中考英语语法讲解之名词词法

【中考英语语法汇总】名词语法讲解

（一）名词概述

名词用来表示人或事物的名称。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。在考试命题中，主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分，以及量词修饰的使用。考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。另外，名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分，主要是区分's和

of的用法。

（二）基础知识梳理

1. 名词复数形式的构成

1）规则变化

（1）一般名词后面加s。如：month-months，bird-birds。

（2）以s，ss，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，后面加es。如：bus-buses，boss-bosses，box-boxes，match-matches，brush-brushes。

（3）以o结尾的名词，有的加es，如：patato-patatoes，mango-mangoes，tomato-tomatoes；有的加s，如：radio-radios，zoo-zoos，piano-pianos。

（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es。如：factory-factories，city-cities。以元音字母加y结尾的名词，直接加s，如：toy-toys，day-days。

（5）以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v再加es。如：knife-knives，wolf-wolves（例外：roof-roofs，chief-chiefs），scarf-scarfs或scarves。

2）不规则变化

（1）改元音字母，构成复数。如：man-men，woman-women，foot-feet，fisherman-fishermen，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice（例外：German-Germans，walkman-walkmans,human-humans）。

（2）单复数形式一样。如：sheep-sheep，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese，deer-deer，fish-fish。

（3）词尾变化。如：child-children。

（4）只有复数形式，无单数形式的名词。如;clothes，trousers，glasses，shoes。

（5）以man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时，要采用双复数形式。如：man tourist-men tourists，woman teacher-womenteachers。

2. 名词的数量表达

可数名词：用数词直接修饰，如：one book，three watches，200 years；与量词连用，量词与所修饰名词都要用复数形式，如：three pairs of shoes，hundreds of years；与模糊数量词连用，如：a few relatives，some people，many boys，a lot of/lots of computers，a large number ofstudents。

不可数名词：与量词连用，量词有复数形式，而不可数名词不能有复数形式。如：two loaves of bread，a bottle of water；与模糊量词连用，如：some work，a little milk，much

advice/time/money，a lot of/lots of news，a large amount of information。

模糊数量词修饰可数名词，有如下几个：many，a few，few，a large number of。

模糊数量词修饰不可数名词，有如下几个：much，a little，little，huge amounts of，a great deal of。

模糊数量词既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，有如下几个：some，any，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，enough。

3. 名词所有格

1）表示有生命的名词所有格

（1）单数名词加's，如：Peter's bag。

（2）词尾有s或es的复数名词加“'”，如：the teachers' office。

（3）不以s或es结尾的复数名词后仍加“'s”，如：Children's Day。

（4）表示时间、距离，如：today's newspaper，two hours' walk。

2）表示无生命的名词所有格，用of+名词所有格，如：thefront gate of the City Hall，a map of China。

3）表示有生命的名词所有格，也可用of+名词所有格，如：afriend of mine，a book of jane's，a friend of Mary's sister's。

【注意】Peter and Mary's desk 表示“彼得和玛丽合用的桌子”

Peter's and Mary's desks 表示“彼得和玛丽各自的桌子”

中考英语名词经典例题练习（1）

名词语法经典例题

1. Tomorrow I'm going to my________. It's a _________.

A aunt...five minutes' walk

B aunt's...five minute's walk

C aunt...five minute's walk

D aunt's...five minutes' walk

2. A computer is one of the greatest ________ in this century.

A inventors

B inventions

C invitations

D invention

3. We haven't ________ homework to do today.

A many

B a lot of

C few

D much

4. Mr. Black is a teacher full of ________.Yesterday he told us his ________ inthe U.S.

A experience...experience

B experiences...experiences

C experience...experiences

D experiences...experience

5. Three hours ________ enough for a __________ boy to read books.

A is...ten-year-old

B are...ten-year-old

C is...ten-years-old

D are...ten-years-old

6. _________that pair of new _________ expensive?

A Is...shoe

B Are...shoe

C Is...shoes

D Are...shoes

7. Linda, I've bought many_______. Now let's make the birthday cake.

A fresh eggs

B chocolate milk

C frozen food

D rice dumplings

8. The two ________ are my________.

A womans doctors...girls friends

B women doctors...girls friends

C woman doctors...girl friends

D women doctors...girl friends

9. Mr. Lin often gives us _______ by e-mail.

A some good information

B some good informations

C good informations

D a good information

10. These are ________ houses.

A Wang and my uncle

B the Wang's and my uncle's

C the Wangs' and my uncle

D the Wangs' and my uncle's

11. People waste _______ water every day.

A a large number of

B a huge amount of

C many

D quite a lot

12. They tended(照顾)________,and buried(埋葬)_________.

A wounded...dead

B the wounded...dead

C the wounded...the dead

D wounded...the dead

13. We are__________.They are_________.

A Chinese...Germen

B Chinese...German

C Chinese...Germany

D Chinese...Germans

14.Did you have a lot of _________ last weekend?

A funny

B funnies

C fun

D funs

15. Which is wrong?_________

A How many cartons of milk are there on the tables?

B How much carton of milk is there on the table?

C How many cartons are there on the table?

D How much milk is there on the table?

答案及解析

1【解析】答案是D。在表达五分钟的路程时用名词所有格，虽然时间属于无生命但表达时间、距离、国家所有格时就用's或s'形式，又因为五分钟的表达为fiveminutes是复数，它的所有格只要后面加'就可以了,那么排除B，C答案，根据题意“我要去舅妈家”而不是“去舅妈”，因此又排除A。

2【解析】答案是B。上面四个选项中，A是发明家，C是请帖，从句意看不对。由于句中有oneof...结构，可以判断出空格中要填名词的复数形式，这样就否定了D。因此，本题答案为B。

3【解析】答案是D。much修饰不可数名词，many和few修饰可数名词，a lotof即可修饰不可数名词也可修饰可数名词。homework是不可数名词，因此答案A、C不对，又因为本句是否定句，而alot of只能用在肯定句中，故正确答案为D。

4【解析】答案是C。experience有两个中文意思，“经验”和“经历”。当表达经验时，是不可数名词，表达经历时，是可数名词。根据题意，布莱克先生是一个教学经验丰富的老师，因此此处应选experience。而后面表达他告诉我们他在美国的一些经历，是可数名词，故应选experiences。

5【解析】答案是A。表达一个10岁男孩可以是a boyof ten或aten-year-old boy。在C、D答案中year后面多加了s,故都不对。容易混淆的是threehours作主语时的单复数，我们知道3小时是表示时间的概念，不管是几小时都作不可数名词，因此本题选A。

6【解析】答案是C。鞋子是表示复数性的名词，一双鞋的表达为apair of shoes，这样可以排除答案A、B。又因为数量表达为一双，故谓语动词用单数is而不是are。

7【解析】答案是A。many修饰可数名词，而B、C中的milk和food是不可数名词，都可排除。根据题意“我们要去做生日蛋糕”，因此需要买的东西应该是新鲜的鸡蛋而不是饺子，故选A。

8【解析】答案是D。以man和woman构成的复合词变成复数时，要采用双复数形式，即女医生们表达为womendoctors，这样可以排除A、C，而以girl和boy构成的复合词变成复数时，只要把后面的合成词变成复数就行了，女朋友们表达为girlfriends。故D是正确的。9【解析】答案是A。information是不可数名词，它既没有复数形式，故可确定B、C不对；也不可以用具体的数量a来表达，因此D也不对。some可以修饰可数和不可数名词，因此A是正确答案。比较常用的不可数名词还有news、work、advice、music、weather等。

10【解析】答案是D。空格中应填名词所有格，表达某人的房子。在表示“王家”时，应在定冠词the之后接姓的复数Wangs；在表示“王家的”时，theWangs后面加“'”，这样就成为theWangs'，而表达“我舅舅的房子”就简单多了。因此选D。

11【解析】答案选B。A和C答案都是修饰可数名词，由于本句中water是不可数名词，因此排除A、C答案。D答案表达不准确，修饰名词时必须是用alot of结构，alot只能修饰动词，并放在动词之后，如：Thanksa lot；Helpme a lot。

12【解析】答案是C。一些形容词加定冠词the，可以作名词使用，表示具有这一特征的一类人或事物。如：theyoung 年轻人，theold 老人，therich 有钱人，thepoor 穷人。

13【解析】答案是D。本题考查专有名词Chinese和German的复数形式。Chinese“中国人”的单复数形式相同；而German“德国人”的复数形式是Germans。这种不规则的专有名词还有Japanese，deer，walkman，human。

14【解析】答案是C。本题考查fun和funny的用法。fun的意思是乐事、有趣、乐趣，是不可数名词，它没有复数形式，故D项是干扰项；而funny意思是滑稽可笑的，是形容词性质的，不可能去y加es变为复数，故B项也是干扰项。根据句中修饰语alot of，因其后应跟名词，因此选C。

15【解析】答案选B。一盒牛奶表达为acarton of milk，谓语动词用单数；两盒牛奶表达为twocartons of milk，谓语动词用复数，因此A项正确。C项问的是桌上有几个纸盒，纸盒是可数名词，谓语动词用复数，也正确。D项问桌上有多少牛奶，牛奶是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，也是正确的。所以只有B项存在错误。

中考英语名词经典例题练习（2）

强化练习

(一) 中译英

1. 今天的报纸

2. 去他兄弟家

3. 孩子们的新书包

4. 中国的教育

5. 很多有用的信息

6. 一群鹿

7. 小明的几个同学8. 20分钟的车程

9. 一张我父亲本人的照片10. 我阿姨的房子

11. 三双新鞋12. 几百辆自行车

13. 大量的牙齿14. 房间的门

15. 几把刀16. 一张世界地图

17. 儿童节18. 许多德国人

19. 上海的天气20. 五英尺深的洞

(二) 用适当的名词填空

1. Most ________ can sing this popular song. (Germany)

2. It's my ________ to help you with English. (please)

3. During his _______ from me, I was busy inside and outside. (absent)

4. He bought three _______ of bread for breakfast. (loaf)

5. The _______ are all tall and strong. (speech)

6. Lu Xun was one of the most famous ________ at that time. (write)

7. Some of people have good________. (memorize)

8. Please tell me the_______. (true)

9. The ________ of the people on the plane surprised us a lot. (die)

10. I have got Tom's________. (invite)

(三) 选择题

1. There is no _______ in the room.

A chairs

B cotton

C desks

D books

2. ________room is very nice.

A Tom's and John's

B Tom's and John

C Tom and John's

D Tom and John

3. There is ________ bread in my fridge. Please buy _______ on your way home.

A a little...some

B a little...any

C little...some

D little...any

4. The park is only ______ walk from our school.

A ten-minutes

B ten minute's

C ten minute

D ten minutes'

5. Thanks for your_______. _______helpful.

A advices...They're

B advices...It's

C advice...It's

D advice...They're

6. -What are those women?

-They are_______.

A policewomans

B policewomen

C women policeman

D woman policewomen

7. A friend of ______ will come to see _______ tomorrow.

A me...mine

B mine...me

C my...me

D mine...mine

8. Your trousers _______ too dirty. You must have _______ washed.

A is...it

B are...it

C are...them

D is...them

9. How many _______ did they buy yesterday?

A rice

B bag of rice

C bags of rices

D bags of rice

10. Nowadays _______ are not always made of_______.

A glass...glass

B glasses...glass

C glass...glasses

D glasses...glasses

参考答案

(一) 中译英

1. today's newspaper

2. go to his brother's

3. children's new schoolbags

4. Chinese education

5. much useful information

6. a group of deer

7. a few classmates of Xiao Ming's 8. twenty minutes' ride

9. a photo of my father 10. my aunt's house

11. three pairs of new shoes 12. hundreds of bikes

13. plenty of teeth 14. the door of the room

15. a few knives 16. a map of the world

17. Children's Day 18. many Germans

19. Shanghai's weather 20. a five-foot-deep hole

(二) 用适当的名词填空

1. Germans

2. pleasure

3. absence

4. loaves

5. speakers

6. writers

7. memories

8. truth

9. death 10. invitation

(三) 选择题

1. B

2. C

3. C

4. D

5. C

6. B

7. B

8. C

9. D 10. B

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词一、名词概述 1.名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习

初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习1．可数名词的复数变化 1) 规则变化 (1) 大多数都直接在名词后加-s。 (2) 以-s , -x , -ch , -sh结尾的名词加-es。 (3) 以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s，如boys，days；但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies， flies，libraries; 以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词直接加-s，如Marys，Henrys等。 (4) 以-o结尾的名词，大多数在词尾加-s，如bamboos，radios，photos，kilos，但也有少数加-es，如potatoes， tomatoes，heroes; 而zero两种形式均可。 (5) -f，-fe结尾的名词，大部分将-f，-fe改成v，再加-es，如knives，halves，thieves, shelves，leaves，wives， wolves；但也有少数直接加-s，如roofs，beliefs，safes；而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。背记小口诀：妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)下保己（self）命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮面包（loaf）。 2) 不规则变化 (1) 单复数同形sheep，fish，deer，Chinese，Japanese。 (2) 变内部元音man －men，tooth －teeth，mouse －mice，foot －feet，goose－geese。 (3) 其他形式。 child－children ox －oxen grown-up －grown-ups passer-by －passers-by brother-in-law －brothers-in-law man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时，两者都要改为复数，如：two women doctors，many men leaders。 3) 特殊的复数形式

(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案

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