英语写作之主题句

Definition of Topic Sentence

★ 1866 年,Alexander Bain 首次提出英语段落主题句的概念为“a collection of sentences with unity of purpose” ,即主题句统领段落的主题,决定了段落的一致性。

★根据Brooks and Warren ,主题句是“a kind of backbone ,a spine ,which supports the body of the paragraph and around which t he rest of the structure is formed”

★一般说来,为了保证段落的统一性,每个段落应有个中心思想(central idea) ,这是写作者要表述的主题思想。在大多数情况下段落的中心思想是由主题句表述的。起提纲挈领的作用。

★在对语言的掌握得心应手的作者手中,主题句可以应用自如,不用主题句也可以使段落中所有的句子统一、连贯,中心思想突出、明了。但是“In the hands of the less experienced writer ,this controlling idea had better be expressed in the first sentence. ”

Composition of Topic Sentence

◇主题句一般由两部分构成: ( 1) 主题( Subject)和( 2) 关于该主题的观点或态度。也就是说, 一个恰当的主题句不仅讲述某一主题, 同时还应阐明作者对该主题的看法或者态度, 而这种看法就决定了什么内容可以放在该段中。所以, 有的修辞学家也把主题句称作“支配性思想”。

◇例如:( 1 ) Smoking cigar ettes can be an expensivehabit.该句作为一个段落的主题句, 由两部分组成:“Smoking cigaret tes”是主题, 而“an ex pensive habit”则表明作者对该主题的看法或态度, 这种看法决定了只有与“吸烟浪费钱”有关的内容才能放在围绕该主题句展开的段落中。而吸烟引起的其它问题, 比如危害健康或污染环境, 则不能放进去。

The Place of Topic Sentence

◎人们一般认为, 主题句可以放在段首、段中、段未, 甚至可以隐含在文中。这种观点实际上缺乏对主题句重要性的认识。

◎根据Wesbster 's New World Dictionary 的定义, 主题句是“一个段落或篇章一部分的主要句子, 提出( 段落的) 主要思想, 通常位于段首, 尤其适用于说明文体”。

◎根据对美国出版的Reader's Dig est 和T imes 的两本期刊中的100 篇短文的调查，其中仅有2 篇短文主题句较为模糊, 而68 篇的主题句位于段/ 文首, 其余30 篇已经将段落的主题句升格为小标题。由此可见, 主题句在英文段落和篇章写作中占有相当重要的地位。

Characteristics of Topic Sentence

⊙一个好的主题句应该具备三个主要特征, 或者说有三个功能. [1] 对文章走向的前瞻性。

[2]对文章结构的支配性, [3] 对作者的制约性。

⊙前瞻性(predict)

好的主题句应能前瞻文章总的走向是否有前途,并暗示作者应提供什么样的细节、论据、事例等以对主题加以展开或者论证。如果主题句为:Horses are bigger than rabbits. 马比免的个儿大, 显然是毫无前途的, 因为任何读者都是不会对这个连三岁小孩都明白的道理感兴趣的。而且, 除了孤零零的主题句外, 作者还能写什么呢?当然,这只是个非常极端的例子, 借以说明类似的主题句只能使文章走进死胡同。

⊙下面再举几例主题句

In our country, pop stars are greatly admired.

Automobile accidents cause many injuries and deaths.

College students in dorms are restricted by hours regulations.

⊙支配性contraol

主题句的另一重要功能就是对文章的结构起支配作用并对文章的走向施以控制, 使文章层次分明, 结构紧凑, 成为有骨有肉的整体。例

A good farmer cooperates with waether, soil and seed.

More examples:

1.Good English is clear, appropriate and vivid.

2.Riding a bicyle to work has several advantages over driving a car.

3.There are five important charactersitics to keep in mind when choosing a college.

⊙制约性

主题句必须突出一个重点，只能表达一个中心思想，论述一个基本观点。如果这也想写，那也想写，就会导致什么也说不透，不能给读者留下深刻的印象。

I like watching sports on TV and I also like to participate in sports.

Many students do not like to read Chauser, and they prefer Shakespeare, whose language is easier to understand.

Assignment

1.The Most Important Personal Quality of a College Student

( honesty, creativity, fortitude, diligence, teamwork…)

2.Should University Students Go in for Business?

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————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：

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