定语从句讲与练教学案
定语从句讲与练
一、定语的概念：
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)
a beautiful girl （）three boys （）
a shoe factory （） Jim’s father ( )
our teacher ( ) the man in the car （）
the man standing at the door（） the man who is talking with Sam （）二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：
1．定语从句：修饰某______或_______的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫_______；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词________；引导定语从句的词叫________。
请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
I like those books whose topics are about history.
2. 定语从句的主要特征：
（1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；
（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；
（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“…….的”，请翻译：
The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
3.用定语从句合并两个句子
1.Mr. Smith is a teacher. He is very strict.
2.The girl is called Mary. I saw her yesterday.
3.There are two other sharks. They are fierce.
4.This is the factory. I visited it last year.
5.This is the most exciting moment. I will never forget it.
6.I have found such books. They are beneficial to us.
7.I bought the same dress. You wore the dress yesterday.
8.He is such a kind teacher. We all like him.
9.The house is Tom’s. Its door faces south.
10.The house is Tom’s. The door of the house faces south.
总结：“先行词==关系词==定语从句中所缺成分”
三、定语从句的基本用法：
略
（一）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
分析：先行词the boys 在从句中作主语。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
You needn’t talk to the people who you don’t like talking to.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
译成汉语：_________________________________
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
I lost the book whose cover was blue.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
We live in a house whose windows face the south.
译成汉语:_________________________
注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
＝The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
＝Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose + 名词＝ ___________________________ 4．which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.
译成汉语:____________________
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
The house which is by the lake looks nice.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.
译成汉语：___________________________
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
5．that引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind.
The season that / comes after spring is summer.
Yesterday I received a letter that /_______ came from Australia.
(二) 关系副词引导的定语从句
1．when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/at which代替。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
The time when we got together finally arrived.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
把这个句子改成两个简单句：__________________________________________
_________________________________________ 分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.
把这个句子改成两个简单句：__________________________________________
_________________________________________ 分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/at which代替。Shanghai is the city where I was born.
把这个句子改成两个简单句：__________________________________________
_________________________________________ 分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
把这个句子改成两个简单句：__________________________________________
_________________________________________ 分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
3．why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。常可用for which来代替。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
译成汉语：____________________
注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：
From the years when (=______________) he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. I will never forget the moment when (=______________) the blind students moved us.
Great changes are taking place in the city where (=______________) they live.
The reason why (=______________) he refused the invitation is quite clear.