反义疑问句

反义疑问句

(一)定义

由陈述句加简短附加问句构成，用以要求对方证实所述之事。也称附加疑问句。

1．当陈述部分的主语是I，而句子又用来征询对方的意见时，附加疑问句中的主语用you。如：

I find English very interesting, don’t you?

I don’t like that film, do you?

2．如果陈述部分用I’m…结构，附加疑问部分一般用aren’t I。如：

I am strong and healthy，aren’t I。

主语是不定代词，一为指人，一为指物

3．当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, so mebody等合成代词时，附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但亦可用he，尤其是nobody, no one等作主语，具有否定概念时。如：

Somebody phoned while I was out, didn’t they?

Everyone enjoyed the party, didn’t they?

Nobody wants to go there, does he?

4．当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something 时，附加疑问句中的主语一般用it，不用they。如：

Everything seems all right now, doesn’t it?

Nothing is kept in good order, is it?

Something must be done to stop pollution, isn’t it?

5.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时，附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。如：

This is important, isn’t it?

That isn’t correct, is it?

These are your friends Tom and Jack, aren’t they?

了解，不需掌握

6.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语，附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用o

ne，非正式场合用you,在美国英语中，在非正式场合还可以用he。如：One can’t be too careful, can one?或can you?

One shou ld do his duty, shouldn’t he?

8．当陈述句为there be结构时，附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如：There’s no help for it, is there?

There’s something wrong, isn’t there?

句中含有否定词的情况

9．陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little,nowher e, nothing等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：Bob rarely got drunk, did he?

Few people know him, do they?

She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?

如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀，那么，该陈述部分作肯定处理，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。如：

He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he?

Tom dislikes the book, doesn’t he?

当句子为复合句时的变法

10．当陈述部分为主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如：

She says that I did it, doesn’t she?

I told them not everybody could do it ,didn’t I?

但当陈述部分的主语是I，谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时，附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。

I suppose that he’s serious isn’t he?

I don’t think she cares, does she?

I don’t believe she is so beautiful, is she?

祈使句的用法

11．在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中，附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you, would you,有时也可用can you, can’t you, why do n’t you, could you等。如：

Don’t open the door, will you?

Give me some cigarettes, can you?

Take a rest, why don’t you?

但是，以let’s开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句，如果含义是allow us，不包括听话人在内，疑问部分用will you。如：

Let’s have a bas ketball match this afternoon, shall we?

Let us go out for a rest, will you?

句中含有情态动词

12．当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，疑问部分用mustn’t。如：

You must work hard next term, mustn’t you?

I must answer the letter, mustn’t I?

注意但若表推测这层含义时，不能用must，而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构（即must之后的动词）以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如：

You must have made a mistake, haven’t you?

They must have seen the film last week, didn’t they?

He must be in the library, isn’t he?

13．当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t。如：

The old man used to smoke, didn’t he?或usedn’t he?

Tom used to live here, usedn’t he?或didn’t he?

14 当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分用oughtn’t或sho uldn’t。如：

He ought to know the answer, oughtn’t he?

We ought to read this book, oughtn’t we?或shouldn’t we?

15．当陈述部分含有had better时，疑问部分用had。

如： You’d better finish your homework now, hadn’t you?

16．感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时，且常用否定形式。如：

What a clever boy, isn’t he?

What a lovely day, isn’t it?

17．陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时，疑问部分的主语通常用it。如：

Learning ho w to repair motors takes a long time, doesn’t it?

Between six and seven will suit you, won’t it?

Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?

18．陈述句中的谓语动词是wish，表示愿望时用may，且用肯定形式。如：

I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?

20．当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have（has）时，疑问部分既可用have形式，也可用do形式。如：

You have a new bike, haven’t you（或don’t you）?

She doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she?

(二) 分类

反意的附加疑问句和非反意的附加疑问句

(三)结构

1．前一部分用_______,后一部分一般用.

2. 前一部分用，后一部分用。

(四)回答

不论问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，就用，若事实是否定的，就用。

(五)语调

前一部分用降调，当前一部分把握很大时，后一部分用降调；反之，后一部分用升调

(六)用法构成

A.主语+ be +其它

He is a good student, ____________?

They are studying English,___________?

特注：当陈述部分是I’m时，疑问部分要用 . I’m ri ght, __________?

B.主语+动词+其它

Jim speaks French,_______________?

They made a nice cake, ____________ ?

I have a brother, _______________ ?

He has a sister, _____________?

She had a book, ____________?

I’ve been studying English,___________?

Tom has been to Beijing twice,___________?

She’d like to buy a new coat,__________?

You’d better lie down and rest,___________?

C.主语+情态动词+动原/Be+其它

You can do better,____________?

注：must

She must stay at home,__________?

They must know it,___________?

He isn’t at school. He must be at home,____________?

D.There be

There is a book on the besk,____________?

There was some water,_____________?

There won’t a meeting tomorrow,___________?

E.祈使句

Let’s go home,____________?

Let us have a rest,_____________?

Don’t laugh in class,____________?

F.宾语从句

一般与主句一致

I said you were good,__________?

注：I/We think /suppose/believe与从句一致

I think you are good,_________?

We don’t believe he can do better,_________?

G.以下情况要特殊记忆

1.陈述部分的主语是 this或 that，疑问部分的主语要用it;

陈述部分的主语是 these或 those，疑问部分的主语要用 they.

This is a new book,___________?

Those aren’t the boy’s bikes,____________?

2.当陈述部分有little, few, never, hardly, seldom, no, neither, nobody, nothing等否定词语时，疑问部分要用肯定形式

3.当由加前缀或后缀构成的否定词unhappy, dislike, careless时，疑问部分仍旧用否定形式。

There are few people there,________?

Jim is unhappy,____________?

4.陈述部分陈述部分的主语是含–thing的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语通常用 it;

陈述部分的主语是含-one或–body的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语通常用they ,有时也可用he.

Something is wrong with the old TV,___________?

Nothing can stop him from going to work,__________?

Everyone is ready,_________?

Nobody likes the TV play,___________?

5.陈述部分的主语是感叹句时，疑问部分的动词要用be.

What a high mountain, __________?

What a nice girl,_____________?

6.陈述部分的主语是句子，动名词，不定式时，疑问部分的主语通常用 it;

What he said is true,___________?

To learn English well isn’t easy,___________?

Walking after supper is good for your health, ___________?

三.小结

四.堂堂清练习

完成下列反意疑问句。

1. There’s no time to have breakfast,___________?

2. He has few friends here, ____________?

3. The man will go to the doctor’s, ______________?

4. Mr. Wang speaks little English,____________?

5. She seldom goes to bed beforeten o’clock,____________?

6. What a foolish boy, __________?

7. The girl went home late last night,___________?

8. They have already finished reading the book,___________?

9. Miss Yang was given a warm welcome,___________?

10. The work can’t be done in two hours,___________?

11. I don’t think he will return tomorrow,____________?

12. She didn’t tell us that he was a naught boy,____________?

13. They were dancing this time yesterday,_________?

14. This is an old map of world,___________?

15 .His mother doesn’t learn Japanese,________?

16. You need a long ruler,___________?

17. They have no classes on Saturday and Sunday,___________?

18. The old woman speaks neither French nor Russian,____________?

19. Nobody could answer the question,_________?

20 .Let’s start a little earlier,___________?

21. Let us stay here and have a short rest,_________?

22. Don’t throw things to the animals,___________?

23. Go and buy two pencils for me,___________?

24. Watching TV too much is bad for your health,____________?

25. Everything begins to grow in spring,___________?

26. I don’t believe she knows you,___________?

27. The old man has never been to Beijing,___________?

28. He is unlike his brother,_____________?

29. They had learned 20000 words by the end of the term,_________?

30. There will be a match tomorrow,_____________?