英语六级翻译整理14-15

中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。

The Chinese heated words usually reflect social changes and culture, some of which are increasingly popular with foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they get different meanings now. The word tuhao used to mean rural landlords who oppress their tenants and servants, while now it refers to people spending money without limits or those showing off all around. That is to say, tuhao owns money rather than taste. The word dama is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it is regarded as a special word to call those Chinese women who rushed to purchase gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago. Tuhao and dama may be included in the new Oxford dictionary. Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to it, becoming a part of English language.（2014.6.1）

北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手，这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500多万辆机动车的尾气排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林。

市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违规建筑，以改善环境，另外，北京还将更严厉的处罚违反限排规定的行为。(2014.6.3)

Beijing plans to invest 760 billion yuan in the next three years to control pollution, beginning with cutting down the emission of PM2.5. This newly announced project aims to reduce four major sources of pollution, including exhaust from more than 5 million motor vehicles,

coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north and local construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan will be used to build or upgrade the facilities of garbage disposal and sewage disposal facilities of the city. In addition, 30 billion yuan will be invested to support forestation programs in the next three years. The municipal government also plans to construct some water recycle plants, banning illegal constructions to improve the environment. Furthermore, Beijing

will punish those who violate the rules of emission-reduction more severely.

最近，中国科学院出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告、高技术发展报告、中国可持续发展战略报告。第一部分报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三部分报告呼吁将加强顶层设计，已消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。(2014.6.2)

Recently Chinese Academy of Science published a series of annual reports about its latest scientific findings and the prospect of the next year. The reports consist of three parts: science development, high technologies development and the China sustainable development strategy report. The first part includes the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particles and the breakthrough in the study of H7N9 virus. Furthermore, it highlights some problems we need to focus in the next few years. The second one announces some heated fields in applied science, for instance, the 3-dimension print and the study of artificial human organs. The third one appeals to people to enhance the top design so as to get rid of the structural obstacles in industrial upgrading and to promote the energy-saving and emission-reduction.

中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动市场的人都须获得大学文凭。在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业：除了关注高等教育外，还将寻找新的突破以确保制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并未外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。（2014.12.1）

China will endeavor to ensure every employee to have average 13.3 years of education. If the goal is achieved, a majority of people entering the labor market will be having B achelor’s degree. In the next few years, China will increase the number of people in vocational college. Except focusing on the higher education, the government will find a breakthrough point to ensure the justice of education. China is trying to optimize education resources and, accordingly, the countryside as well as the less developed areas will receive more support.In addition, the education ministry decides to improve the nutrition of students in less developed areas and provides equal opportunities for the children of workers from out of town to receive education in the city。

反映在艺术和文学作品中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家对自然的感情。传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。(2014.12.3) The ideal of country life reflected in art and literature serves as the significant feature of Chinese civilization, which, to a large extent, can be attributed to the Taoist affection to nature. There are two most preferred themes in the traditional Chinese painting. One is the various scenes of happiness about family life, in which the old man often plays chess and drinks tea, a man ploughs or harvests, a woman weaves or sews, and children play outdoors. The other scene is all kinds of pleasures about country life, in which a fisherman is fishing on the lake, with a farmer cutting firewood or gathering herbs in the mountains, or scholars chanting poems and painting pictures under pine trees. The two themes respectively represent the life ideal of Confucianism and Taoism.

自从1978年启动改革以来，中国已从计划经济转为市场为基础的经济，并经历了经济和社会的快速发展。年均10%的GDP增长已经使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将到。目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。中国现在7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。(2014.12.2)

China has transformed from the planned economy into a market-based economy, since the reform was launched in 1978, experiencing rapid economic and social development. The average 10% of the GDP growth has made more than five hundred million people out of poverty. The “millennium development goal ”of the United Nations has already been or soon be accomplished in China. At present, the 12th Five-year Plan in China emphasizes the development of service industry and the solution of the environment and social imbalance problems. The government has set up goals to reduce pollution, increase energy efficiency，improve the chance of education and health care, and enlarge the social security. The 7% annual economic growth target in China shows that the government attaches great importance to the quality of life rather than the growth rate.

中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已经流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席上通常至少有一道汤，可以最先或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常是标志宴席的结束。(2015.6.1)

In China, a variety of foods and dishes is needed in traditional ways of entertaining guests and makes them impossible to finish the dinner. Typical menus of Chinese banquet include cold dishes to start and the following hot ones. For example，meat, chicken, duck and vegetables.In most banquets, a whole fish dish is considered indispensable, unless various kinds of seafood have been served. Nowadays, Chinese people tend to mix Western specials with traditional Chinese cuisine. Thus, steak is not rare. Traditionally，although the Chinese do not eat any of the uncooked dishes，salads have also become popular. The banquet usually has at least a bowl of soup that can be offered as the first or the final dish. Desserts and fruits usually mean the end of the feast.

汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学、历史、哲学巨著。公元100年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入9000个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。其间，科技方面也取得了很大进步，发明了纸张、水钟、日晷(sundials)以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝历经400年，但统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡。(2015.6.3)

Han Dynasty was one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history, during which lots

of achievements and accomplishments have been made. It was the first to open its doors to other cultures. Foreign trade flourished during this period. The Silk Road initiated by Han Dynasty led all the way to the West Asia and even to Rome. Various forms of art prospered, with the emergence of a lot of literature, history and philosophy masterpieces. 100 A.D. witnessed the completion of the first Chinese dictionary which included 9000 words, providing interpretation and various styles of writing. Meanwhile, technology had also achieved great progress. Paper, water clocks, sundials and earthquake detectors were invented. The reign has lasted for 400 years. However, the corruption of the rulers eventually led to its downfall.

2011年是中国城市化进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里，预计约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念，增强人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约型和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统上发展。(2015.6.2) 2011 was a historic moment in the process of urbanization in China as its population exceeded the rural population for the first time. In the next 20 years, about 350 million rural populations will move into the city. Such scale of urban development is both a challenge and an opportunity for urban transportation. The Chinese government has always advocated the idea that "people come first". It stresses that people should take buses instead of private cars. It also calls

for the construction of "resource-saving and environment-friendly" society. With this clear goal, cities in China can better plan their development and turn a lot of investment to the safe, clean and economic transportation system.