[考研类试卷]2012年南开大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2012年南开大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷

一、选词填空

0 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form if necessary. Each word can be used only once.

1 Her parents left her nothing but a______old farmhouse.

2 Police are keeping the area under constant______.

3 The administration is still______over the Health Care issue.

4 ______sometimes occurs in politics.

5 A man was______around outside the shop.

6 Lucy had always______after a place of her own.

7 Nothing could______the indignity of being publicly criticized.

8 We______all products tested on animals.

9 Scientists are hoping to find______evidence to confirm their theories.

10 What he enjoys most in life is delicious food, and he is regarded as a______.

11 When colors are______, they become affected in hue.

12 The old man was______passers-by for money.

13 His ambition was______when he won the first prize.

14 The love of poetry was______in him by her teaching.

15 You need______ to be a long-distance runner.

16 The money was given to us by deed of______.

17 The House Judiciary Committee voted that the President should be______.

18 They______their pocket-money away on sweets.

19 Students should know the______of our country, including the system of rivers, mountains, etc.

20 A dealer came to______the furniture.

二、完形填空

20 Culture is activity of thought and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling.

【C1】______of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless 【C2】______on God's earth. What we should aim at producing is men who possess both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start【C3】______, and their culture will lead them as deep as philosophy and as high as 【C4】______. We have to remember that the valuable intellectual development is self-development, and that it【C5】______takes place between that ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.

In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must beware of what I will call "inert ideas"—that is to say, ideas that are merely【C6】______into the mind without being utilized, or tested , or thrown into fresh combinations. In the history of education, the most【C7】______phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a succeeding generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas. Except at 【C8】______intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically【C9】______with inert ideas. That is the reason why uneducated clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible burden of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity【C10】______greatness has been a passionate protest against inert ideas.

21 【C1】

（A）Chips （B）Scraps （C）Fractions （D）Plates 22 【C2】（A）bore （B）irony （C）snob （D）gut

23 【C3】（A）with （B）from （C）into （D）beyond 24 【C4】（A）zoom （B）art （C）rap

（D）poll

25 【C5】（A）mostly （B）randomly （C）seldom （D）regularly 26 【C6】（A）contained （B）received （C）squeezed （D）embedded 27 【C7】（A）integral （B）classical （C）obscure （D）striking 28 【C8】（A）rare （B）minor

（C）scarce

（D）regular

29 【C9】

（A）infected

（B）influenced

（C）instructed

（D）endowed

30 【C10】

（A）off

（B）on

（C）into

（D）with

三、阅读理解

30 The computer industry must overcome a variety of economic, technical, and organizational challenges before green design can become commonplace. For example, Compaq's Rosenberg said, his company has learned that green engineering is a management issue, as well as a technical issue, and that environmental goals must be supported by a company's entire culture to be effective. Often, he said, that isn't the case, but market conditions may force many companies to change. Meanwhile, manufacturers will have to spend time and money to retrain designers, engineers, and assembly workers to perform environmentally friendly computer design and manufacturing. However, the impact might be mitigated somewhat because computer companies generally provide employees with regular retraining anyway to keep up with other new design and manufacturing practices.

Since some production processes would have to change to accommodate environmentally friendly computer design, manufacturers who are not already building new plants would have to spend time and money retooling their existing facilities. However, companies could recover their expenses in a few years from reduced expenditures on materials, energy and waste disposal, said Amory Lovins, founder and director of the Rocky Mountain Institute, an environmental think tank. One of the most promising "green" techniques, demanufacturing, currently faces a variety of problems that make it impractical on a large scale in many cases. For example, the cost of labor required to disassemble, sort, and transport recovered components can exceed the price of simple purchasing new components. Researchers are looking for ways to overcome this problem.

Finally, to address environmental concerns effectively, manufacturers will need new design processes. Several companies have begun unveiling the type of software tools that could meet this need. For example, EcoBoard—jointly developed by Mentor Graphics and Science Applications International—lets designers of printed circuit boards address cost, performance, and environmental requirements when deciding which materials, parts, and processes to use. In addition, Apple Computer is developing a database management tool, the Apple Product Environmental Specification, which helps its staff design, buy, and manage products based on the company's environmental policies.

Dataquest's Reynolds doesn't see strong demand for environmentally friendly computers from individual or business consumers yet. He said the biggest demand at first will be from manufacturers who decide that green design will provide them with economic, marketing, or regulatory advantages. He expected that green design will gradually and quietly become common over the next five years. The Giga Information Group's Enderle said, " As the customers who specify green PCs become a larger market segment, companies that don't make them will find themselves at a growing strategic disadvantage. " Therefore, he predicted, environmentally friendly computer design will "permeate the industry over the next two years. "

31 It can be inferred in the text that "demanufacturing" includes______.

（A）disassembling recovered components

（B）sorting recovered components

（C）transporting recovered components

（D）all of the above

32 According to Amory Lovins, the benefit for manufacturers from the changes in some production process is______.

（A）reducing expenditure on material, energy and waste disposal in a few years

（B）accommodating environmentally friendly computer design

（C）spending money retooling their existing facilities

（D）not to build new plants

33 The word " them" in the sentence " As the customers who specify green PCs become

a larger market segment, companies that don't make them will find themselves at a growing strategic disadvantage" refers to______.

（A）green PCs

（B）companies

（C）market segments

（D）customers

34 Which of the following is NOT true?

（A）Manufacturers will invest in changing some production processes.

（B）Manufacturers will need environmentally friendly computers badly.

（C）Environmentally friendly computers will go into different parts of the industry.

（D）Some manufacturers hesitate to invest in green design because their expenditure on material will be increased.

35 The text can be titled______.

（A）Environmental Production

（B）Benefit from Green Design

（C）Obstacles to Green Design

（D）Production Process with Green Design

35 Editors of the world's leading scientific journals announced Saturday they would delete details from published studies that might help terrorists make biological weapons. The editors, joined by several prominent scientists, said they would not censor scientific data or adopt a top-secret classification system similar to that used by the military and government intelligence agencies. But they said scientists working in the post-Sept. 11 world must face the dismaying paradox that many of their impressive breakthroughs can be used for sinister purposes.

The new editing methods will be voluntary and will differ among the 32 publications and scientific associations that agreed to the effort. Those include the journals Science, Nature, Proceedings of the National Academies of Science, The New England Journal of Medicine and The Lancet. Most major advancements—from decoding the human genome to the cloning of Dolly the sheep—are revealed to the world through those journals.

The new policy emerged from a Jan. 9 meeting at the National Academy of Sciences where researchers and journal editors reviewed potentially sensitive studies. They unveiled their agreement at the national meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Proponents acknowledged they are walking a " very fine line" in trying to protect the public without chilling research. Few, if any, of the thousands of research papers reviewed annually for publication would be rejected outright, they said. Papers would still contain sufficient details to allow other scientists to independently duplicate experiments—a vital step in validation discoveries.

" We do live in different times now, " said Ronald Atlas, president of the American Society of Microbiology and a leader of the biosecurity review movement. "The information we possess has the potential for misuse. We will take the appropriate steps to protect the public. " Indeed, it has never been easier to tweak a microbe's genes to create a deadlier, drug-resistant superbug for a germ bomb or hijack aerosol technology meant for convenient spray vaccines to make anthrax spores float through the air. Journal editors said they were establishing their own expert panels to review papers that contain alarming information, and would work with the authors to make specific changes and "tone them down. "

Most journals rarely face such questions. Atlas said journals published by the microbiology association found only two research papers in that past year that raised eyebrows, and both were published after the authors agreed to changes.

One of the excised details demonstrated how a microbe could be modified so it could kill 1 million people instead of 10, 000. "It was something that was best not told, " Atlas said. He declined to identify the microbe.

36 Science journals editors decide to revise some research papers before publication because______.

（A）some achievements in science can be used for ill purposes

（B）these papers are not qualified

（C）there are some unacceptable beliefs in these papers

（D）they are required to do so by the public

37 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned?

（A）Many publications and scientific associations will take new measures in editing. （B）It is not easy to both protect the public and encourage scientific research.

（C）Journal editors are trying to prevent the information in research papers from being misused.

（D）Most research papers have to be changed and reduce the potential dangers, especially before publication.

38 It can be inferred that journal editors are trying to______.

（A）publish advancements in biology

（B）protect the information in scientific publications

（C）alarm their readers

（D）warn readers of the danger of biological weapons

39 The phrase "raised eyebrows" in Paragraph 5 most probably means______.

（A）caused worries

（B）caused annoyance

（C）caused surprise

（D）caused disappointment

40 The major concern of this text is______.

（A）Science Journals to Withhold Bio-terror Data

（B）Advancements in Biological Research

（C）Threats from Biological Weapons

（D）Editing Methods of World-leading Journals

40 When successful corporate executives are asked how they got where they are, a common answer is, "I was lucky—I was in the right place at the right time" or, "I was working with someone who took me under his wing. "

No question, luck always plays a role. But " fortune favors the prepared mind. " Corporate climbers most likely to succeed make the best use of their brains and personality.

For most of the 20th century, intelligence meant IQ, measured by tests that focused on memory, logic, and analysis. However, the work of some psychologists describes other kinds of intelligence. Goleman popularized the concept of emotional intelligence as having to do with self-control, self understanding and empathy. Sternberg contrasted analytic intelligence with practical intelligence or street smarts and creative intelligence which includes imagination and aesthetic sensibility.

Analytic intelligence—the kind that gets you high scores on the SAT or graduate record exam— used to be the major ticket to higher education and the academic credentials essential to getting hired and moving up in a company. Of course, street smarts were always useful for knowing who to trust and whom to follow.

But as companies put a higher value on teamwork and customer relationships, interpersonal skills and emotional intelligence become more important. As the market

demands continual innovation, creative intelligence—imagination and design capability—makes a difference.

Besides, you need to have the brains that make you an effective leader: strategic intelligence. Strategic intelligence combines aspects of analytic, practical and creative intelligence. It includes the ability to see future trends, the ability of systems thinking, to view parts in relation to the whole, focusing on how parts interact and evaluating them in relation to how well they serve the system's purpose, the ability to design an organization as a social system, and the ability to motivate people to power that organization. Strategic intelligence, especially systems thinking, is in much shorter supply than the other kinds of intelligence.

Good leadership today requires all of these intellectual capabilities. But it is one thing to know what's right, it's another to take risks or do what is right even when there is no guarantee of success.

41 What would be the best title for the passage?

（A）The Elements of Intelligence.

（B）Strategic Intelligence Counts.

（C）Only the Brainiest Succeed.

（D）Systems Thinking Is in Shorter Supply.

42 What does "took me under his wing"(Para. 1)probably mean?

（A）Advised me to follow his way.

（B）Gave me help, support and protection.

（C）Asked me wait for the most appropriate opportunity.

（D）Offered me a good position.

43 Which of the following statement is TRUE?

（A）Analytic intelligence is not necessary in one's success any more.

（B）Systems thinking means to foresee the trends by viewing factors in the present.

（C）Emotional intelligence involves elements like imagination and design capability.

（D）Evaluating the value of the parts in relation to how well they serve the system's purpose represents the ability of systems thinking.

44 What does "street smart" mean according to the passage?

（A）The skills and intelligence to deal with interpersonal relationships.

（B）The ability to get familiar with the people on the street immediately.

（C）The ability to live without a settled house.

（D）The skills to get dressed smart than other people.

45 What does the author mean in the last paragraph?

（A）Good leadership is not easily obtained nowadays.

（B）If you have all these intellectual capabilities, you'll have a great chance to become successful.

（C）Sometimes, success can't be guaranteed even when one knows what's right.

（D）How various intelligences are exercised eventually depends on the leader's courage.

45 Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they'll say, "Success. " The dream of individual opportunity has been home in America since Europeans discovered a " new world" in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers. In Letters from an American Farmer(1782), he wrote, "We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered and unrestrained, because each person works for himself... We have no princes, for whom we toil, starve, and bleed. We are the most perfect society now existing in the world. " The promise of a land where "the rewards of a man's industry

follow with equal steps the progress of his labor" drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.

Our national mythology is full of illustration of the American success story. There's Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became America's best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us—we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to " make a fortune in real estate with no money down, " and " dressing for success. " The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships—today it's as important to be "successful" in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.

But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to "make it" also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the "right" neighborhoods, wear the "right" clothes, eat the "right" foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.

46 What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur?

（A）People are free to develop their power of imagination.

（B）People who are honest and work hard can succeed.

（C）People are free from exploitation and oppression.

（D）People can fully enjoy individual freedom.

47 By saying "the rewards of a man's industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor"(Para. 1), the author means______.

（A）the more diligent one is, the bigger his returns

（B）laborious work ensures the growth of an industry

（C）a man's business should be developed step by step

（D）a company's success depends on its employees' hard work

48 The characters described in Horatio Alger' s novels are people who______.

（A）succeed in real estate investment

（B）earned enormous fortunes by chances

（C）became wealthy after starting life very poor

（D）became famous despite their modest origins

49 It can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph that______.

（A）business success often contributes to a successful marriage

（B）American wish to succeed in every aspect of life

（C）good personal relationships lead to business success

（D）successful business people provide good care for their children

50 What is the paradox of American culture according to the author?

（A）The American road to success is full of nightmares.

（B）Status symbols are not a real indicator of a person's wealth.

（C）The American Dream is nothing but an empty dream.

（D）What Americans strive after often contradicts their beliefs.

四、英译汉

51 Translate the following passages into Chinese.

A poem compressed much in a small space and adds music, thus heightening its meaning. The city is like poetry; it compresses all life, all races, and breeds, into a small island and

adds music and the accompaniment of internal engines. The island of Manhattan is without any doubts the greatest human concentrate on earth, the poem whose magic is comprehensible to millions of permanent residents but whose full meaning will always remain elusive. At the feet of the tallest and plushiest offices lie the crummiest slums. The genteel mysteries housed in the Riverside Church are only a few blocks from the voodoo charms of Harlem. The merchant princes, riding to Wall Street in their limousines down the East River Drive, pass within a few hundred yards of the gypsy kings; but the princes do not know they are passing kings, and the kings are not up yet anyway—they live a more leisurely life than the princes and get drunk more consistently.

52 We are all men with the same power of making and destroying, with the same divine foresight mocked by the same animal blindness. We ourselves may not be in fault today, but it is human beings in no way different from us who are doing what we abhor and they abhor even while they do it. There is a fate, coming from the beast in our own past, that the present man in us has not yet mastered, and for the moment that fate seems a malignity in the nature of the universe that mocks us even in the beauty of these lonely hills. But it is not so, for we are not separate and indifferent like the beasts; and if one nation for the moment forgets our common humanity and its future, then another must take over that sacred charge and guard it without hatred or fear until the madness is passed.

五、汉译英

53 Translate the following passages into English.

燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁?又藏在何处呢?是他们自己逃走了：现在又到了哪里呢?

我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪潸潸了。

54 古代中国社会对私奔的情侣有一种严厉的惩罚。如果男子私奔被捉到，他会被从家庙中除名，拥有的土地被没收，而人则会被绑在门板上用木棍抽打直至重伤甚至死去。女子如果私奔被捉，或者是被休回家，或者被扔到井里淹死。如果女子出生名门，她则会被驱逐出家族的势力范围。不管私奔的是男子还是女子，家里人都会因此在邻里中“抬不起头”。

六、写作

55 Write an essay in no less than 400 words on the topic given below: Can Academic Studies Be Truly Apolitical?