初中英语 牛津上海版九年级上Unit1知识点及语法点
U1
1. luck n. 运气Wish you good luck！祝你好运！
lucky adj. 好运的；幸运的He is lucky to pass all the tests.他很幸运通过了所有的考试
luckily adv. 幸运地Luckily，he passed all the tests.幸运的是，他通过了所有的考试。
2.history n. I can use my computer to learn about a famous person from history.
我在电脑上可以读到某个历史名人的文章。
historical adj. 历史的；历史上The Great Wall is a famous historical place in the world.
3.at a time = each time; on each occasion 每次
The doctor asked my mother to take medicine three times a day and two pills at a time.
医生让我妈妈每天服药三次，每次两片。
4. disappear vi. ：become impossible to see消失
appear vi. 出现
5. no longer= not… any longer不再
My father gave up smoking . He is no longer a smoker.父亲戒烟了。他不再是烟民了。
=My father gave up smoking. He is n’t a smoker any longer.
He broke his leg and could no longer walk.他把腿摔断了，不能再走了。
=He broke his leg and could not walk any longer.
6. go up the stairs= go upstairs上楼
7. seconds later = moments later , after a while 不一会儿
Seconds later, she finished making rice dumplings.不一会儿，她就包好了粽子。
8. look down at向下看反义词：look up at 抬头看
He looked down at his shoes. They were very dirty.他低头看了看他的鞋子。鞋子很脏。
He looked up at the bright stars. 他抬头看着明亮的星星。
for 寻找Jane is looking for her key everywhere. 珍妮在到处寻找她的钥匙。
look at 看。。。Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。
照顾We must learn to look after ourselves.我们须学会照顾自己
look up 查阅He looked up all the new words in the dictionary.他在词典里查阅了所有的生词。
look out = be careful 当心Look out! There is a car coming. 当心！有车过来了。
9. empty adj. 空的反义词：full adj. 满的
This is an empty box.
10. take sth. with sb. 随身带走了某物
When you get off the car, don’t forget to take your belongings with you.
下车时，别忘了带走你的随身物品。
11. main adj. 主要的The horse must go through the main gate. 那马必须经过那扇大门。
mainly adv. 主要地This text mainly tells us how we should learn a foreign language.
这篇课文主要告诉我们如何学习外语。
12. wood n. Wood can be used to make furniture.木头可用来造家具。
wooden adj. It’s a wooden ball, not a metal ball. 这是一个木头球，不是金属球。
13. difficult adj. This is a difficult problem.这是个难题。
difficulty n. There is a lot of difficulty in finishing the task.完成这个任务有许多困难。
14.on wheels 在轮子上The wooden horse is on wheels. 这木马是在轮子上。
15. maybe = perhaps adv. 也许；可能Maybe he is right. 也许他是对的。
may be 可能是= He may be right.
16. want (sb.) to do sth 想（让某人）做某事= would like (sb.) to do sth.
Do you want to visit the museum next week? 你想下周去参观博物馆吗？
= Would you like to visit the museum next week?
17. interrupt sb. 打断某人
The captain interrupted him. 长官打断了他的话。
I’m sorry to interrupt, but there’s someone to see you. 对不起打断一下，有人要见你。
18. obey orders服从命令A soldier’s duty is to obey orders.士兵的职责是服从命令。
19. city n. 城市
citizen n. 市民；公民；居民All the citizen s of Shanghai can enjoy the party.
She is American by birth but is now an Australian citizen 她出生于美国，但现在是澳大利亚公民。
20. celebrate v.庆祝I celebrated my birthday with a big party.我举行派对来庆祝我的生日。
celebration n.
21.dance around the horse 围着马跳舞
22. make a joke / joke s about sth. / sb. 拿某事(某人)开玩笑; 取笑某人
play a joke / joke s on sb. 拿某人开玩笑
My classmates like to make jokes about me at lunchtimes.同学们喜欢在午餐时间开我的玩笑。
23. enemy n. 敌人enem ies (复数)
24. stupid adj. : foolish; silly 愚蠢的
反义词：clever ; bright ; wise ; intelligent ; smart
25. make sure 确信。。。
We will make sure all the windows are securely locked. 我们将确信所有的窗牢牢地锁住。
26.be securely locked被牢牢地锁住= be safely locked
27.go to sleep 入睡；睡着
He didn’t go to sleep until his mother came back.直到母亲回来，他才入睡。
28.include v. 包括；包含The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.
这次游览包括参加科技馆。
including prep.包括。。。在内I’ve got a three-day holiday including New Year’s Day.
包括元旦在内，我有三天的假日。
29. by midnight到半夜时为止by + 过去的时间状语，用过去完成时
By the end of last year, they had read five English stories.
30. except prep. "除。。。之外"，即不把被排除的事物包括在内
except for 常指在两种非同类事物中排除其中的一种
except that 用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后须接从句
besides prep.“除。。。之外还有”，相当于in addition to
例：He works every day except Sunday. 除了星期天之外，他每天都上班。
This is a very nice car except for its high price. 这是一辆非常漂亮的车，只是价格太高了。
It was a good restaurant except that it was rather noisy.这家餐馆不错，就是有点儿吵。
=It was a good restaurant except for its noise.
Besides English, I also like Chinese and P.E..除了英语，我还喜欢语文和体育。
31.another hour = one more hour 又一小时
注意：another + 数字+ 名词复数= 数字+ more + 名词复数
如：another two chairs = two more chairs 另外两把椅子
32.secret adj. 秘密的；n. 秘密 a secret place一个秘密的地方It's a secret between you and me.
secretary n. 秘书He is a secretary of the manager.他是经理的秘书。
33.climb out 爬出去
34.return vi = come back 回来The man returned to his office. 那人回到了办公室。
vt.= give back 归还Have you returned the book to the library?你把书还给图书馆了吗？
35.in the darkness 在黑暗中I couldn't see anything in the darkness.在黑暗中我什么也看不见。
36. enter vi. = come or go into 进入
entrance n 入口处This is the entrance to the exhibition hall.这是展览会的入口处。
37.seize v. 抓住，捉住：capture 攻占；夺取
38.by do ing sth. 通过做某事
We can save water by not washing vegetables under a running tap.
39.in one night 在一夜间
40.succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事= be successful in doing sth.
= manage to do sth. = be able to do sth.
succeed v. Our plan succeeded.
success n. 成功；胜利What he did is a great success.
successful adj. He is a successful businessman. 他是个成功的商人。
41.through a trick 凭借一个计谋
The Greeks succeeded in capturing the city through a trick.希腊人利用计谋占领了这个城市。
42.leave…behind 留下… （leave, left, left）
Don’t leave any rubbish behind when your picnic is over. 当野餐结束时，别留下垃圾。
43.be / fall asleep 睡着；入睡( fall, fell, fallen )
44.make the bed 整理床铺lay the table 摆放桌子（准备吃饭）
45.fix the chair = repair the chair (fix, fixed, fixed) 修理椅子
46.offer sb.sth. = offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事He offered to help me with my English.他提出帮我复习英语。
47.be busy doing sth. / be busy with sth. 忙于(做)某事
I’m busy going over my lessons thesr days.这几天我忙于复习功课。
48.give sb. a hand = do sb. a favour帮某人一个忙
Would you please give me a hand?你能帮我一个忙吗？
49.all the time = always 一直Don’t be so independent all the time. 不要总是那么独立。
50.depend v. 依靠
＊dependent adj. 依靠的；没有主见的
independent adj. 独立的；有主见的
51.accept v. 接受；认可We all accepted his offer. 我们都接受了他的帮助。
52.refuse : reject v. 拒绝；回绝He refused my invitation. 他拒绝了我的邀请。
课堂练习
I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The shopping centre is on the first floor. You have to go ________.(stair)
2. From the story, we know the _______ are really careless. (Troy)
3. This summer we will go to visit ________.(Greek)
4. During the battle, he killed hundreds of __________.(enemy)
5. He checked the door again in order to make sure the door was ________
locked.(secure)
6. All the members were at the meeting，_________ me.(include)
7. He _________ in solving the maths problem at last.(success)
8. To our surprise, he refused __________ the invitation.(accept)
9. We should learn to live _________.(depend)
10. Do you know who is the ________ of the company.(manage)
11. Beijing is a famous tourist destination with many places of ________ interest. (history)
12. The thief __________ at the corner soon.(appear)
13. We used to live in a _________ house. (wood)
14. Can you tell me where the _________ is? (enter)
downstairs,Trojans,Greece,enemies,securely,including,succeeded,to
accept, independently,manager,historical,disappeared, wooden,entrance
重点难点
1. But the captain was no longer listening.
? no longer = not…any longer 不再(注意句型互换时的动词变化)
no longer不再（在句中通常放于助动词之后，行为动词之前）= not …any longer
e.g After married to Lily, he no longer lived alone.
After married to Lily, he didn’t live alone any longer.
2. He looked down at the empty plain and, beyond it, at the empty sea.
? 下面列出look常用词组
look up 1) 向上看e.g. If you look up at the sky, you’ll find it’s getting bluer and bluer.
2) 查阅 e.g.Learn to look new words up in the dictionary. Don’t
always ask others for help.
look down 向下看e.g. You’d better not look down, or you’ll feel sick.
look back 1）向后看e.g. He looked back to see who called him.
2）回顾 e.g. Always looking back makes us go forward more easily. look out 1）向外看e.g. The boy looked out of the window and paid no attention
to what the teacher had said.
2）小心，留神e.g. Look out! The flower pot is falling.
look around环顾 e.g. He looked around to find a chair to sit in.
look forward to sth. / doing sth. 期盼e.g. I’m looking forward to your invitation. look for寻找 e.g.He is looking for a job with high pay, but it’s very difficult.
look after照顾 e.g. Don’t forget to look after my fish when I am out.
? beyond 属于介词，同义词为on the far side of，反义词为within
3. They’ve taken everything with them.
? take something with somebody 随身携带某物
e.g.I’m afraid I can’t go home now. I forgot to take my umbrella with me this morning.
? with 除了“和”的意思外还表示“用…工具”, e.g. with ropes
而by 表“用…方式方法”, e.g by putting a program into it
? 区别：take, bring, send, carry, fetch
4. Outside the main gate of the city stood a huge wooden horse.
? a huge wooden horse = a huge horse made of wood
5. You don’t have to think. You have to obey orders.
? don’t have to = needn’t，而have to (勉强的，客观原因造成不得不做的事) 相当于must (主观意愿强迫去完成的事)
6. Then the Trojans made sure all the gates of the city were securely locked, and they all went to sleep, including the gate guard.
? be securely locked
securely 此副词放于助动词后，行为动词前，在这里用来修饰被动态be locked
7. By midnight, the square was empty, except for the giant horse.
? 区别：except for, except, besides
except for 除……之外(表示肯定总体,否定部分, 除了整体中的某一点)
e.g. The composition is very good except for some spelling mistakes. (作文是整体，而拼写包含在作文中的一部分)
本句中广场为整体，而木马包含广场内的一个组成部分
except 除……之外(表示除去的人或物不在其中)
e.g. We all went to the park except Tom. (Tom没去)
besides除……之外, 还有…… (表示除去的人或物包括在内)
e.g. We all agreed besides him. (他也同意的)
8. It had returned in the darkness when the citizens celebrated inside.
? succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
be successful in doing sth.
e.g. He succeeded in winning the golf game again.
He was successful in winning the golf game again.
9. It’s so big that they couldn’t take it with them.它是如此大以至于他们没法把它带走。
so…that…+ 否定句=too…to… 如此……以至于…; 太…不…
so…that…+ 肯定句=adj./adv.+ enough (for sb.) to do…
e.g. He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他不够年龄上学。
=He is too young to go to school.
=He is not old enough to go to school
单选题
1. The army attacked at night when the enemy was asleep. Which of the following is correct for the underlined word in the sentence?
A. /a:m/
B. /a:mi/
C./'ami/
D./eim/
2. Which of the following is right?
A. Betty, do you know our new class teacher? ↘
B. Yes, of course. ↗
C. What does he look like? ↘
D. He is thin but short. ↗
3. The boss of a famous company gave away most of his money to ______ poor.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
4. I'm afraid all of you have to work out the problem by ________.
A. you
B. yours
C. yourself
D. yourselves
5. Jane was worried because there was something wrong ________ the engine of her car.
A. of
B. with
C. at
D. by
6. Betty and John are here, but ________ students in their class haven't come back yet.
A. the other
B. others
C. another
D. the others
7. ________ Kitty ________ her brother likes fishing in the country. What fun it is!
A. Neither, nor
B. Both, and
C. Not only, but also
D. Either, or
8. Lucy was reading an ________ book when the doorbell rang.
A. exciting
B. excite
C. excited
D. excitement
9. You ________ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night.
A. may
B. need
C. should
D. have to
10. The system h as the ability ________ more than one program at the same time.
A. running
B. runs
C. to run
D. ran
11. "Jenny, the more you practice, the _________ you will play the piano." said her mother.
A. best
B. good
C. well
D. better
12. The bank clerk' admitted _______ everything about the plan of the robbery at last.
A. know
B. knowing
C. to know
D. knew
13. My best friend and I haven't seen each other she went to the USA 10 years ago.
A. when
B. if
C. although
D. since
14. A lot of students in this university abroad as exchange students every year.
A. are sent
B. were sent
C. will send
D. send
15. It is said that nowadays young people would rather their friends for advice.
A. asked
B. ask
C. to ask
D. asking
16. The movie star is afraid that she will be recognized as she _________ at the airport.
A. arrives
B. arrived
C. will arrive
D. arrive
17. _______ helpful advice Qu Yuan gave to the king at that time!
A. What a
B. What an
C. What
D. How
18. Mr. King doesn't know what time ________ back home yesterday evening.
A. does his son come
B. his son comes
C. did his son come
D. his son came
19. A: I'm sorry I will be 10 minutes late because of the heavy traffic.
B: ________. We will wait for you.
A. It's my pleasure
B. It doesn't matter
C. Enjoy your time
D. Good idea
20. A: It's raining hard outside. Would you like me to call a taxi for you?
B: ________. I can manage it myself.
A. Yes, please
B. I'd love to
C. Good idea
D. No, thanks
1-5 BBCDB 6-10 AAAAC 11-15 DBDAB 16-20 ACDBD
III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each one can only be used once. (将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每次只能填一次)：
It's different between western countries and eastern countries abou t how to keep healthy. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a 1 of cool yin and hot yang to be healthy. In China, herbs (草药) are the main medicine but in western countries they use pills.
In China, 2 you are quiet and always tired, Chinese doctors might think you have too much yin. You should eat more hot yang food. It can give you some
3 . But in western countries, doctors will check your body. They might give you some pills to cure (治愈) your disease. People who are easily nervous and 4
might have too much yang in their bodies. Chinese doctors believe they should eat more yin food.
pleasure: novels, plays, travel books, and so on. And in reading books of this kind the
5 thing is to get on with the reading, to try to grasp (领会)
6 the writer is going to tell you in the book as a whole. This is impossible if you stop and think over the
7 of every single word which happens to be unfamiliar. You cannot enjoy a story if you stop lots of times on every page for
8 words in the dictionary. You may even prevent yourself from understanding the story as a whole by doing this.
1-5 CBED 6-10 ECBA
IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms (用括号
中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词)：
1. Our soldiers did not fire until the __________ were close enough. (enemy)
2. The little girl began crying when she heard of the __________ of her puppy. (die)
3. Many tourists were __________ injured in the traffic accident last night. (serious)
4. Making a picture in your mind is a good way to help you to __________ something. (memory)
5. I __________ where we will spend our weekend and how to get there. (wonderful)
6. In __________ years, many people choose to read e-books instead of paper ones. (recently)
7. The woman purchased a __________ of items at the market near her house. (vary)
8. Linda was so __________ that she refused all the money from her parents. (depend)
1. enemies
2. death
3. seriously
4. memorize
5. wonder
6. recent
7. variety
8. independent
V. Rewrite the following sentences as required. (根据所给要求，改写下列句子，每空格限填一词)：
1. The boys and girls cleaned the room after the party. （改为一般疑问句）
__________ the boys and girls __________ the room after the party?
2. Tony was reading a comic book when his mother came home. （对划线部分提问）
What __________ Tony __________ when his mother came home?
3. It seemed to be her job to look after her brother's children. （保持原句意思不变）
It seemed to be her job to __________ __________ her brother's children.
4. Mr. Smith rarely talks with his son about his study. （改为反义疑问句）
Mr. Smith rarely talks with his son about his study, __________ __________?
5. You will fail to buy the train ticket if you don't book it online early. （保持原句意思不变）
You __________ be able to buy the train ticket __________ you book it online early.
6. "Has Mr. Black decided on the date for the test?" the students asked. （改为宾语从句）
The students asked __________ Mr. Black __________ decided on the date for
the test.
7. is, interesting, snowman, to, it, a, very, make. （连词成句）
_____________________________________________________________________ _____
Did, clean 2. was, doing 3. care for 4. does he 5. won’t, unless 6. if/ whether, had 7.It is very interesting to make a snowman.
Grammar ：The Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时
一、构成形式: have / has +过去分词
二、现在完成时的含义：
1、现在完成时用以表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况对现在有影响或产生结果。
I have bought a new pair of trousers. ( Now I have a new pair of trousers. )
She has lost her earrings. ( Now she has no earrings.)
I have just had breakfast. ( I’m not hungry now. )
现在完成时常与already、just 、yet 、never、ever、recently等连用。
如：A: Have you ever read this book?
B: No, I’ve never read it.
A: Have you seen the film yet?
B: Yes, I have already seen it. / No, I haven’t seen it yet.
He has just gone to the library.
just 发生在短暂的过去,放在行为动词之前.
already 用于肯定句, .
yet用于否定句和疑问句
ever “曾经”，相当于at any time。如：
—Have you ever been to New York? --Yes,, twic. / No, never.
It’s the most beautiful building I have ever seen.
never “从不”，相当于not at any time。如：
I have never seen such a wonderful film before.
I have never met a kinder man.
2.表示从过去开始并一直持续到现在已有一段时间的动作或状态。
(1) 与recently, so far, up to now, in the past (last) ……等连用。
Two bus stations have been built in the past two months.
So far, we have learned three units.
(2) 与today, this morning, this month, this year等连用。
Mr. Li has taught four lessons this month.
The shop has sold about 200 washers this year.
(3)与since、for、How long连用。
for 后接某个时间段，用来说明动作持续的时间长度，只能与持续性的动词连
用。
They haven’t seen each other for more than 20 years.
since 意为“自从……”,后接某个时间点，用来说明动作起始的时间。
since 的四种用法参见下表：
(1)The speaker has talked for about two hours.
(2)He has taught Chinese in the language school since he came to London.
Fill the blanks with “since”or “for”.
1.We have lived in Pudong _________1994.
2.The film has been on _________ten minutes.
3.John has been a soldier _________a year.
4.Tom has had a fever _________the day before yesterday.
对划线部分提问
1.He has been a top fashion designer for a couple of years.
2.The Smiths have lived in Shanghai since they came to China in 1980.
3.My cousin has been to the South Pole three times.
时态填空：
1. These young men _________in the army for three years.(be)
2. He _________a book on physics for the last six months.(write)
3. The old man __________in the same house since he was born.(live)
4. I can’t find my dictionary. I think maybe someone________it by mistake.(take)
5. Mr. Green __________on the computer for 12 hours. Now he is too tired to go to his friend’s dinner party. (work)
6. The rain _________.(stop) Shall we go on with our volleyball match?
7. Hi, Mike! I____________(receive)your invitation. Thank you very much! I’ll come on time.
8. They __________(not leave) because their schoolbags are still in their desk.
9. The lady has been to the shop several times,but she_________(never buy) anything
10. Mum, I __________(lay) the table. Is dinner ready?
(4) have been in+地点(持续呆在某地)
e.g. He has been in Shanghai for 3 years.
have been to +地点(去过某地)
e.g. He has been to London twice.
have gone to +地点(去了某地,仍在某地)
e.g. He has gone to Canada. (He isn’t here now.)
Has she ever been to the Summer Palace?
Has she gone to the Summer Palace?
Fill the blanks with “have / has gone to” or “ have / has been ton/ in”.
1. How long ________you ________Australia?
2. Your mother isn’t in the office. She _________the airport to see your father off.
3. She tells me that she ___________China twice.
4. A:Where ___________ (be) the Browns?
B: They ____________(go) to Canada for holiday.
注意：延续性时间状语（for…/since…)必须与延续性动词连用。
瞬间动词延续性动词瞬间动词延续性动词
go / leave be away from come / arrive be in / at
die be dead join be a member of / be in buy have borrow keep
begin / start be on finish / end be over
put on wear catch a cold have a cold
fall ill be ill
保持句子原意，改写下面的句子。
1. The old man died ten years ago.
The old man _______ _______ ________ for ten years.
2. She came here a while ago.
She ________ ________ here for a while.
3. The film began ten minutes ago.
The film ________ _________ _________ for ten minutes.
4. James bought the watch a month ago.
James ________ _________ the watch for a month.
5 .He left two hours ago.
He _______ ________ ________ for two hours.
6. I borrowed this novel last month.
I ________ _________ this novel for a month.