2010年高考英语作文试题点评(全国卷I)

2010年高考英语作文试题点评(全国卷I)
2010年高考英语作文试题点评(全国卷I)

把握高考评分标准写好英语书面表达

——2010年高考英语作文试题点评(全国卷I)

天利考试信息网特邀点评专家:河南省安阳市虹桥中学马国民

英语作文即英语书面表达主要是考查考生综合运用英语进行书面表达的能力,是一项主观性试题。《考试大纲》指出,写作是英语听、说、读、写四项语言技能中不可分割的一个重要部分,更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。该部分试题要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考生应能:(1)准确使用语法和词汇。(2)使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。

一、试题回顾分析

今年的英语高考作文(全国卷I)命题思路和前几年相比,变化并不大,仍然采用的是应用文的考查形式,是提纲类作文,体现了高考命题的稳定性。材料如下:假设你是育才中学学生会主席,你校将举办一次英语演讲比赛(speech contest),想要邀请附近某大学外籍教授Smith女士来做评委,参考以下通知,给她写一封信:主题《人与自然》。时间:6月15号下午2点至五点。地点:501教室。参赛选手:10名学生。联系人李华电话:44876655。欢迎大家光临。

Dear Ms.Smith,

With best wishes.

Yours,

Lihua

题示材料已经在一定程度上规定了考生的表达思路,而且对考生的写作范围也作了比较明确的限定。但是,试题仍然具有一定的开放性,给各位考生留出了一定的自由发挥空间,有利于考生充分展示自己的英语书面表达能力。

这次英语作文试题还是采用了以往的书信形式。对于类似形式的英语作文,考生并不陌生,在以往的复习和模拟训练时,见过不少。因此,本次作文难度不算大。而且,试题中已经写好了开头和结尾,考生不必考虑和担心书信格式的问题,可以直接按照材料题示的有关内容进入主题,这有利于帮助考生增强信心,进行顺利答题。考生应该克服畏难情绪,因为英语作文没有唯一的固定标准答案,只要写得好,只要写得精彩,就能拿到比较高的分数。

二、把握评分标准

高考的评分原则以及评分标准是考生平常进行写作训练的指导原则,是考生在高考时进行写作的规范,也是高考阅卷老师评分给分的一个重要依据和标准。

(一)评分原则:

1、本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。

2、评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量,确定或调整档次,最后给分。

3、词数少于80和多于120的,从总分中减去2分。

4、评分时应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。

5、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

(二)评分标准:

第五档(21-25分):完全完成了试题规定的任务,完全达到了预期的写作目的

——覆盖所有内容要点。

——应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。

——语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。

——有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。

第四档(16-20分):完全完成了试题规定的任务,达到了预期的写作目的

——虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容。

——应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

——语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。

——应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。

第三档(11-15分):基本完成了试题规定的任务,整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的

——虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容。

——应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

——有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解。

——应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯。

第二档(6-10分):未恰当完成试题规定的任务,信息未能清楚地传达给读者

——漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容。

——语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。

——有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解。

——较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。

第一档(1-5分):未完成试题规定的任务,信息未能传达给读者

——明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求。

——语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。

——较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。

——缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯。

不得分(0分):未能传达给读者仟何信息:内容太少,无法评判;写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。

三、写作注意事项

1、草拟提纲

考生认真审题后,如果不是因为时间关系,最好不要急于往答题卷上书写,可以留出3分钟左右的时间,先在草稿纸上列一个小提纲,构思好想使用的词汇和句子,建立起作文的基本框架。之后,再快速通一遍,进行修改定稿。这样再往卷面上写,就会相对地使作文写得更出色一些,增加得分的几率。

2、要点完整

考生如果想拿到高分,必须按照要求在作文中覆盖试题规定的所有内容要点,完成试题任务,达到预期的写作目的。在写作时,考生应该留心是否要点完整,是否有要点遗漏。在题示要点完整的前提下,考生可以作文材料为中心进行适当地发挥,适当补充一部分相关内容,以期使作文更加完美。

3、按部就班

考生应该对高考持平常心,对待英语书面表达也是如此。在写作时,考生应该按照平常老师的要求和个人的写作习惯来完成书面表达试题所要求的任务就可以了。千万不要打破常规,追求所谓的标新立异,因为这样做,往往会适得其反,不但不能出色地完成书面表达的任务,而且最终拿不到自己心目中理想的作文分数。

4、卷面整洁

英语书面表达毕竟是一项主观性试题,评分过程中就会难免有很多主观因素。漂亮的字体,干净整洁的卷面会使人赏心悦目,无疑会给考生的作文增色不少。因此,考生在写作时要注意书写规范,字母均匀大小适中,字体工整,保持卷面整洁,忌潦草凌乱,乱涂乱改,如需改动,可用笔画斜线进行删除就可以了。

5、避开错误

考生在作文当中如果错词、错句、病句出现的太多,则会直接影响表达的效果和成绩。在写作时,考生应该尽可能地减少错误,避免出现汉字、拼音、空格等低级错误,尽量避开自己使用起来没有把握的单词和句子。如果为了追求句式的变化而出现了一些本来可以避免的错误,就得不偿失了。在保证准确的前提下,考生才可以考虑句式的变化,应用较多的语法结构。

6、控制篇幅

高考作文评分原则已经明确指出,考生作文词数少于80词和多于120词的,从总分中减去2分。由此看来,词数不够是要扣分的,而且也并不是词数写得越多就越好。因此,考生在写作时一定要按照评分原则的要求来完成写作任务,严格控制好词数,严格控制好作文的篇幅。

7、行文紧凑

考生在写作时,可以在作文中穿插使用一些过渡性词语。这样会使作文条理清楚,连贯自然,行文紧凑。例如:

表示列举和顺序的:firstly, secondly, thirdly, besides, then, lastly, for one thing, for another thing, at the start, etc.

表示让步关系的:anyway, anyhow, whatever, whenever, however, though, in any case, in spite of that, after all, all the same, etc.

表示时间过渡的:now, suddenly, later, meanwhile, soon, suddenly, in the meanwhile, etc.

表示概括总结的:in a word, in conclusion, in short, to sum up, etc.

表示同位关系的:in other words, for example, namely, that is to say, for instance, that is, etc.

表示增补和引申的:also, in addition, what’s more, to make things worse, moreover,etc.

8、不留白板

有的考生缺乏自信,认为自己英语学得不好,写作能力差,干脆就放弃不写了,留下白板一片。根据高考评分原则和标准,我们知道,只要能写出一些和试题要求相关的词和句子,就不至于得零分。考生可以从比较简单的相对有把握的词和句子入手,按照要求写一写(当然要控制在80—120词之间),这样就增加了得分的几率。考生切忌抄前面的完形填空或阅读理解,甚至生搬硬造,写汉语拼音,企图蒙混过关,这样做只会白费笔墨,拿不到分数。

8、仔细复查

在答题卷上写完书面表达之后,再仔细复查一下是写作中不可缺少的一个重要环节。通过复查,考生可以及时发现由于粗心大意而出现的一些完全可以避免的错误。例如单复数、拼写、搭配、时态、标点符号等方面的错误。这一类错误在复查时很容易发现,也容易改正,这样就进一步提高了书面表达的准确性。

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