表情包的进化史
表情包是在社交软件活跃之后，形成的一种流行文化。在移动互联网时期，人们以时下流行的明星、语录、动漫、影视截图为素材，配上一系列相匹配的文字，用以表达特定的情感。然而，你知道表情包是怎样出现的吗？今天，我们就来了解一下表情包的前世今生！
第一代：颜文字
在最早的时候，人们聊天的表情包是这样的：
?微笑 :-)
?伤心 :-(
?惊讶 :-O
?开心 :-D
别看它们一副欠揍的样子，这可是人类最初的表情包。
1982年9月19日那一天，美国一大学教授，斯科特 ·法尔曼开了个脑洞，输入了一串 ASCII 字符：
:-)
这就是人类历史上第一个电子符号表情。:-O :-O :-O :-O :-O
后来，日本人在这个基础上，创造出了「颜文字」（kaomiji）...
生气了掀桌：（╯°□°）╯︵┻━┻
你掀我也掀：┻━┻（╰(‘□′╰)
直到今天，颜文字在表情包界还有很强的势力。
但很快，颜文字已经不能满足人类日益增长的聊天需求。
于是，第二代表情来了。
第二代：emoji
1999年，还是日本人，Shigetaka Kurita （栗田穣崇）发明了后来席卷全球的 emoji 。
Emoji 这个词来源于日本语里的絵（e =图片）文（mo =写）字（ji=字符）。
没错，就是这货：
但真正让 emoji 在全球圈粉的，是在 iOS 5 输入法加入 emoji 之后。它的圈粉程度，让人难以想象。
2014 年，牛津词典把「 emoji 」添加到新词汇中。
这货还当选了《牛津词典》2015年年度词汇...
当然，除了 emoji ，QQ等社交平台上的自带表情，也是火了好多年。
很快，人类又遇到了新难题。
表情虽多，但情感不够丰富，形象不够鲜明，场景不够生动。翻译过来就是：不够我装逼了。
第三代：贴图表情
?
贴图表情有鲜明的人物形象，或者对应的场景。
适合人类多快好省地装逼。
可以说是病毒式传播开来。
微信上比较火的贴图表情，比如小崽子系列表情包。
而自从贴图表情出来后，人类对表情包的需求，已经不受控制了。
人们早早起身，来到了网络深处，寻找各种珍贵的素材，他们要自制表情包。第四代：自制斗图表情包
学友哥表情的刷屏，代表着自制表情包时代的到来。
对的，就是这个表情：
他的进化版是：
这也意味着斗图时代的到来。
现在群里聊天，如果你手上没有一百几十张表情包，根本插不了嘴。再看看现在的各种公众号文章，不放一堆表情包，都不好意思推送。以至于有些粉丝都不是看文章的，而是偷图的！
刷屏的不止学友哥，还有他们：（图自“合集少女”）
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汽车造型的历史演变
汽车造型的历史演变 汽车的历史。在一个多世纪的演变过程中，汽车的形状也是经历了几个时代的变迁。从粗糙的“马车”到火柴盒般的箱形汽车，再到很卡通的甲壳虫汽车，还有船型、鱼型、楔型，汽车的身材越来越好看，线条越来越代美。 “马车”的年代 从19世纪末到20世纪初，世界上相继出现了一批汽 车制造公司，除戴姆勒和奔驰各自成立了以自己名字命名 的汽车公司外，还有美国的福特公司、英国的劳斯莱斯公 司、法国的标致和雪铁龙公司、意大利的菲亚特公司等。 当时的汽车外形基本上沿用了马车的造型。因此，当时人 们把汽车称为天马的“马车”。 箱形汽车的年代 马车型汽车很难抵挡风雨的侵袭，美国福特汽车公司在1915年生产出一种新型的福特T型车，这种车的车室部分很像一只大箱子，并装有门和窗，人们把这类车称为“箱型汽车”。这种车以其结构紧凑、坚固耐用、容易驾驶、价格低廉而受到欢迎，并以产量之高而著称于世。福特还首先采用“流水作 业法”，大大提高了劳动生产率，并为今天的汽车生产所继 承。早期的箱型汽车以美国的福特T型车最为著名，年产量 达到30万辆，占美国汽车总产量的70%-80%。 此外，美国通用汽车公司的雪佛莱部看准了用户多样化 的要求，于1928年制造出在散热器罩、发动机通风口和轮罩 上增加豪华装饰的汽车，从而博得了用户的欢迎。 流线型汽车 随着生活节奏的加快，人们对车速的要求也越来越 高。作为高速车来讲，箱型汽车是不够理想的，因为它 的阻力大，大大妨碍了汽车前进的速度。所以人们又开 始研究一种新的流线型汽车。流线型车身的大量生产是 从德国的“大众”开始的。 1933年德国的独裁者希特勒要求保时捷（1875－1951） 设计一种大众化的汽车，保时捷博士设计了一种类似甲壳虫外形的汽车。他最大限度地发挥了甲壳虫外形的长处，成为同类车中之王，甲壳虫也成为该车的代名词。由于第二次世界大战的原因，甲壳虫型汽车直到1949年才真正大批量生产，并开始畅销世界各地，同时以一种车型累计生产超过二千万辆的记录而著称于世。 船型汽车 船型车改变了以往汽车造型的模式，使前翼子板和发 动机罩，后翼子板和行李舱罩溶于一体，大灯和散热器罩 也形成一个平滑的面，车室位于车的中部，整个造型很像 一只小船，所以人们把这类车称为“船型汽车”。这种车
人类文明进化史
选择 万物之始—— (2) 人之初—— (2) 进取： (2) 欲望： (2) 智慧： (2) 生活创造 (3) 财富？人生？价值？价格？ (3) 我们的选择 (3) 努力？勤劳？刻苦？奋进？ (4) 生活的选择_ (4) 工作是什么？ (4)
万物之始—— 三维空间中，宇宙里一个孤零零的角落，这里还处在一片微弱的混沌当中，处在一万光年之后的地球便开始存在，之后随着温度、气候的不断演变，开始出现了生物有机体，慢慢的地球上开始出现了生物。 人，大概经历了300万年的时间完成了从猿人到原始人再到智人最后进化成现代人的过程，人类与猿类更重要和本质的区别是人类出现了文化，群体社会不断发展。人类社会经历了五千多年的文明进化史，从野蛮文明、原始文明、农业文明到现在的工业文明乃至生态文明。 现在我们已经步入了全新的信息时代，进入了全新的人与人之间竞争的时代。 这个特殊的人群，为什么可以成为万物之灵？ 这个特殊的人群，为什么能够主宰万物自然？ 这个特殊的人群，为什么孜孜不倦挖掘力量？ 人之初—— 进取：无论是登山的人，还是职场中的你，都需要有一颗进取的心，时刻保持充电的状态。 欲望：一直相信万物由欲望而生，或者也会因欲望而灭。那么何为欲望，欲望的分类又是什么？精神上的欲望和物质上的欲望的意义何在？ 说实话,从人类诞生以来,除了原始社会没有太多的自相残杀以外,释问哪一个历史阶段没有战争?人类历史发展了几千年,却还要为同类之间的关系,矛盾而做着无谓的挣扎。 智慧：人类的文明就是人的智慧创造的，你有多少智慧你就有多少财富，你有多少智慧，你就有多少幸福与自豪。 古老的中华民族诞生了孔子，我们为世界奉献了儒学，恪守“己所不欲，勿施于人”的要求，由于智慧，我们人类可以享受电的成果，火车、汽车、飞机、卫星的发明，可以感受时间和空间的变化，就连最简单的拉链、胸罩、方便面这样的智慧也无时无刻不在体现智慧的价值。 试想一下，一个无欲无求、没有进取、没有欲望也没有智慧的人能够在这个世界上得到什么？我们认为的低等生物例如猪它为了生存或者说是生活，它也是有它应有的欲望——吃。
新西兰英文介绍
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island) and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Māori name for New Zealand is Aotearoa, commonly translated as land of the long white cloud. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau; the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing but in free association); and the Ross Dependency, New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica. 新西兰是由两个主要的自转（北岛和南岛）和许多较小的岛屿组成的西南太平洋岛屿国家最引人注目的是斯图尔特岛和查塔姆群岛。新西兰土著毛利人名称是教徒，通常译为长白云之乡。新西兰的领域还包括托克劳；库克群岛、纽埃(自由结盟的自治但）；和罗斯属地，新西兰的南极的领土主张。 New Zealand is geographically isolated, situated about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) southeast of Australia across the Tasman Sea. Its closest neighbours to the north are the Pacific islands of New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga. The country's sharp mountain peaks owe much to the earthquakes and volcanic activity caused by the clashing Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates. The climate is mild and temperate and most of the land was originally covered in forests of podocarp, kauri or southern beech. During its long isolation New Zealand developed a distinctive fauna dominated by birds, a number of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals. 新西兰是地理上的孤立，位于约2000 公里（1,200 mi) 东南的澳大利亚跨塔斯曼海。其最接近的邻国向北太平洋岛屿新喀里多尼亚、斐济和汤加。该国的锋利的山峰，归功于地震和火山活动引起的矛盾冲突的太平洋和印度-澳大利亚板。气候是温和和温带和podocarp、贝壳或南部的山毛榉林原本覆盖着的大部分土地。在其长期隔绝，新西兰开发独特的动物以鸟类为主，其中若干绝种了人类抵达后和介绍哺乳动物。 Polynesians settled New Zealand in 1250–1300 AD and Europeans first made contact in 1642 AD. In 1840 a treaty was signed between the Māori and British, making New Zealand a colony of Britain. The colony became self governing in 1852 and was made a Commonwealth realm in 1947. During liberal reforms in the 1890s New Zealand became the first country to extend voting rights to women and to develop a system of compulsory arbitration between unions and employers. Elizabeth II, as the Queen of New Zealand, is the country's head of state and is represented by a Governor-General. The Queen's role is limited and executive political power is exercised by the Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister. New Zealand has close ties with Britain, Australia, the United States and several Pacific Island nations. 原住民定居新西兰1250–1300 AD 和欧洲人第一次做的接触1642年广告。1840 年毛利人和英国，使新西兰的英国殖民地之间签署了一项条约。香港成为自我规管在1852年和1947 年了英联邦的境界。在1890 年代自由化改革在新西兰成为了延长妇女的投票权，工会与雇主之间强制仲裁制度发展的第一个国家。作为新西兰女王伊丽莎白二世，是国家的国家元首，并由总督。女王的角色是有限和由内阁由总理行使行政的政治权力。新西兰有着密切的联系，
中国文化介绍--中英文对照
十二属相 中国民间有一个传统习俗，人一出生，就有一种动物做他的属相。属相，也叫“生肖”，是中国民间传统的纪年和计算年龄的方法。 中国古代的纪年法是帝王年号与“干支”并用，其中“干支纪年法”从史书上有明文记载的公元前841年（庚申年），一直沿用到现在。“干”是“天干”，有十个字组成，这十个字是：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸。“支”是“地支”，由十二个字组成，这十二个字是：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。把天干的十个字和地支的十二个字按顺序配合起来，可以得到60种排列，如：甲子、乙丑、丙寅……这60种排列周而复始，循环使用，每六十年叫做“一个甲子”。如公历的2001年，是农历的辛巳年，公历的2002年，是农历的壬午年；而六十年后，2061年又是辛巳年，2062年又是壬午年。从东汉（25——220）时开始，人们又用鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪12种动物来配十二地支，组成了十二生肖，也叫十二属相。这就是子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。这样，子年是鼠年，丑年是牛年，寅年是虎年……于是，每个人一出生，就有一种动物作他的属相。子年出生的属鼠，丑年出生的属牛，寅年出生的属虎，以此类推。 现在，中国人在用公历纪年和计算年龄的同时，仍然习惯用属相纪年和推算年龄。
twelve symbolic animals it is traditional in China,when a perpon is born,one animal(shuxiang)is used to symbolize this year.Shuxiang,also called shengxiao(any ofthe12animals representing the Earthly Branches),is a traditional way in China to number the years and to record a person's age. The ancient Chinese people invented the method to designate the years by the Heavenly Stems consist of the characters:jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,and gui.And the Earthly Branches are composed of12 characters:zi,shu,yin,mao,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,https://www.360docs.net/doc/372057066.html,bining each of the 10Heavenly Stems with one of the12Earthly Branches in sequence creates60 chronological symbols.For example jiazi,yichou,bingyin,etc.These60symbols are used in circles and thus each year has a chronological symbol.For example,2001 corresponds to xinsi,2002to renwu in the lunar calendar;after60years,2061,once again,corresponds to xinsi,and2062,to https://www.360docs.net/doc/372057066.html,ter,people used12animalsto correspond to the12Earthly Branches,forming the12Symbolic Animals,namely Earthly Branch One Rat,Earthly Branch Two Ox,Earthly Branch Three Tiger,Earthly Branch Four Rabbit,Earthly Branch Five Dragon,Earthly Branch Six Snake,Earthly Branch Seven Horse,Earthly Branch Eight Sheep,Earthly Branch Nine Monkey,Earthly Branch Ten Rooster,Earthly Branch Eleven Dog,Earthly Branch Twelve Pig.Thus the zi year is the Year of the Rat,and the chou Year is the year of the Ox,and the yin Year is the Year of the Year of Tiger,etc.Therefore,when a person is born,he has an animal as his aymbolic animal.The year2002was a renwu year under lunar calendar,also the year of Horse,and so children born in this yea are all Horse babies. Even though the Chinese people now number the years and their age under the Gregorian calendar,the still continue to use the symbolic animals.As long as people know a person'probable age and his symbolic animao,people can infer his exact age and year of birth.