone. At least for a little while until you start wondering if you've made the right choice. A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence. Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.

Fear of missing out, or FOMO, is a common feeling. A recent study defined FOMO as “the uneasy and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you're missing out — your peers are doing or in possession of more or something better than you.

Fear of missing out often develops as a result of deeper unhappiness. Research has found that those with low levels of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO. Further worsening the all- too-common feeling is the rise of social media use. Active users of social media have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others'. Rather than finding happiness through their own experiences, they begin worrying that theirs aren't objectively better than anyone else's.

The consequences of FOMO are significant and far-reaching. One study conducted with first-year university students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue(疲劳), stress, and sleep problems. Furthermore, in a 2018 study of 1,045 Americans aged 18-34, nearly 40% of participants admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends' lifestyles, often through increased spending on food, travel, clothes, and electronics.

So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with gratitude. By reflecting on what you already have, you're less likely to put valuable mental energy in worrying about what you don't. Another alternative?

Embrace(欣然接受) JOMO, or the joy of missing out. JOMO allows you to shift your focus to

what you really want at any given moment, without feeling concerned about what those around you may be doing. So, turn off your phones and tablets, and engage in something you enjoy while resisting the urge to upload and share it. While this may take practice and perseverance(坚持不懈), the results are well worth the effort.

By embracing the joy of missing out, you make room for all the benefits that come from spending time with yourself and the inner wholeness you contain; you create space to keep up with the things you wish you had more time for — gardening, reading, resting, exercising, cooking, learning, or simply being; and you see yourself in new ways and unearth the talents, fears, joys and quirks that lie beneath the surface.

borrow；grateful/thankful；focusing；know/understand

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了FOMO“害怕错过”以及产生的原因，结果，克服它的方法。并介绍了JOMO“错失的快乐”的益处。

（1）考查提取信息的能力。根据第二段中的“A recent study defined FOMO as “the uneas y and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you're missing out —your peers are doing or in possession of more or something better than you.”可知，最近的一项研究将“FOMO ”定义为“一种不安的、有时是全神贯注的感觉。你正在错过你的同龄人正在做或拥有比你更多或更好的东西。”所以空处填absent. 填absent。

（2）考查提取信息的能力。根据第一段中的“A dou bt begins sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence”可知，当你想象你的朋友们在你不在的时候玩得多么开心时，你开始产生怀疑。所以空处填doubts. 故填doubts。

（3）考查提取信息的能力。根据第一段中的“ Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.”可

知，突然间，你为自己计划的安静的夜晚开始失去它最初的吸引力，你发现你的兴奋很快变成了焦虑。所以空处填anxious. 故填anxious。

（4）考查提取信息的能力。根据第三段中的“ Research has found that those with low levels of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO”研究发现，总体生活满意度较低的人更容易出现“害怕错过”。所以空处填 unsatisfied。故填unsatisfied。

（5）考查提取信息的能力。根据第三段中的“Active users of social media have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others”积极使用社交媒体的用户更有可能将自己的成就与其他人进行比较。所以空处填comparisons。故填 comparisons。

（6）考查提取信息的能力。根据第四段中的“One study conducted with first-year university students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue( 疲劳), stress, and sleep problems”一项针对大学一年级学生的研究发现，“害怕错过”与疲劳、压力和睡眠等问题有关。所以空处填discomforts/problems. 故填discomforts/problems。

（7）考查提取信息的能力。根据第四段中的“ Furthermore, in a 2018 study of 1,045 Americans aged 18-34, nearly 40% of participants admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends' lifestyles, often through increased spending on food, travel, clothes, and ele ctronics.”可知，此外，在2018年对1045名年龄在18岁至34岁之间的美国人进行的一项研究中，近40%的参与者承认，负债只是为了跟上朋友的生活方式，通常是通过增加在食品、旅游、服装和电子产品上的支出。所以空处填borrow。故填borrow。

（8）考查提取信息的能力。根据第五段中的“So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with gratitude”可知你怎么能克服恐惧呢？从感恩开始。所以空处填grateful/thankful。故填grateful/thankful。

（9）考查提取信息的能力。根据第五段中的“JOMO allows you to shift your focus to what you really want at any given moment, without feeling concerned about what those around you may be doing.”JOMO让你在任何时候都可以将注意力转移到你真正想要的东西上，而不用担心周围的人在做什么。所以空处填 focusing。故填focusing。

（10）考查提取信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“you see yourself in new ways and unearth the talents, fears, joys and quirks that lie beneath the surface.”可知，你用新的方式看待自己，挖掘出隐藏在表面下的天赋，恐惧，快乐和怪癖。所以空处填know/understand。故填now/understand。

【点评】本题涉及考查提取信息的能力，要求考生准确理解所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

5．请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile. "With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed(有缺陷的) concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses

things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects.

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.

While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.

This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.

So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.

The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being instead of simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.

performance；varieties/ranges；resulting；highly/much

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了据GDP显示，英国拥有令西方国家羡慕的低失业率和高增长数据，但英国民众的幸福感不强，这说明GDP不能真实地反映出民众的幸福指数，政策制定者应该将精力重新集中在改善民生上，而不仅仅是担心GDP数据。（1）考查形容词。根据第一段中的“If everything was going so well, then why did over 1 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects.”可知，如果英国真拥有令人羡慕的低失业率和高增长数据的话，为什么还有那么多英国民众不顾本国经济前景而支持英国脱欧呢？由此可知，英国虽然拥有高GDP，但是英国民众的幸福感不足，修饰名词well-being用形容词，故填Inadequate。（2）考查主语从句。根据第一段中的“Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”可知，Robert F. Kennedy认为，GDP衡量了除了让生活与意义以外的所有东西，从句中缺少主语，故填what。

（3）考查动词。根据第一段中的“It measures things that do not matter an d misses things that do.”可知，GDP衡量的是无关紧要的东西，而忽略了真正重要的东西，故填counts/matters。

（4）考查名词。根据倒数第三段中的“When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.”可知，GDP被视为衡量一个国家成功与否的唯一标准受到民众的广泛质疑，故填success。

（5）考查名词。根据第一段中的“If everything was going so well, then why did over 1 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects.”可知，如果英国真拥有令人羡慕的低失业率和高增长数据的话，为什么还有那么多英国民众不顾本国经济前景而支持英国脱欧呢？低失业率对应高就业率，故填employment。

（6）考查副词。根据第二段中的“Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.”可知，在确保经济增长转化为对本国居民有意义的改善方面，英国是表现得最差的国家之一，修饰动词transformed用副词，故填poorly。

（7）考查名词。根据第二段中的“Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.”可知，人们不仅关注GDP，还衡量了来自卫生、教育和公民社会参与等40多套不同标准，以更全面地评估各国的表现，故填performance。

（8）考查名词。根据第二段中的“over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how

countries are performing.”可知，人们衡量了来自卫生、教育和公民社会参与等40多套不同标准，故填varieties/ranges。

（9）考查非谓语动词。根据倒数第二段中的“It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being. ”可知，它不包括重要的因素，如环境质量或教育成果，所有有助于一个人的幸福感的事情，result in表示“导致”，things与result之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作后置定语，故填resulting。

（10）考查副词。根据最后一段中的“But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being instead of simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.”可知，如果政策制定者将精力重新集中在改善民生上，而不仅仅是担心GDP数据，就能避免预测中的厄运，甚至会看到进展，think highly/much of表示“重视、看重”，故填highly/much。

【点评】信息匹配题解题步骤：（一）先“少”后“多”；（二）锁定关键信息：抓实词；（三）信息匹配题１.寻找同义、相同的词或词组；２.寻找近义词或词组；３.留意数字（包括时间）；（四）读懂省略文字；（五）学会“认”生词；（六）巧用标注记号。

6．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Silk Road was a historical network of trade routes that connected China and the Mediterranean Sea, allowing cultural and economic interaction between the East and the West. Begun in the 2nd Century B C, the Silk Road carried goods, ideas, and even illness for thousands of miles between great civilizations for more than a thousand years. ________ It was the creation of Germany's Ferdinand von Richthofen, who traveled to China several times in the second half of the 19th Century.

China's powerful Han Dynasty began expanding its trade routes towards the West in the years around 100 B.C. ________ Some shipments made it through to Europe and to northern and eastern Africa, through the port of Alexandria.

As its name suggests, the Silk Road was home to large amount of silk, which made its way from China to the Mediterranean and, to Rome. It wasn't only silk, however, that was carried along the Silk Road ________ Chinese traders brought delicate porcelain plates and thin but durable paper money. Romans brought delicately carved pottery (陶器）and jewelry to China.

________ Merchants carried shipments from major center, and then others carried the foods farther on the route. Many merchants traveled in groups, called carvans (商队). Many carvans and individual merchants traveled with bodyguards because theft along the routes was not uncommon.

Several cities along the Silk Road became major trading centers. Some of the more famous of these were Alexandria, Karakorum, Antioch, Constantinople, and Persepolis. Local taxes placed on goods traveling along the route were quite common. ________

A. The name, however, is a modem idea.

B. Diseases also spread along the Silk Road.

C. It sent silk and other goods to other civilizations.

D. Merchants would prepare some supplies in advance.

E. Goods did not travel with the same person all along the route.

F. As a result, many goods traveled only part of the way due to the high cost

G. Many other things made their way from the East to the West, or from the West to the East.【答案】 A；C；G；E；F

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了丝绸之路的历史、发展及其对东西方文明的影响。

（1）上文说丝绸之路始于公元前2世纪，一千多年来，伟大文明之间的货物和思想都通过丝绸之路传输，下文又说这个称呼是由德国人Ferdinand von Richthofen发明的，19世纪中叶他曾多次访问中国，此处需要一个承上启下的句子，故A项（然而，这个名字是一个现代的概念）符合语境。

（2）根据本空后的“Some shipments made it through to Europe and to northern and eastern Africa, through the port of Alexandria.”可知，一些货物通过亚历山大港送往欧洲、东非和北非，此处是说货物通过丝绸之路运送到别的地方，故C项（它把丝绸和其他商品送到其他文明）符合语境。

（3）上文说沿着丝绸之路运送的不只是丝绸，下文又说中国商人带来了精致的瓷盘和薄而耐用的纸币，罗马人把雕刻精美的陶器和朱宝带到中国，此处是说丝绸之路还运送除了丝绸以外的东西，故G项（还有很多别的东西，从西到东，从东到西，都在这条路上运输）符合语境。

（4）根据本空后的“Merchants carried shipments from major center, and then others carried the foods farther on the route.”可知，商人们从主要的运输中心运送货物，然后其他人把货物运送到更远的地方，故E项（货物并不是一路由一个人运送的）符合语境。

（5）根据本空前的“Local taxes placed on goods traveling along the route were qu ite common.可知，对丝绸之路上运输的货物征收地方税是很常见的，此处说的是征收地方税的影响，故F项（因此，由于成本高，许多货物只能走一部分路）符合语境。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

7．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Nowhere To Hide: What Machines Can Tell From Your Face

The human face is a remarkable piece of work.________ So is the face's ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.

________ In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers' attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple's new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen

Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities. ________ Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.

________ Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone's face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.

A. However, facial recognition seems merely to encode them.

B. Research show that artificial intelligence can reconstruct the facial structures of people.

C. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.

D. Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces.

E. Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might change the texture of social interactions.

F. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.

【答案】 F；D；A；E

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了人脸识别技术不仅仅是一项新技术，它也将改变世界。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“ So is the face's ability to send emotional signals, whether throug h the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile”可知，人脸传递情感信号的功能也同样重要，无论是通过下意识的脸红还是有技巧的假笑。所以小题1同后面的句子同样在说明人脸的作用和重要性。故F. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. “面部特征之纷繁各异令人惊叹，它让人们能相互辨认，也是形成复杂社会群体的关键”符合语境。故选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers' attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for

things with a smile. Apple's new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen”可知，在美国，教堂使用人脸识别来追踪教徒做礼拜的出席情况；在英国，零售商用它来辨认有扒窃前科的顾客。今年，威尔士警方利用人脸识别在足球场外逮捕了一名嫌疑犯。在中国，人脸识别被用于验证网约车司机的身份、让游客刷脸进景点、让顾客微微一笑就能刷脸买单。苹果的新款iPhone预计将用这一技术来解锁屏幕。所以以上这些实例都在表明，科技正迅速赶上人类研读脸孔的能力。也就是小题2要总说的内容。故D. Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. “科技正迅速赶上人类研读脸孔的能力”符合语境。故选D。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities.”可知，飞行或互联网这样的重大突破明显改变了人类的能力。接下来作者要转折话题，来说明人脸识别并没有像飞行或互联网这样的重大突破明显改变了人类的能力，而只是对面孔进行编码。故 A. However, facial recognition seems merely to enco de them. “而人脸识别似乎只是对面孔进行编码”符合句意。故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone's face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.”可知，掩盖真实的感情有助于修复日常生活的车轮。如果你的伴侣能发现每个禁止打哈欠的地方，那么你的老板的烦恼、婚姻和工作关系的每一点都会更加真实，但却不那么和谐。社会互动的基础也可能发生变化，从建立在信任基础上的一套承诺转变为计算计算机附着在某人脸上的信息所产生的风险和报酬。关系可能变得更合理，但也可能是交易关系。以上都在说明计算机数据描绘现实世界的连续面部记录可能会改变社交互动的纹理。也就是小题4要总结的内容。故 E. Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might change the texture of social interactions. “计算机数据描绘现实世界的连续面部记录可能会改变社交互动的纹理”符合语境。故选E。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

8．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

I have some gray hairs. Do l dare to count them? Just the fact that I have enough to count scares me, and turns getting old into a reality. I'm certainly getting older. We all are. But why does it have to happen so quickly?

We just celebrated my birthday. I say "celebrated" because we had cake and ice cream. For my kids, any excuse for ice cream and cake is a celebration. I'm not sure if to me it was a thing to

celebrate, though. I like the special attention that birthday bring, but I don't wait for them 364 days of the year like my children do. For them, another number means more privileges and more things that they get to do. For an adult, another number means fewer things. that you can do, like "I can't run as fast as I used to…etc. "

I went with my children to the old-age home near my apartment building. We walked inside the door. The contrast between my preschoolers full of energy and the old women siting in the wheelchair by the door made me lost in thought. Not so long ago, I was a bouncing preschool like my children. Not so long ago, there women were the mothers of small children. Fifty years ago, they were me, and in fifty years, I could be them. The visit, like my birthday, served as a reality check. "Life is so short and it goes by so quickly. Enjoy the moment that you are in, because you will never get it back, "I told myself.

This is also what I want to leave behind to my children. I decide to try to start just by not complaining. In any difficult situation, I will try to find the good things about it, no matter how small the good things might be.

（1）What does the author like about birthdays?（no more than 10 words）

（2）Besides having an excuse for ice cream and cake, why do the author's children like birthday?（no more than 12 words.）

（3）What does the underlined word "bouncing" in Paragraph 3 mean?（I word）

（4）What is the main idea of the last paragraph?（no more than 10 words）

（5）What does birthday mean to you? Please explain why. （no more than 2 words. ）

【答案】（1）She likes the special attention that birthdays bring

（2）Because they can get more privileges and more things to do.

（3）Energetic.

（4）Try to find good things however difficult the situation is

（5）Open.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，生日意味着什么？不同的人对此有不同的诠释。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“though. I like the special attention that birthday bring”可知, 她喜欢生日带来的特别关注。故答案为She likes the special attention that birthdays bring.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“For them, another number means more privileges and more things that they get to do.”可知, 除了借口冰淇淋和蛋糕, 作者的孩子喜欢生日是因为他们可以得到更多的特权, 做更多的事情。故答案为Because they can get more privileges and more things to do.

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“The contrast between my preschoolers full of energy and the old women siting in the wheelchair by the door made me lost in thought.”我那些精力充沛的学龄前儿童和坐在门口轮椅上的老妇人之间的对比让我陷入了沉思。和“Not so long ago”不久前, 可知划线词的意思是"充满精力的"。故答案为Energetic.

（4）考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“In any difficult situation, I will try to find the good things about it, no matter how small the good things might be.”在任何困难的情况下,我将试着找到好东西,无论多么小的好事。故答案为Try to find good things however difficult the

situation is.

（5）开放题。此题是"生日对你意味着什么", 这应该是因人而变。故答案为Open.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和开放题四个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，概括，归纳，从而做出正确答案。

9．阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。

After we all came to the conclusion that our family could responsibly care for dog; my husband and I started our search at a local animal shelter.

We discovered a medium-sized male dog named Duke. This dog was a approximately only two years old and seemed to have the sweetest character. He looked at us through intelligent eyes and already knew how to fetch a ball. My husband and I immediately adopted him Duke quickly fit into our family's lifestyle. And he quickly learned the tricks like "sit", and "come".

But there was one skill that Duke could not seem to grasp---that of a watchdog. My husband was trying to teach him to remind us by giving a single warning bark when someone came into the yard. Duke would listen carefully to my husband's commands, but would cock （竖起）his head to one side in confusion and disappointment as if to tell his master that he just didn't understand what my husband was asking him to do. My husband would give his "watch" command. Duke would stand up---muscles tightened in readiness, but would not have a clue as to what he was in readiness for.

One morning we heard the garbage collectors come up the driveway to get our garbage.

My husband went to the open bedroom window so Duke could hear and see the men through the screen.

"Watch" my husband commanded. Duke rose in readiness, looked at my husband as sudden comprehension dawned on him, gave a quick tail wave, and leaped through the window screen jumping happily out to greet the garbage men.

Seeing that, I couldn't help laughing. My laughter did nothing for my husbands mood when he found what was happening and he just went away to repair the screen with no expression on his face.

Duke brought our family so much fun. We never scolded or beat him. He was one of our family members.

（1）What was Duke like when the author adopted him? (no more than 10 words)

（2）What did the author's husband expect Duke to do as a watchdog? (no more than 15 words) （3）What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 5? (no more than 10 words) （4）How did the author and her husband feel about Duke's leaping through the window? (no more than 10 words)

（5）How do you think people should treat their pets? (no more than 20 words)

【答案】（1）It was medium-sized, young, sweet and intelligent.

（2）To remind them by giving a single warning bark when someone came into the yard.

（3）Suddenly Duke understood his master's command/intention/thoughts.

（4）The author was amused while her husband feet calm about it.

（5）I think people should love their pets and have fun with them instead of abusing them. Or: I think people should love their pets and treat them as the family members.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者收养宠物狗Duke以后所发生的故事。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“We discovered a medium-sized male dog named Duke. This dog was approximately only two years old and seemed to have the sweetest character. He looked at us through intelligent eyes and already knew how to fetch a ball.”可知，当作者收养Duke时，他中等大小的身材、年轻、可爱且聪明。故答案为It was medium-sized，young， sweet and intelligent.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“And he quickly learned the tricks like ‘sit’，‘stay’，and ‘come’”.和第三段中的“But there was one skill that Duke could not seem to grasp — that of a watchdog.”可知，Duke被作者的家庭收养后学会了“sit”，“stay”，“come” 和“be a watchdog”，故答案为Duke learned how to “sit”，“stay”，“come” and “be a watchdog”.

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“g ave a quick tail wave, and leaped through the window screen, jumping happily out to greet the garbage men.”它很快地摇了摇尾巴，从窗玻璃里跳出来，高兴地跳出来迎接收垃圾的人。可知，Duke突然明白了主人的命令/意图/想法。故答案为Suddenly Duke understood his master's command/intention/thoughts.

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“S eeing that, I couldn't help laughing. My laughter did nothing for my husband's mood when he found what was happening and he just went away to repair the screen with no expression on his face.”看到这，我忍不住笑了。当我丈夫发现发生的事情时，我的笑声并没有影响他的情绪，他只是离开去修理屏幕，脸上没有任何表情。可知，Duke从窗户跳出来时作者被逗乐了，而她的丈夫对此却感到很平静。故答案为The author was amused while her husband felt calm about it.

（5）开放性试题。如何对待宠物？我认为人们应该爱他们的宠物，和他们一起玩，而不是虐待他们。

或者:我认为人们应该爱他们的宠物，把他们当作家庭成员。故答案为I think people should love their pets and have fun with them, instead of abusing them.Or: I think people should love their pets and treat them as the family members.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和开放试题四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

10．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

At the age of forty-five, my usually well-ordered life became full of changes. After twenty-two years of working in a bank, a plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, I was one of them.

My once secure future became uncertain. However, I was not a single parent, so the family did not depend only on my income and my husband can support the family. My motto has always been, "Change is good; change is progress", but when it affected my livelihood, I had to change it. "Accept change and make the most of it." From the beginning, I chose to look at this matter not as bad luck, but as a welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do

something new and different.

Having a positive attitude made all the difference in the way I pursued the future. First, I decided to return to college and graduate many years later than I should have. Doing this at my age took more than a little courage. Not being a graduate had never held me back in my career in the bank, but now it's a personal goal I longed to achieve. With a lot of determination, I went to evening classes and became an adult student. In the class, I became more and more confident. During this time, I realized that no matter what life throws in our way, nothing can hinder our personal growth.

The second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life. It used to be filled with endless, and sometimes meaningless events. But now, my heart and life are completely around people I care for.

The loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life. Revisiting the past made room for the future. I realize that I have accepted the change, and am making the most of it.

（1）What made the author lose her job? (no more than 10 words)

（2）What did the author do after the unemployment? (no more than 15 words)

（3）How do you understand the underlined word in Paragraph 3? (no more than 3 words) （4）How would you describe the author in terms of personalities? (no more than 5 words) （5）What's your attitude towards the "changes" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】（1）The bank's plan to use less staff. Or: Less staff in the bank.

（2）Return to college and reevaluate her past life.Or: Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.

（3）stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid

（4）She is optimistic and determined. Or: She is active and adaptable.

（5）I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life. Or: I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，生活中充满了变数,作者用自己的经历告诉我们要接受并善于利用这些改变。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"a plan to use less staff led to the unemployment of over one hundred people. Unluckily, was one of them."可知,银行的裁员计划让作者失业了,故填The bank's plan to use less staff. /Less staff in the bank.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"First, I decided to return to college"及第四段中的"The second thing I did to improve my inner self was to reevaluate my past life."可知,失业后,作者回到大学并重新评估自己过去的生活,故填Return to college and reevaluate her past life。/Return to college and devote more time to her beloved people.

（3）考查句义猜测。根据画线词后的"our personal growth"可知,无论生活给我们带来了什么（变化）,没有什么能阻碍我们的个人成长,由此可知画线词词义为"阻碍",故填stop/ prevent; prohibit /forbid。

（4）考查概括归纳。根据第二段中的"I chose to look at this matter not as bad luck, but as a welcome chance. I refused to become sorry; instead, I actively planned to do something new and

different."可知,作者把失业看作一个好机会而不是坏运气,拒绝难过,积极地去做一些新的、不同的事情,下文又说作者回到大学并重新评估过去的生活,由此可见,作者积极、乐观、有决心并且适应能力强,故填She is optimistic and determined./She is active and adaptable.

（5）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的"The loss of my job led to some positive changes in my life."及"I have accepted the change, and am making the most of it."可知,我会接受生活中的变化并积极地生活,故填I will accept the changes and try my best to live a positive life./I will make use of every chance to be successful in my life.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，概括归纳和观点态度四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而做出正确答案。