中西文化差异具体举例

中西文化差异具体举例
中西文化差异具体举例

文化一词,汉语中就是“人文教化”的简称。而文化的构成,最常见的是物质、制度、精神三个方面。中国俗语说:一方水土养一方人,不同地域的人,由于自然环境、思想观念、人文历史等的不同,从而造成了“人文教化”的差异。在现实生活中,当两个不同国家民族的人在一起交流沟通时,两种不同的文化也就会摩擦碰撞。“非我族类、其心必异”正是这种文化差异下人性的真实写照。本文从笔者个人在现实生活中接待国外来访者所感受到的中西方文化差异做一简要探究。

2009年3月和2011年3月,笔者先后接待了美国哥伦比亚大学的Jack Goets和哈佛大学的Brain Mendal(都为大学一年级学生)来苏州信息职业技术学院进行社会实践,在校园开展英语角活动,与学生在英语课堂中进行互动交流。期间两位青年志愿者住在笔者家里并和笔者的家人一起生活,在与他俩朝夕相处的几个月中,笔者切身感受到了中西方文化在教育、宗教、饮食、价值观念等诸多方面的差异。

一、中西文化在教育方面的差异

Jack和Brain来我家时,我儿子正处于小学高年级阶段,这时候的小孩由于玩心正浓,所以在平日的生活中我管束的比较严格,事无巨细都插手干涉。有次我带Brain去儿子学校,孩子们正在操场上放风筝,我想让Brain也感受放风筝的乐趣,就要求儿子把风筝让给Brain,儿子虽然不情愿,但还是接受了我的要求。Brain对此事很有看法,他说在美国,人们对孩子的要求不是服从,而是尊重,更注重的是平等、交流和对孩子自尊心的保护。因为在他们看来,即使是未成年人,也有自己的人权和自尊心,蹲下来与孩子平等的交流是家长一贯的做法。对我经常给孩子检查作业,带孩子上名目繁多的辅导班,JACK也是很有看法,他说他的父母很少会详细告诉他怎样去做一件事,而是让他自己在完成作业中独立思考该怎样找到更恰当地解决问题的方式。学校课堂上所有问题的答案都是开放式的,只要能够讲出充足的理由,都会得到老师的表扬和肯定。

二、中西文化在观念信仰方面的不同

基督教深深扎根于西方文化之中,Jack来中国时随身携带着一本《圣经》,每晚睡觉前总要翻阅一番,我儿子对此总是迷惑不解。还有汉语和英语中都有“龙”的字眼,在英语中对应的词是‘dragon’。在我们中国,对龙是推崇备至,封建

社会里龙就是皇帝的象征,我们自称是“龙的传人”;但是,Jack却把头长角身披鳞的dragon看作灾难、凶恶的象征。当我儿子把“火龙果”翻译成“red dragon fruit”,就曾让Jack感到很不舒服,不等吃完就停下来纠正他的翻译。而对“亚洲四小龙”,译成英文就只能是“four- tigers”。所以我在选择送给这两个外国志愿者有中国特色的礼物时,也避免印有龙图案的礼物,以尊重他们的文化观念。

三、中西文化对“隐私”的看法不同

Jack和Brain住在我家时,每次洗好衣服之后,我总是习惯性把衣服晒在阳台外面。有天Jack对我说,能否不把他的衣服挂在外面,并说这是他的“隐私”,不希望别人看见他晾晒的衣服。我只能跟他解释,在中国人们习惯把衣服晒在外面,而且很多人觉得没有买烘干机的必要。还有一次,Brain 患红眼病,我带他去医院看医生时就站旁随听,回来后他告诉我,在美国,医生给病人诊断病情时,不允许无关人在旁边,因为病情是个人隐私,病人对医生讲述病情是为了治病,让其他人知道是不应该的事。在某种意义上,这是对他们隐私的侵犯。而在我们中国,凡此种种,根本就称不上是隐私,每家每户的阳台外面总是飘扬着各色“万国旗”,医生在诊断病情的时候,周围总是围满等候看病的其他病人。所以说,中西方人对于“隐私”的看法不同,也会造成文化冲突。

四、中西文化饮食习惯的差异

我们一般采用一日三餐制,将午餐作为三餐中的重点,饭菜比其两餐丰盛。在西方国家,多数是一日四餐,即早饭、午饭、茶点和晚饭。每天在家吃饭,家里老人总是习惯讲句客套话:“今天没有什么好菜,你们请随便吃!”Jack和Brain 总是听的一头雾水。每逢这时我都赶忙说“这是她最拿手的菜!”但尴尬的事情还是会不时的出现,饭桌上老人总喜欢给他们夹菜,表示主人对客人的待客热情,这让习惯于分餐制的Jack和Brain感到无所适从,我们在饭桌上的热情好客在他们看来,是不文明和不可思议的事情,饭桌上吃多吃少是由每个人的食量决定的,吃饭的碗里堆成小山似的,除了不雅,更是饭菜的浪费。

五、中西方文化社交习俗的差异

Jack住我家时,正好有一次朋友请客,我带他一起去朋友家赴宴,带了精美的水果花篮,Jack非常奇怪,问“你的朋友生病了吗?”原来,在西方国家,

最好的礼物莫过于花,水果一般用来送给被探视的病人。而赴宴一般带一瓶酒即可,在这种场合通常不带水果。Jack还说,他们赠送礼物时常说,这是他(她)精心为你准备的,希望你能喜欢。收礼人一般不做推辞,接受礼物后,当即在客人面前打开,并且说些赞美的话表示感谢,表示他很看重你送他的礼物。而我们中国人之间赠送礼物,送礼人总要反复申明:小小心意,不成敬意。朋友、亲戚给我们送礼,我们总要客气一番再接受,收礼后一般不会当面打开,以免给人不礼貌的形象。

六、中西文化价值观念的不同

Brain住我家期间,有一次我带他去儿子的学校进行联欢活动,孩子们的表现非常出色,当Brain表扬他们时,孩子们齐声说“我们还做得不够好,下次会更好!”这让Brain感到不解,不知该说什么好。正是这种中国式的自我谦虚,让Brain觉得无法理解,这与西方文化重个人价值、强调自我意识有关。在Brain 看来,每个人都应该为自己取得的成就而自豪,不应该掩饰自己的自信心、荣誉感。还有一次,我发现Jack看上去不太舒服,因为平时自己管教惯了儿子,就很“关心”地询问Jack要不要去医院看看,并且好心劝告“多穿衣服”、“多喝水”等。没料想,自己的好心被婉言拒绝了。事后他与我沟通,说这样的劝告只有最亲密的人之间才会有,而在普通朋友之间是不会存在的,也是他不容易接受的。

中西方文化虽然存在着差异,但是,在“文化”一词中,有“人”才是一切的前提,“文”是基础和工具,而“教化”是文化的真正重心所在,通过教化,规范所有人的行为处事、知识传承、道德规则,从而逐步归为一统。笔者通过自己的切身体会,了解了中西方文化的差异,认识到只有在“文”的基础上,正确理解西方的社会意识形态,逐步弥合双方对世界的认识差距,才能消除隔阂,从而共享人类文化。

中西节日文化差异英文

中西节日文化差异英文 Revised by Liu Jing on January 12, 2021

The comparison between Chinese and Western festivals 中西方节日文化的差异比较 Abstract: the process of comparing the Chinese and Western festivals and studying Western histories and cultures can help people promote the communication and understanding of different cultures. With the further development of society and inter-cultures, globalization will affect many aspects of life in all countries. And western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China. We should respect them and select the essence. China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition. On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a seemingly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions. Nobody expects such a consequence. So let’s join hand in hand to protect and carry forward Chinese tradition. Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and Western cultures; difference; globalization Introduction: “A holiday of a nation represents a glorious culture and concentrated customs of a nation.” To understand a nation's

中西节日文化差异英文

中西节日文化差异英文公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

The comparison between Chinese and Western festivals 中西方节日文化的差异比较 Abstract: the process of comparing the Chinese and Western festivals and studying Western histories and cultures can help people promote the communication and understanding of different cultures. With the further development of society and inter-cultures, globalization will affect many aspects of life in all countries. And western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China. We should respect them and select the essence. China boasts a brilliant history and splendid traditions. In modern times, Chinese tradition should be preserved and promoted. But it seems that young people no longer treasure the tradition. On the contrary, they turn to pursue enthusiastically a seemingly more modern culture. If this trend is allowed to continue, the priceless heritage of our ancestors will be replaced by western traditions. Nobody expects such a consequence. So let’s join hand in hand to protect and carry forward Chinese tradition. Key words: Traditional festivals; Chinese and Western cultures; difference; globalization Introduction: “A holiday of a nation represents a glorious culture and concentrated customs of a nation.” To understand a nation's

中西文化差异比较英文

T h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n c h i n e s e a n d w e s t e r n c u l t u r e With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows. First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the

中西文化比较教学大纲

中西文化比较教学大纲 课程名称:中西文化比较 课程代码:EE3007 计划学时:34 学分: 2 课程性质:必修、考试面向专业:英语专业学生 课程负责人:梁洁 一、课程的性质、地位和作用 中西文化比较是英语专业本科必修课程之一。本课程主要讲授中西文化理论,文化基本模式,基本因素,中西文化对比,跨文化交际基本原理,跨文化交际能力以及文化冲突案例分析。通过对本课程学习,帮助学生理解中西文化,克服文化障碍,以减缓可能碰到的文化冲击,逐步提高学生跨文化交际的实际能力,使学生能够用文化的眼光,认识自己,包容他人。 二、教学目的和要求: 通过中西文化比较课程的教学, 培养学生以下能力: (1)英语理解能力——通过文化对比课程教学,使学生熟悉和了解中西文化差异,掌握跨文化交际的基本知识,从而提高英语理解能力。 (2)跨文化交际能力——通过课程教学,掌握跨文化交际的技巧,熟悉文化差异的表达方法,培养学生英语表达能力(包括口语表达和书面表达),从而提高跨文化交际能力。 (3)实践应用能力——通过课程教学,提高学生的跨文化交际意识,使学生接受和适应不同的文化差异,并使之为自己的社会实践服务。 三、素质培养目标 通过课程教学, 应注重培养学生以下素质:

(1)文化素养——通过课程教学,学生应能够认识中、西文化的基本异同点,以及语言、文化和交际三者之间的关系;培养学生对文化多元性的意识和对差异的宽容态度,从而提高学生的文化素养。 (2)鉴赏能力——通过对课程学习,使学生接触各种不同的文化,了解中西文化差异,促使学生对不同文化进行对比,激发学生对文化的审美热情,提高他们的鉴赏能力。 (3)创新和开拓精神——学生学习课程后,对各类交际形式有所认识;为了更有效地进行交流;预料和避免由于不同的文化期望而产生的误解,他们将会寻求更好、更恰当的交际形式,培养学生创新和开拓的精神。 四、课程内容的深度、广度、重点、难点 本课程的重点在于有关文化的定义,特性和作用,以及价值观对比。 本课程的难点首先在于实践教学环节很难操作。由于学生很少有机会接触外国人,很难有机会直接观察跨文化交际现象,更难直接参与。 五、教学方法与手段与主要内容 本课程共九个单元。每单元大概四课时,共34课。主要学习方法包括:典型实例分析,学Presentation展示,角色扮演,PPT演练,英汉双向练习等。 第一单元为绪论,总体介绍文化与交际、跨文化交际和跨文化交际学的基本知识。 第二、三单元介绍日常言语交际,着重介绍跨文化日常交际中经常出现的问题,如称呼、话题选择、拜访礼仪、赞语与赞语应答等。练习注重训练学生的日常交际的模式化习得。 第四单元介绍语言交际,着得讲解词语的文化内涵与文化思维模式。通过大量的实例,把语言与文化的关系生动有趣展现在学生面前,同时把文化深层结构引入学生的视野。 第五单元介绍非语言交际,主要概述非语言交际的三大内容:时间观念、空间的使用与身势语,用大量事例充分展示了非常语言交际在跨文化交际中的重要作用及应用规则。 第六单元介绍跨性别文化交际,介绍中外男女性别意识的差异所导致的文化差异,如谈话风

中西文化差异英文

Differences between Chinese and Western culture As we know the differences between the our estern cultures and western cultures are quite obvious.I would like to state some of my opinions in this paper. I.difference in the thinking style People on the earth are homologous,but different people in different place have different performance on the way of thinking. Differences between Chinese and Western way of thinking reflected in many aspects.Such as the difference between abstract and concrete, reflected in their attitudes towards life can be understood as Westernersare more practical, and the Chinese are much more biased towards some spiritual experience. Westerners pay attention to logical thinking, but Chinese pay more attention to dialectical thinking and so on. As Chinese and western way of thinking are different, there are differences in expression of the order. For example,we can see that the names of western style are not like ours,they put their given names at the first place,while we put them after our family names,that is to say,we regard our family more important than ourselves,and it's the traditional way of estern thinking.Westerners have another way of thinking,they think that each person is important in our world and society,and a person should play a important role among our human beings. II.differences in daily communication Westerners are frank,but chinese are humility.The reflection between westerners and chinese on the treatment of praise is different.In the West, people can accept it generously. As the Chinese have long term impact of Confucian education, we treat others’ praise and recognition not often take the attitude of ourselves, or there is suspected of arrogant. When meeting acquaintances, chinese and westerners greet each other are also different. Chinese people often say "Have you eat ?" "Where are you going?"except the general asked”hello”. In western culture, this is not a greeting, but substantive issues. When British and American people meet,they usually use a polite phrase like "How are you?" or "Nice to meet you!" In addtion,when westerners accept gift from others,they are willing to open it and praise it directly,but chinese do not do like that. III.differences in customs Chinese people regard ourselves as descendants of the Dragon.Chinese have a supreme respect for the dragon, we think dragon is a symbol of our nation. In the dynasty time,Chinese emperors generally self-styled "dragon".However,in the West, the dragon was regarded as the devil, and it was killed by the legendary god of protection, so they set a day as a festival to celebrate the lifting of a disaster, and thank the protection of God.For this reason, when the students describe a person's lively, they say "He / She is full of vim and vigor." not"He / She is as lively as a dragon and tiger". Everyone has their favorite color, so does a country and a nation. Chinese like the red colour ,because chinese think red is a symbol of luck and enthusiam. But westerners perfer to the blue colour,they think blue can make themselves calm. Thus,the preferences of different colors can reflect the whole of a country’s aesthetic taste. IV. differences in eating cultrue Chinese and Western diets are very different, so the differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, a banquet, no matter what purpose, there will be only one form, that is, everyone sit around one table. People toast each other,and eat the same food in one plate,,It reflects the mutual respect between people even the traditional courteous virtue. Although from the health point of view, this dietary approach has obvious shortcomings, it is consistent with our

中西文化差异英文

中西文化差异英文 Differences Betwween Chinese And Western Clture As we know,there are many obvious differences between chinese and western clture.Here I will epress some opinions about this. Chinese culture is the collectivist culture.Chinese put the benefit of groung the first place.The value of people can not be allowed to set up over the the benefit of the grounp.On the contrary,western culture is the individualist culture.They spare no efforts to show off themselves. 1、Differences in addressing Chinese put the given name after the family name.While in the western country,their given names were put at the place.We can see that Chinese regard the family name more important than the given name.It reflects that Westerners have a thought that each person is significant in our world and a person should play a important role among our beings. 2、Differences in rendering thanks Generaly,in China the family members hardly say “thanks”.If say it,we will feel strange and have distance beween each other.But Westerners can it on any occasion and beween any people.When someone give they a cup of drink,they will say“Thanks”.What,s more,when someone ask you“Would you like something to eat/dirnk,”Chinese would say a few words of courtesy although they would like.But in th e west,peole will say“Yes,please”if they would like and will say“No,thanks”if they would not.

中西文化差异比较(英文)

中西文化差异比较(英文)

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