一般现在时的“被动语态”

一般现在时的“被动语态”

英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受着。如果我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或需要强调动作的承受者时，就必须用被动语态。

一般现在时主动语态变被动语态的方法

例：我们每天打扫教室。

主动语态：We clean our classroom every day.

主语谓语宾语

被动语态：Our classroom is cleaned by us every day.

主语谓语宾语

【说明】主动语态变被动语态一般分四步：1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2）将主动语态的谓语结构变为被动语态的谓语结构，即“助动词be的各种时态形式+ 及物动词的过去分词”；3）将主动语态中的主语放在介词by后，by短语通常位于被动谓语结构之后；4）主动语态中的时间或地点状语等在被动语态中不变。

一般现在时被动语态的否定、疑问形式

一般现在时的被动语态中有助动词am, is, are,

故其否定式是在am, is, are后加not；一般疑问句形式是将am, is, are提到句首；特殊疑问句形式是疑问词+ 一般疑问句。如：

【肯定句】The desk is made by him.

【否定句】The desk is not made by him.

【一般疑问句】Is the desk made by him?

Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t.)

【特殊疑问句】Where is the desk made by him?

下面的几种情况用被动语态

1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者时。如：

Silk is produced in Suzhou. 苏州出产丝绸。

2. 当没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者时。如：

Colour TV sets are sold in that shop. 那个商店出售彩电。

3. 强调说明动作的承受者时。如：

These bicycles are made in China. 这些自行车是中国制造的。

【温馨提示】如果需要说明动作的执行者时，由介词by引出。如：

This coat is made by her mother.这件大衣是她妈妈做的。

被动语态三注意

在主动语态变被动语态时，初学者常犯的错误有：

1. 误用人称代词

例：Jim often sees us.

【误】Us are often seen (by Jim).

【正】We are often seen (by Jim).

【析】主动语态的宾语是人称代词时，在变被动语态时要用其对应的主格形式。

2. 误用过去式代替过去分词

例：My father gives me ten yuan every week.

【误】I am gave ten yuan (by my father) every week.

【正】I am given ten yuan(by my father) every week.

【析】注意不规则动词的过去式与过去分词不一致的情况。

3. 混淆主、被动谓语结构

例：Does he do a lot of work every day?

【误】Does a lot of work done (by him) every day?

【正】Is a lot of work done (by him) every day?

【析】不要把主、被动谓语结构混为一谈，尤

其在否定句、疑问句中。