大学英语四级选词填空

大学英语四级选词填空：36~45（10x3.55）满分35.5

It’s the first question parents ask when their child is diagnosed with autism. Will his future brothers or sisters have a higher risk of 36 it, too?

According to the largest study of siblings（兄弟姐妹）in families with autism, the answer is yes. Among 664 children who had at least one older sibling with the development disorder, the 37 risk of autism was nearly 19%, 38 higher than previous sibling-recurrence estimates that were anywhere from 3% to 10%. Kids with more than one older autistic sibling had an even higher risk of the disorder: 32%.

The 39 suggest that genes play a key role in autism risk. But they also hint that other environmental factors 40 by siblings, like influences in the womb（子宫）, may be important as well.

On the 41 of the findings, the researchers recommend that doctors closely 42 younger siblings of autistic children to pick up any early signs of the disorder, 43 an unusually large head or delayed language development and communication skills. Evidence suggests that early 44 and diagnosis of autism can help children take advantage of therapies that can treat some of its 45 .

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average basis common consequently detection developing distributed dramatically including monitor reason results shared symbols symptoms

自闭症

当家里的一个孩子被诊断患有自闭症的时候，父母问的第一个问题就是：他未来的弟弟妹妹们患自闭症的风险是不是也会更大？

根据规模最大的一次对有患有自闭症的孩子的家庭中兄弟姐妹的研究发现，该问题的答案是肯定的。在664个家里至少有一个哥哥或姐姐患有发育障碍症的儿童中，他们患上自闭症的平均风险为将近19%，兄弟姐妹重复患病率明显高于之前的预测值——3%到10%。如果不止一个哥哥或姐姐患有自闭症的话，这样的孩子患病的几率甚至更高，达32%。

研究结果显示基因是患有自闭症的重要因素。但是结果也指出兄弟姐妹间共同的其他环境因素也起着很重要的作用，比如在子宫中受到的影响。

基于研究发现，研究者们建议医生严密监控自闭症儿童的弟弟妹妹，以便发现障碍症的任何早期迹象，包括头部异常偏大、语言功能和交流技能发展迟缓。有证据表明，自闭症的尽早发现和确诊可以有助于孩子们接受治疗，医治自闭症的某些症状。

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名词：basis基础detection发现侦察reason原因

results结果symbols象征标志symptoms症状

动词：developing得病发展distributed分配including包括monitor监测shared共享形容词：average平均的common共有的普通的

副词：consequently所以因此dramatically大幅度地引人注目地

KEY

developing average dramatically results shared

basis monitor including detection symptoms

Salt Intake and Disease 大学英语四级选词填空：36~45（10x3.55）满分35.5

Just when you had figured out how to manage fat in your diet, researchers are now warning against another common mealtime pitfall salt.

A study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, Stanford University

and Columbia University shows that even a 36 decrease in daily salt intake（摄入）can lead to dramatic health benefits. The authors 37 an annual drop of as many as 120 000 cases of heart disease, 66 000 38 of stroke and 99 000 heart attacks 39 by high blood pressure after a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt.

The advantages, not surprisingly, were greater for African Americans, who are more likely to 40 high blood pressure than other ethnic groups, and for the elderly, since blood vessels stiffen（硬化）with age, which can lead to higher blood pressure.

“Everyone in the US is consuming sa lt for in 41 of what is good for them,” says lead author Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of UCSF. “What we are suggesting is that a population-wide effort to reduce salt intake, even 42 , will have health benefits.”

The team conducted a computer-based analysis to determine the 43 of a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt intake on rates of heart disease and death. They also calculated the cost savings emerging from the amount of disease that would be 44 because of lower blood pressure. The conclusion, by cutting salt intake nationwide, the US could save billion to billion 45 in health care costs.

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accidents annually avoided caused considerable develop documented dramatically excess impact instances modest revised slightly undertake

食盐摄入量和疾病

当你刚刚解决如何处理饮食中的脂肪时，研究人员们现在正在就另一日常用餐陷阱盐——发出警示。

一项由加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校、斯坦福大学以及哥伦比亚大学的科研人员所做的研究显示，即使食盐日摄入量降低程度不太大仍然会给健康带来巨大的好处。发起者记录下来借助每天减少3克盐的摄入量多带来的年度下降数据，其中包含120 000份心脏疾病案例、66 000例中风和99 000例由高血压所导致的心脏病。

不出所料，非洲裔美国人和老年人获益更多，因为前者比其他种族的人更容易患高血压，后者随着年龄的增长，其血管会硬化进而导致高血压。

“在美国，每一个人都在消耗远超过自己正常需求量的食盐。”该研究的领头发起人，即来自加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校的Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo 博士说道。“我们的建议是，全民做出努力去减少食盐的摄入量，即使是轻微的减少，也都将会给健康带来益处。”

该团队通过实施一项基于计算机的分析来确定每日食盐摄入量减少3克对于心脏疾病发病率和死亡率的影响。他们还计算出由于血压降低而避免的疾病数量所节约的成本。结论是：通过全国范围内减少食盐摄入量，美国每年在健康护理开支方面可以节约100～240亿美元。

名词：accidents事故excess超过超额量impact影响instance例子实例

动词：avoided避免caused导致develop得病发展

documented记录revised修订校正undertake承担从事

形容词：considerable相当大的modest不太大的谦虚的

副词：annually每年年度地dramatically戏剧性地引人注目地slightly轻微地稍微地

KEY

modest documented instances caused develop

excess slightly impact avoided annually

Nursing Shortage and Fast-track 四级选词填空：36~45（10x3.55）满分35.5

What does it take to be a well-trained nurse? The answer used to be two-year associate’s degree or four-year bachelor’s degree programs. But as the nursing shortage 36 , a growing number of schools and hospitals are establishing “fast-track programs” that enable