呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸科英语
Bronch
ial asthma 支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒
Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素
Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿
Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病
Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌
ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征
Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊
Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄
Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素
B
Biopsy 活检
Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张
Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检
BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗
Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎
Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查
C
CAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏
CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺
Clubbed finger 杵状指
dry cough 干咳
Cyanosis 紫绀
Nonproductive cough 干咳
Complication 并发症
D
Dyspnea 呼吸困难
Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断
Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断
E
Emphysema 肺气肿
pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞
Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡
etiology 病因学
Emphysematous 肺大泡
Expectoration 吐痰
Exacerbation 加重
Endogenous内生的
Exogenous 外生的
F
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化
G
GM+ Gram stain positive
Gm- Gram stain negative
H
Hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎
Hemoglobin 血红蛋白
Hemoptysis 咯血
Hemorrhage 出血
HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学
Hypoxia 缺氧
I
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎
Intratracheal 气管内的
Intravenous 静脉内的
N
Noninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气
O
OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征
P
Pulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音
Pneumonia 肺炎
Pneumothorax 气胸
PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液
Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（insterstial间质的）
Plumonary edema 肺水肿
Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎
2/3
Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎
R
Moist rales 湿罗音
Dry rales 干罗音
S
SaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短
Syncope 晕厥
Sarcoidosis 结节病
Segment 段
T
Tuberculosis 结核病
Tachypnea 气促
Thrombosis 血栓
TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查
U
Upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染
W
Wheeze 哮鸣音
其他
facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉
细菌
steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌
staphylococcus 葡萄球菌
legionella 军团菌
mycoplasma 支原体
chlamydia 衣原体
pneumococcus 肺炎球菌
video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θ?'r?k?sk?up] 胸腔镜lung biopsy
open lung biopsy
pleural biopsy
biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes
D-Dimers
electrocardiogram (ECG)心电图
echocardiogram超声心动图
V/Q isotope['ais?ut?up] 同位素scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)
spiral螺旋CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,?nd?i'?ɡr?fi]血管造影术) pulmonary angiography
Doppler['d?pl?] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿and pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)
cardiac monitor
PSG( polysommography)
常见的病名diseases
acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染
common cold 普通感冒
influenza 流感[,influ'enz?]
pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgia[f?rin'g?ld?i?] 咽痛
acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎
4/14
pneumonia 肺炎
community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎
pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘
allergic rhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎
respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭
lung abscess 肺脓肿
pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病
lung cancer: 肺癌
primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌
squamous['skweim?s] cell carcinoma 鳞癌
adenocarcinoma 腺癌['?d?n?u,kɑ:si'n?um?]
bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌
small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌
pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[m?'t?st?sis]
pulmonary embolism （PE）肺栓塞
pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症[,θr?mb?u'emb?liz?m] pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸[,empai'i:m?] pneumothorax气胸
pyopneumothorax 脓气胸['pai?u,nju:m?u'θ?:r?ks]
chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病['s?pju?r?tiv, -reitiv]
congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[,sai?'n?tik]
cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['k?:,pum?'n?li]
pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压
pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病[en,sef?'l?p?θi]
right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭
pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病
interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idi?'p?θik]
cryptogenic[,kript?u'd?enik] 隐源性的fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病
systemic lupus['lju:p?s]狼疮erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮
dermatomyositis 皮肌炎
sarcoidosis 结节病[,sɑ:k?i'd?usis]
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[,pr?utii'n?usis], PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ['hi:m?u,sid?'r?usis, ,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡr?nju,l?um?'t?usis]
Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:?sin?'filik]
Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症X
Wegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿
extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎
pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:m?,k?uni'?usis]
drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病
aspergillosis[?,sp?:d?i'l?usis] 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) pleural disease 胸膜疾病
broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘['fistjul?]
oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮[,k?ndi'dai?sis]
osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变
glaucoma 青光眼
cataract白内障
acute lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤
acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征
urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病be administered, treat sb. with empirical 经验性的, prophylactic[,pr?fi'l?ktik, ,pr?u-]预防性, remedial[ri'mi:di?l]治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药[eks'pekt?r?nt] Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂[,mju:k?u'litik] 常用的药物drugs or agents
bronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,br??k?udai'leit?]
B2-agonists['?ɡ?nist]兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇[s?l'bju:t?m?(:)l] long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗
muscarinic[,m?sk?'rinik] 毒蕈碱样的antagonists[?n't?ɡ?nist]对抗剂: ipratropium bromide['br?umaid] 异丙托溴胺
aminophylline 氨茶碱[?,mi:n?u'fili:n]
steroids['sti?r?id]类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈
po(per 德，os)., beclomethasone[,bekl?u'meθ?s?un]倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone['pred'nis?l?un] 强的松
hydrocortisone[,haidr?u'k?:tiz?un] 氢化可的松iv.
mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠
leukotriene[,lju:k?u'trai?n]白三烯receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特
respiratory stimulants:
lobeline
6/14
nikethamide[ni'keθ?maid, -mid]尼可刹米
cardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂[,daiju?'retik] albumin 白蛋白['?lbjumin] antitussive agents 镇咳药[,?nti't?siv]
ammonium chloride 氯化铵[?'m?unj?m]铵['kl?:raid]氯化物
ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）
Pantoloc潘妥洛克
常用的治疗措施
low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae['k?njuli:]鼻导管，Venturi[ven'tju?ri]文里氏face-mask nebulizer['nebjulaiz?]喷雾器: finer particle size (3 to 20um) allows tracheobronchial deposition metered dose inhaler (MDI)定量雾化吸入器
via intubation[,intju:'bei??n]插管，tracheostomy [,tr?ki'?st?mi, ,trei-]气管造口术，tracheotomy[,tr?ki'?t?mi, ,trei-]气管切开术)
synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气
pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气
thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术[,θ?:r?k?sen'tesis] chest drain/drainage 引流术chemotherapy 化疗radiation therapy 放疗
pneumonectomy 肺切除术[,nju:m?u'nekt?mi]
lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术[l?u'bekt?mi]叶切除术
thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[,θ?:r?'k?t?mi]
pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术
pleurectomy 胸膜切除术
pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术
thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术
inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器
cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['v?rik?us]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysis
deviation :trachea and apex ['eipeks]尖端shift contralaterally对立的旁边
CXR: translucency [tr?nz'lju:s?nsi] 半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim边缘
refractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy[plu'rekt?mi]胸膜切除术, bulla['bul?] 大疱stapling装订or lasering激光常用的化疗药
9/14
cisplatin 顺铂
Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar (盐酸吉西他滨注射剂) paclitaxel; taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素
beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesis
penicillin skin test
amoxicillin 阿莫西林
piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类
cefradine 头孢拉啶
cefaclor 头孢克洛
cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦
ceftriaxone 头孢曲松
cefpiramide 头孢吡啶
ceftazidime 头孢他定
ceftizoxime 头孢唑污
carbopenems 碳青霉烯类
azactam 氨曲南
meropenem 美罗培南
imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin 万古霉素norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素
teicoplanin 替考拉林
Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin 罗红霉素
clarithromycin 克拉霉素
azithromycin 阿奇霉素
erythromycin 红霉素
Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno- and ototoxic inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）
gentamicin 庆大霉素
streptomycin 链霉素
Sulfamido 磺胺类
sulfamethoxazole compound (SMZ.CO)
Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrase
norfloxacin 诺氟沙星
ofloxacin 氧氟沙星
levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星
gatifloxacin 加替沙星
moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星
Tetracycline 四环素类minocycline 美满霉素Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类metronidazole 甲硝唑
tinidazole 替硝唑
ornidazole 奥硝唑
Antitubercular agents抗结核药
rifampicin 利福平
rifapentine 利福喷丁
isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼
pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺
ethambutol 乙胺丁醇
Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药
nystatin 制霉菌素
amphotericin 两性霉素B
fluconazole 氟康唑
voriconazole 伏立康唑
itraconazole 伊曲康唑
Antivirus agents
ribavirin 利巴韦林
oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）
lamivudine 拉米夫定
entecavir 恩替卡韦
常见的病原微生物
microorganism, microbe 微生物
bacterium 细菌
lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂多糖
antibiotics 抗生素
pyrogen 致热原
exotoxin 外毒素
endotoxin 内毒素
Gram stain 革兰染色
Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位
antibacterial agents 抗菌药
resistance 耐药性
ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶
MRSA：methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia 菌血症
toxemia 毒血症
11/14
endotoxemia 内毒素血症
septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性
virulence 毒力
median lethal dose (LD50) 半数致死量
median infective dose (ID50) 半数感染量
virus 病毒
replication 复制
viremia 病毒血症
normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调
dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症
opportunistic infection 机会性感染
conditioned infection 条件致病性感染
endogenous infection 内源性感染
exogenous infection 外源性感染
antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最小抑菌浓度
minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 最小杀菌浓度
disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptic technique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌
antisepsis 防腐
disinfectant 消毒剂
bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂
bactericide 杀菌剂
autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法
ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线
isolation precaution 隔离预防
artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫
vaccination 疫苗接种
killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗
attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗
toxoid 类毒素
artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫
antitoxin 抗毒素
gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白
Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌
Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌
Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌
12/14
Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌
Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌
Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌
Legionella 军团杆菌属
Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌
Serratia 沙雷菌属
Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌
Acinebacter 不动杆菌属
Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌
Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌
Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌
Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌
Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌
Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌
Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌
Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPD Old tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌
Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌
Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌
Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌
Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌
antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻
pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌
Yersinia 耶尔森菌属
Brucella 布氏菌属
Actinomyces 放线菌属
Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）
Venereal disease reference laboratory (VDRL)
Rapid plasma regain (RPR)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体
Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体
Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒
Influenza virus 流感病毒
Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒
Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒
13/14
Coronavirus 冠状病毒
Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS Adenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒
Enterovirus 肠道病毒
Rotavirus 轮状病毒
hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒
Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒
Hantavirus 汉坦病毒
Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热
Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒
Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒
Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒
Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒
Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型
Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒
Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS
Human T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒
Adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞性白血病
Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子
Hypha 菌丝
Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌
Trichophyton 毛癣菌属
Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属
Tinea 癣
Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属
Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病
Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌
Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎
Aspergillus 曲霉菌
Mucor 毛霉菌属
英语教学法教学大纲--专业
《英语教学法》课程教学大纲 英文名称：English Teaching Methodology 课程代码：0452117 学时数：32学时学分：2 课程类别： 课程性质：必修 适用专业：英语（教育方向） 先修课程：教育学、心理学、综合英语、英语听力、英语口语、 考核方式：闭卷笔试 一、课程的性质、地位和作用 《英语教学法》是英语（教育方向）专业必修课程，也是专业核心课程，在本专业的课程体系中具有举足轻重的作用。它在学生掌握一定的英语语言基本知识与基本技能以及教育学心理学基本理论的基础上，帮助学生形成英语教与学的理论素养与实践技能，直接为学生的顺利就业打下基础。本课程立足于培养优秀的中小学英语教学应用型人才，除了让学生掌握扎实学习教学理论知识之外，还让其具备较强的实际教学能力，较强的分析能力、合作能力和创新创业能力。本课程的作用是使学生系统地掌握英语教学的基本理论以及各教学层面的基本路子和方法，形成科学的教学观、语言观、学习观和方法观等，并具备一定的基本操作能力，旨在引导学生以本书阐述的理论为线索，了解英语教学的基本方法，初步掌握英语教学的理论知识，为将来从事英语教育打下坚实的基础。 二、教学内容及要求 第1章导论 【教学要求】 了解教学法的研究对象和意义以及英语教师的专业发展过程 重点和难点：教学法的内涵和教师专业发展 【教学内容】
1、教学法研究的对象、内容； 2、学习英语教学法的意义； 3、何为一名合格的英语教师 4、如何成长为一名合格的英语教师 【教学重点与难点】 教学法的内涵与本质；语言教师的专业发展过程 第2章、语言与语言教学 【教学要求】 了解语言的性质；了解语言学习的过程；了解语言教学的主要流派及其理论基础；了解语言教学的新趋势； 【教学内容】 1）语言、语言教学的性质； 2）英语教学的语言学基础 3）英语教学的心理学基础 4）语言教学的主要流派及其理论基础； 【教学重点与难点】 语言教学的主要流派及其理论基础；语言教学的新趋势； 第3章、英语教学方法 【教学要求】 理解交际能力的内涵；了解交际教学和任务性语言教学的发展历程和基本特征；基本掌握交际教学原则在教学实践中的运用；正确评价交际教学法和任务型语言教学； 【教学内容】 1、交际能力的内涵及对英语教学的启示； 2、交际能力的内涵 3、交际教学的基本特征； 4、交际教学活动的创设； 5、对交际教学法的评价；
会计学专业会计英语试题
一、w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s 1.残值 scrip value 2.分期付款 installment 3.concern 企业 4.reversing entry 转回分录 5.找零 change 6.报销 turn over 7.past due 过期 8.inflation 通货膨胀 9.on account 赊账 10.miscellaneous expense 其他费用 11.charge 收费 12.汇票 draft 13.权益 equity 14.accrual basis 应计制15.retained earnings 留存收益 16.trad-in 易新，以旧换新 17.in transit 在途 18.collection 托收款项 19.资产 asset 20.proceeds 现值 21.报销 turn over 22.dishonor 拒付 23.utility expenses 水电费 24.outlay 花费 25.IOU 欠条 26.Going-concern concept 持续经营 27.运费 freight 二、M ultiple-choice question 1.Which of the following does not describe accounting? ( C ) A. Language of business B. Useful ofr decision making C. Is an end rathe than a means to an end. https://www.360docs.net/doc/2814901040.html,ed by business, government, nonprofit organizations, and individuals. 2.An objective of financial reporting is to ( B ) A. Assess the adequacy of internal control. B.Provide information useful for investor decisions. C.Evaluate management results compared with standards. D.Provide information on compliance with established procedures. 3.Which of the following statements is(are) correct?( B ) A.Accumulated depreciation represents a cash fund being accumulated for the replacement of plant assets. B.A company may use different depreciation methods in its financial statements and its income tax return. C.The cost of a machine includes the cost of repairing damage to the machine during the installation process. D.The use of an accelerated depreciation method causes an asset to wear out more quickly than does use of the unit-of-product method. 4. Which of the following is(are) correct about a company’s balance sheet? ( B ) A.It displays sources and uses of cash for the period. B.It is an expansion of the basic accounting equation C.It is not sometimes referred to as a statement of financial position. D.It is unnecessary if both an income statement and statement of cash flows are availabe. 5.Objectives of financial reporting to external investors and creditors include preparing information about all of the following except. ( A ) https://www.360docs.net/doc/2814901040.html,rmation used to determine which products to poduce https://www.360docs.net/doc/2814901040.html,rmation about economic resources, claims to those resources, and changes in both resources and claims. https://www.360docs.net/doc/2814901040.html,rmation that is useful in assessing the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows. https://www.360docs.net/doc/2814901040.html,rmation that is useful in making ivestment and credit decisions. 6.Each of the following measures strengthens internal control over cash receipts except. ( C )
会计专业英语重点1
Unit 1 Financial information about a business is needed by many outsiders .These outsiders include owners, bankers, other creditors, potential investors, labor unions, government agencies ,and the public ,because all these groups have supplied money to the business or have some other interest in the business that will be served by information about its financial position and operating results. 许多企业外部的人士需要有关企业的财务信息，这些外部人员包括所有者、银行家、其他债权人、潜在投资者、工会、政府机构和公众，因为这些群体对企业投入了资金，或享有某些利益，所以必须得到企业财务状况和经营成果信息。 Unit 2 Each proprietorship, partnership, and corporation is a separate entity. 每一独资企业、合伙企业和股份公司都是一个单独的主体。 In accrual accounting, the impact of events on assets and equities is recognized on the accounting records in the time periods when services are rendered or utilized instead of when cash is received or disbursed. That is revenue is recognized as it is earned, and expenses are recognized as they are incurred –not when cash changes hands .if the cash basis accounting were used instead of the accrual basis, revenue and expense recognition would depend solely on the timing of various cash receipts and disbursements. 在权责发生制下，视服务的提供而非现金的收付在本期对资产和权益的影响作出会计记录。即，收入是在赚取时确认，费用是在发生时确认——而不是在现金转手时。如果现金收付制替代权责发生制，那么收入和费用仅仅依靠各种现金收付活动的时间确定来确认。 Unit 3 During each accounting year ,a sequence of accounting procedures called the accounting cycle is completed. 在每一会计年度内，要依次完成被称为会计循环的会计程序。 Transactions are analyzed on the basis of the business documents known as source documents and are recorded in either the general journal or the special journal, i. e . the sales journal ,the purchases journal (invoice register ) ,cash receipts journal and cash disbursements journal . 根据业务凭证即原始凭证分析各项交易，并记入普通日记账或特种日记账，也就是销货日记账，购货日记账（发票登记簿），现金收入日记账和现金支出日记账。 A trial balance is prepared from the account balance in the ledger to prove the equality of debits and credits. 根据分类账户的余额编制试算平衡表，借以验证借项和贷项是否相等。 A T-account has a left-hand side and a right-hand side, called respectively the debit side and credit side. 一个T 型账户有左方和右方，分别称做借方和贷方。 After transactions are entered ,account balance (the difference between the sum of its debits and the sum of its credits ) can be computed.
会计专业英语期末试题 )
期期末测试题 Ⅰ、Translate The Following Terms Into Chinese 、 1、entity concept 主题概念 2、depreciation折旧 3、double entry system 4、inventories 5、stable monetary unit 6、opening balance 7、current asset 8、financial report 9、prepaid expense 10、internal control 11、cash flow statement 12、cash basis 13、tangible fixed asset 14、managerial accounting 15、current liability 16、internal control 17、sales return and allowance 18、financial position 19、balance sheet 20、direct write-off method Ⅱ、Translate The Following Sentences Into Chinese 、 1、Accounting is often described as an information system、It is the system that measures business activities, processes into reports and communicates these findings to decision makers、 2、The primary users of financial information are investors and creditors、Secondary users include the public, government regulatory agencies, employees, customers, suppliers, industry groups, labor unions, other companies, and academic researchers、 3、There are two sources of assets、One is liabilities and the other is owner’s equity、Liabilities are obligations of an entity arising from past transactions or events, the settlement of which may result in the transfer or use of assets or services in the future、 资产有两个来源，一个就是负债，另一个就是所有者权益。负债就是由过去得交易或事件产生得实体得义务，其结算可能导致未来资产或服务得转让或使用。 4、Accounting elements are basic classification of accounting practices、They are essential units to present the financial position and operating result of an entity、In China, we have six groups of accounting elements、They are assets, liabilities, owner’s equity, revenue, expense and profit (income)、会计要素就是会计实践得基础分类。它们就是保护财务状况与实体经营
高职专业英语教学模式
高职专业英语教学模式及案例分析 “模式”一词是英文model的汉译名词。model还译为“模型”、“范式”、“典型”等。何谓“教学模式”？美国乔伊斯和韦尔在《教学模式》一书中是这样界定的：“教学模式是构成课程和作业、选择教材、提示教师活动的一种范式或计划。”也就是说，是在一定的教学思想或教学理论指导下建立各种类型教学活动的基本结构 或框架，即为教学模式。其具体表现为教学过程中多样性和可操作性的程序策略体系。高职专业英语教学没有现成的模式，也不允许恪守固定的模式，但这并不是说不需要模式、排弃模式。因此教师对教学模式的选择和运用是有一定的要求，教学模式必须与教学目标相契合，并考虑实际的教学条件和针对不同的教学内容来选择教学模式。 一、高职专业英语适用的教学模式 对教学模式的研究，一向是教育学界研究的热点。近几十年来，研究者提出了各种各样的教学模式，乔伊斯和韦尔在《教学模式》一书中将其归纳成传递接受式、自学辅导式、探究式、概念获得式、巴特勒学习式、抛锚式、范例式、现象分析式、加涅式、奥苏贝尔式、合作学习式、发现式等12大类。这12大类模式都是从教学的整体出发，根据教学的规律原则而归纳提炼出的包括教学形式和方法在内的具有典型性、稳定性、易学性的教学样式。它们各有特点，在教学中是选择某个单一模式、还是几个模式相互融合在一起，教师需根据学生情况和教材内容而定。
笔者在常年的专业英语教学实践中，曾尝试各种不同的模式，几经磨砺后，遵循教学模式的建构理论，尝试总结出下述两个模式，并在职业学院专业英语教学中运用，取得了不错的教学效果。 其一，传递接受模式与探究模式相结合的模式 传递接受模式源于赫尔巴特的四段教学法，很多教师在教学中自觉不自觉地都在用这种方法教学。其理论基础是行为心理学中操作性条件反射的原理，着眼点在于充分挖掘人的记忆力、推理能力与间接经验在掌握知识方面的作用，使学生比较快速有效地掌握更多的信息量。基本教学程序是： 复习旧课——激发学习动机——讲授新课——巩固练习——检查评价——间隔性复习 该模式的优点是：学生能在短时间内接受大量的信息；不足是：学生对接受的信息很难真正地理解，不利于培养的学生创新思维和解决实际问题的能力。 探究式教学模式的理论基础是依据皮亚杰和布鲁纳的建构主义理论，注重学生的前认知，并以“问题解决”为中心的，着眼于学生的思维能力的培养。基本教学程序是： 问题——假设——推理——验证——总结提高 该模式的优点是：能够培养学生创新能力、思维能力，以及自主学习的能力。不足是：只适宜知识面宽的学生。 所谓传递接受模式与探究模式相结合的模式，就是在了解学生知识储备的前提下，将两种模式结合取舍，然后运用，可以最大化地
《财会专业英语》期末试卷及答案
《财会专业英语》期终试卷 I.Put the following into corresponding groups. (15 points) 1.Cash on hand 2.Notes receivable 3.Advances to suppliers 4. Other receivables 5.Short-term loans 6.Intangible assets 7.Cost of production 8.Current year profit 9. Capital reserve 10.Long-term loans 11.Other payables 12. Con-operating expenses 13.Financial expenses 14.Cost of sale 15. Accrued payroll II.Please find the best answers to the following questions. (25 Points) 1. Aftin Co. performs services on account when Aftin collects the account receivable A.assets increase B.assets do not change C.owner’s equity d ecreases D.liabilities decrease 2. A balance sheet report . A. the assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity on a particular date B. the change in the owner’s capital during the period C. the cash receipt and cash payment during the period D. the difference between revenues and expenses during the period 3. The following information about the assets and liabilities at the end of 20 x 1 and 20 x 2 is given below: 20 x 1 20 x 2 Assets $ 75,000 $ 90,000 Liabilities 36,000 45,000 how much the owner’sequity at the end of 20 x 2 ? A.$ 4,500 B.$ 6,000 C.$ 45,000 D.$ 43,000
会计专业英语翻译
. 1. Accounting first is an economic calculation. Economic calculation includes both static phenomenon on the economy's stock of the situation, including the situation of the period of dynamic flow, including both pre-calculated plan, but also after the actual calculation. Accounting is a typical example of economic calculation, calculation of economic calculation in addition to accounting, which includes statistical computing and business computing. 2. Accounting is an economic information systems. It would be a company dispersed into the business activities of a group of objective data, providing the company's performance, problems, and enterprise funds, labor, ownership, income, costs, profits， debt, and other information. Clearly, the accounting is to provide financial information-based economy information systems, business is the licensing of a points, thus accounting has been called "corporate language." 3. Accounting is an economic management.The accounting is social production develops to a certain stage of the product development and production is to meet the needs of the management, especially with the development of the commodity economy and the emergence of competition in the market through demand management on the economy activities strict control and supervision. At the same time, the content and form of accounting constantly improve and change, from a purely accounting, scores, mainly for accounting operations, external submit accounting statements, as in prior operating forecasts, decision-making, on the matter of economic activities control and supervision, in hindsight, check. Clearly, accounting whether past, present or future, it is people's economic management activities.
数学专业英语期中测试
数学专业英语期中测试要求 将下列论文的摘要翻译为英语（按照学号顺序每个人分一个题目）。标题字体为黑体，字号三号，“摘要”二字以及“关键字”三字黑体，字号小四，其它字体为宋体，字号小四。行间距都为1.5倍行距。每人把自己要翻译的中文拷贝下来，然后在后面把它翻译为英文(英文字号与中文一样，字体为Times new roman，黑体的地方改为加粗)，写上姓名，学号（格式如下面的例子），打印出来交给我。大家认真做一下，你们写毕业论文要用到，学一学怎样写规范的文章，包括文章的排版（上学期反复强调交给我的matlab程序的打印的格式，结果有人交给我的程序竟然有上百页，字体很大，行距很大，还单面打印！（按照要求做的话只要几页就够了）有些人老是听不进老师讲的话！这样做既劳民伤财又不利于存档）。大家做好以后交到学习委员处，学习委员收齐以后交来给我，期末之前给我就行。 例子 中文标题 （姓名：学号：） 摘要 这是摘要正文…… …… 关键字：关键字1；关键字2；关键字3 English title （name: ,student id: ） Abstract This is the content of the abstract…… …… Keywords: keywords1; keywords2; keywords3;
1.泰勒公式的证明及其应用 摘要 本文先叙述并证明了不同条件下的泰勒公式，并进行了比较。然后讨论了泰勒公式在不同领域中的应用。本文着重论述了带有积分余项，拉格朗日余项和佩亚诺余项三种形式的泰勒公式，并比较了带不同余项的泰勒公式的异同。泰勒公式是数学分析中的重要知识，在理论分析和实际中都有广泛的应用。本文讨论了泰勒公式在10个方面的应用：利用泰勒公式求极限和导数，求无穷远处极限，证明中值公式，中值点的极限，证明不等式，导数的中值，估计关于界的估计，方程中的应用以及在近似计算中的应用。 关键词：泰勒公式；积分余项；佩亚诺余项；拉格朗日余项 2.论中学数学学习中的性别差异及其对成绩的影响 摘要 通过对初、高中两所学校男女学生数学成绩的调查，从智力、非智力、教育、社会环境等方面差异进行分析研究，得出性别差异对学生数学成绩有影响，并且随着年级的升高，男女生的数学成绩存在显著的差异。并提出了提高女生数学成绩应注意的几个方面。 关键词：中学生性别差异数学成绩因性施教 3.论在数学教学中培养学生的创新精神 摘要
大学专业英语教学中PBL模式的应用
第三，教材必须对汉文化背景知识的语言单位或行为单位加以必要的文化注释。但需注意的是，注释必须 有一定的的概况性、 提示性和针对性，注释范围原则上要做到系统、全面、有层次性。 参考文献： ［１］Ｂｙｒａｍ，Ｍ．ＴｅａｃｈｉｎｇａｎｄＡｓｓｅｓｓｉｎｇＩｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＣｏｍｍｕ－ｎｉｃａｔｉｖｅＣｏｍｐｅｔｅｎｃｅ［Ｍ］．Ｃｌｅｖｅｄｏｎ：ＭｕｌｔｉｌｉｎｇｕａｌＭａｔｔｅｒｓ，１９９７． ［２］ＣｌａｉｒｅＫｒａｍｓｃｈ．ＣｏｎｔｅｘｔａｎｄＣｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｎＬａｎｇｕａｇｅＴｅａｃｈ－ｉｎｇ［Ｍ］．Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ：ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＬａｎｇｕａｇｅＥｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎＰｒｅｓｓ，１９９３．［３］赵爱国，姜雅明．应用语言文化学概论［Ｍ］．上海：上海 外语教育出版社， ２００３．２０１３年第·１期 太原城市职业技术学院学报 Journal of TaiYuan Urban Vocational college 期 总第１３８期 Ｊａｎ２０１３ ［摘要］ＰＢＬ模式是一种以学生为中心、基于内容的、探究性的教学模式。通过ＰＢＬ模式在大学专业英语 教学中的实践得出如下结论：项目学习对大学专业英语学习的影响主要体现在激发学生的学习动机，促进学生学习自主性与合作学习能力的提高。 [关键词]ＰＢＬ；专业英语；教学［中图分类号］G642 ［文献标识码］Ａ ［文章编号］１６７３－００４６（２０１３）１－０１５０－０２ 大学专业英语教学中ＰＢＬ模式的应用 王晓彦 （忻州师范学院，山西忻州０３４０００） 一、ＰＢＬ模式概述 ＰＢＬ（Ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ－ｂａｓｅｄＬｅａｒｎｉｎｇ，简称ＰＢＬ），即基于项目的学习，将项目以解决的问题或任务交给学生，学生结合已有的知识与技能，再通过各种渠道搜集相关信息，与他人进行合作交流，最终将成果以项目的形式进 行展示。ＰＢＬ模式属于小组合作式学习的一种， 首创于１９６９年加拿大麦克麦思大学的医学教育中，随后，这种教学模式在更多医学院应用并很快被推广到其他学科教育领域。Ｂｌｕｍｅｎｆｅｌｄ等学者将其过程描述为：学生“提出问题、精炼、讨论、推测、计划、试验、收集整理数据、作出结论、交流展示成果、提出的问题、创造出产品”。项 目学习模式注重合作、 创造、展示和交流活动，不仅是一种典型的以学习者为中心的教学模式，也是一种学习者自己能动地进行学习的模式。项目学习模式能够使学生接触到不同的学习方式，适用于不同层次的学生，帮助他们发挥各自优势，提高学习效果。 二、ＰＢＬ模式实施流程及特征 ＰＢＬ模式强调以学生为中心，注重小组合作学习。 根据不同专家学者提出的ＰＢＬ模式实施流程，笔者将 其概括为选定项目、制定计划、实施项目、总结成果、交流成果、评价项目。 ＰＢＬ模式有如下几个主要特征：合作性、问题性、探究性、 自主性。（１）合作性：ＰＢＬ模式尤其适用于学习水平存在着较大差异的学习者之间的合作，拥有不同生活和学习背景的学生能够从不同的角度看待同一问题，提出各自不同的解决问题的途径。通过小组合作学习，可以把学习新知识所带来的认知负担分散到每个小组成员的身上，分别负责某个学习要点。通过合作，小组可以解决单个学生无法解决的问题。 （２）问题性：围绕提出问题、解决问题的学习是ＰＢＬ模式的组织核心。当学生能够从多个角度看待事物的环境时，问题情境能够很快吸引学生的兴趣并使之维持，同时促使他们积极地寻求解决问题的方法。学生致力于对问题的解决，通过分析问题的症结所在，努力寻找解决问题的最好方法，并探究问题解决的现实意义，成为自 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!［４］陈仕清．英语新课程理论与实践［Ｍ］．上海：上海教育出 版社， ２００６．［５］杜学增．中英文化习俗比较［Ｍ］．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，１９９９． ［６］顾喜祖，陆．语言与文化［Ｍ］．上海： 上海外语教育出版社，２００２． ［７］教育部．英语课程标准［Ｓ］．北京： 北师大出版社，２００１．［８］贾玉新．跨文化交际学［Ｍ］．上海：上海外语教育出版社，１９９７．［９］平洪，张国扬．英语习语与英美文化［Ｍ］．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，２０００．［１０］束定芳．外语教学改革：问题与对策［Ｍ］．上海：上海外语教育出版社，２００４． 日升150 ··
(完整版)会计专业英语重点词汇大全
?accounting 会计、会计学 ?account 账户 ?account for / as 核算 ?certified public accountant / CPA 注册会计师?chief financial officer 财务总监?budgeting 预算 ?auditing 审计 ?agency 机构 ?fair value 公允价值 ?historical cost 历史成本?replacement cost 重置成本?reimbursement 偿还、补偿?executive 行政部门、行政人员?measure 计量 ?tax returns 纳税申报表 ?tax exempt 免税 ?director 懂事长 ?board of director 董事会 ?ethics of accounting 会计职业道德?integrity 诚信 ?competence 能力 ?business transaction 经济交易?account payee 转账支票?accounting data 会计数据、信息?accounting equation 会计等式?account title 会计科目 ?assets 资产 ?liabilities 负债 ?owners’ equity 所有者权益 ?revenue 收入 ?income 收益
?gains 利得 ?abnormal loss 非常损失 ?bookkeeping 账簿、簿记 ?double-entry system 复式记账法 ?tax bearer 纳税人 ?custom duties 关税 ?consumption tax 消费税 ?service fees earned 服务性收入 ?value added tax / VAT 增值税?enterprise income tax 企业所得税?individual income tax 个人所得税?withdrawal / withdrew 提款、撤资?balance 余额 ?mortgage 抵押 ?incur 产生、招致 ?apportion 分配、分摊 ?accounting cycle会计循环、会计周期?entry分录、记录 ?trial balance试算平衡?worksheet 工作草表、工作底稿?post reference / post .ref过账依据、过账参考?debit 借、借方 ?credit 贷、贷方、信用 ?summary/ explanation 摘要?insurance 保险 ?premium policy 保险单 ?current assets 流动资产 ?long-term assets 长期资产 ?property 财产、物资 ?cash / currency 货币资金、现金
会计专业英语期末考试练习卷(new)
会计专业英语期末考试练习卷(new)
1. The economic resources of a business are called : B A. Owner ’s Equity B. Assets C. Accounting equation D. Liabilities 2. DTK Company has a $3500 accounts receivable from GRS Company. On January 20, GRS Company makes a partial payment of $210 0 to DTK Company. The journal entry made on January 20 by DTK Company to record this transaction includes: D A. A debit to the cash receivable account of $2100. B. A credit to the accounts receivable account of $2100. C. A debit to the cash account of $1400. D. A debit to the accounts receivable account of $1400. 3. In general terms, financial assets appear in the balance sheet at: A A. Face value. 账面价值 B. Current value. 现值 C. Market value. 市场价值 D. Estimated future sales value. 4. Each of the following measures strengthens intern al control over cash receipts except : D A. The use of a voucher system. B. Preparation of a daily listing of all checks received through the mail. C. The deposit of cash receipts intact in the bank on a daily basis. D. The use of cash registers. 5. Which of the following items is the greatest in dollar amount? D A. Beginning inventory B. Cost of goods sold. C. Cost of goods available for sale D. Ending inventory 6. Why do companies prefer the LIFO inventory 后进先出法method during a period of rising prices? B A. Higher reported income B. Lower income taxes C. Lower reported income D. Higher ending inventory 7. Which of the following characteristics would prevent an item from being included in the classification of plant and equipment? D A. Intangible
英语学科教学常用专业词汇
英语教学法 1语法翻译法Grammer Translation Method 2直接法Direct Method 3听说法Audio-lingual Method 4情景法又称视听法the situational approach 5认知法cognitive approach 6交际法communicative approach 功能法functional approach 意念法notional approach 功能-意念法functional-notional approach 7 任务型教学法task-based language approach 任务前Pre-task 任务环task-cycle :task, planning, reporting 语言聚焦languaga focus: analysis, practice (types of tasks: brainstorming tasks；jigsaw tasks;information-gap tasks; problem-solving tasks;decision-making tasks;opinion exchange tasks) 英语语言知识教学 一、语音教学teaching pronunciation 语流层次的语音教学 stress of sentences; rhythms ;sense-group and pause ;liaison and loss of plosion ;intonation three ways to show the stress patterns of words, phrases and sentences: use gestures; use the voice; use the blackboard 口语中: elision and assimilation 二、词汇教学teaching vocabulary 词汇教学模式： PPT模式：presentation, practice, testing LBLT模式：task based language teaching Ways of presenting vocabularyf 1.try to provide a visual or physical demonstration to show meaning. 2.Provide a verbal context to demonstrate meaning. https://www.360docs.net/doc/2814901040.html,e synonyms, antonyms, to explain meaning https://www.360docs.net/doc/2814901040.html,e lexical sets or hyponyms to show relations of words and their meanings. 5.Translate and exemplify. https://www.360docs.net/doc/2814901040.html,e word foemation rules and common affixes to build new lexical knowledge on what is already known. 7.Teach vocabulary in chunks. 8.Think about the context in real life where the word might be used. 9.Think about providing different context for introducing new words. 10.Prepare for possible misunderstanding or confusion that students may have. Ways of consolidating vocabulary https://www.360docs.net/doc/2814901040.html,belling 2.Spot the differences 3.Describe and draw