南京师范大学805中国古代文学阅读与写作2018考研初试真题
2018年南京师范大学考研专业课真题试卷硕士研究生入学考试真题
2018南京师范大学思想政治教育学硕考研经验
2018南京师范大学思想政治教育学硕考研经验首先，在分享经验之前，我说一下南师大马院的大致情况，这个院系分六个方向，分别是马原、思政、马中化、马发展、国外马克思主义、中国近现代史，这六个方向在初试统一为马克思主义理论，也就是初试不分方向，考的专业都一样，考试科目分别是马克思主义基本原理和毛中特，进入复试的学生，复试科目会按照你报名时候的方向分开来考查。这些专业报考人数就我今年复试的经验看，按照热门程度，分别是思政、马原、马中化，马发展、近代史，国外马克思主义，复试竞争人数依次递减，大家可以依据兴趣选择就好，复试有院内调剂的机会。 接下来，说一下我的各科备考经验： 一、专业课 我专业课开始复习的时间是六月初，也就是定了考南师大的时间。六月至七月的时间，我大致把两门专业课看了一遍，特别粗略的那种，虽然本科是思政，但对于书的内容基本上是懵的状态，大致浏览之后，开始精读，我看的比较细，课后习题都有认真做，一来是个检验，二来是对知识的梳理，大的点都可以掌握到，但后来拿到真题之后，发现有时候会考一些比较细的点，比如书中只是略带过的一句话，但是作为考题出现，很多同学不会注意，以至于考试的时候出现盲点，或者不能很好的结合自己背的东西，感觉辛苦背了的东西最后都没有用到，其实，真题还是很贴课本的，大部分认真去读，都有提到。比较特殊的就是毛中特，时政性比较强，会问一些最新的时政问题，与时政结合，出一道论述题，而马院的特殊之处就是论述题中一定有一道题是用《马原》这本书中的哲学部分的某个知识点来分析某种现象。所以，在看课本的时候，第一遍我大致浏览，基础框架，知道《马原》这本书是由马哲、政治经济学、科学社会主义三部分组成，《毛中特》是由毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系两部分，其中，中特部分是重点，从经验来看，《马原》的科学社会主义与《毛中特》可以结合学习，有部分真题出自马原但考到毛中特的知识点，注意，这不应该是盲区，是知识的贯通，学会结合起来学习。第二遍的时候，我会去精读书中的许多新的观点，尽量去找出其背景知识，做到真正的了解，知道所有前因后果，而不是死背书本。看似比较费时间，也许会中途失去耐心，但是，却是很有效的，在后期你开始背课本上的时候事半功倍，效率很高，因为你做到了真正理解知识，一旦背一遍，是不会轻易忘记的，有的人总是看别人书背了七八遍，十来遍，但这在没有真正的读懂课本的情况下是白费功夫，考试的时候思路很直，不活跃，答题没有灵气，很容易会以低分结尾。看第三遍书的时候就到了九月份，这是一个意外，第二遍是七月份结束的，但到了期末考试月和暑假，学校和个人的双重原因，考研学习间断了两个月，完全没有看书，到了开学的时候，英语真题还没有研究，公共课
2018考研英语一答案
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解 注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对 整理：凯程中传果酱老师 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】[B]for 【解析】此处考察介词的用法。it’s a necessary condition____many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。B选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;A选项from(来自于)，C选项like(像...)，D选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。 2、【答案】[C]faith 【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition___for___many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand,putting your___in the wrong place often carries a high____.(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，只有C选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现，故正确答案为[C]faith。 3、【答案】[B]price 【解析】此处考察词义辨析。第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand,it’s a necessary condition__for__many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand, putting your___in the wrong place often carries a high____.(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，并且根据空格所在句中的关键词“wrong place”，本句应该在说信任不当的弊端，所以空格处应该填入一个负向感情色彩的词，故A选项benefit和D选项hope排除，而C选项debt(债务)带入之后语义不当，故正确答案为[B]price(代价)。
2011年南京师范大学821公共管理学考研真题
南京师范大学821公共管理学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题及解析 2011年南京师范大学行政管理专业硕士研究生入学考试真题 科目：公共管理学 简答： 行政组织的社会性特征（P28） 西方国家公务员制度的特征（P68） 精英决策模式（P103） 论述： 我国现行行政监督机制的不足和完善路径 我国行政管理体制改革对改善民生的意义和作用 简答： 行政组织的社会性特征（P28） 行政组织是人类社会各种各样的组织形式之一，是依法履行国家行政职能、行使国家相关行政职权的组织实体，是国家行政机关和行政机构的统称，包括从中央到地方的各级各类国家行政机关（法定行政主体）和某些被授权的社会组织。 任何性质的行政组织都具有管理社会公共事务的职能，这就决定了行政组织具有社会性特征，它包括以下几个内容： （1）服务性。任何国家的行政组织都有服务性的特点。行政组织为了维护统治阶级的利益，维护凌驾于社会上的权威地位，就必须同时服务于社会。从国家政治体制中行政与宪法的关系来看，行政一般要服从宪法。 （2）管理性。行政组织的服务型主要是通过他对广泛社会生活的有效领导和管理来实现的，这种领导和管理主要表现为从高于社会的权威地位出发来制定政策、维持秩序、监督协调、组织公共事业的实施并提出国家发展的战略规划等。 （3）法制性。行政组织是依据一定的法律和程序建立的，组织结构、人员编制都有法律规定性。行政组织执行国家宪法和法律，并依法制定行政管理法规，采取行政措施。 （4）系统性。任何国家的行政组织都具有极强的系统性。行政组织权力关系和结构方式大都层次分明、纵横相连、统分有据、浑然一体、政令统一。行政组织可通过对系统的调节以适应外界环境的变化，使其出于对外界环境良好的输入输出状态中。 西方国家公务员制度的特征（P68） 现代意义上的公务员制度产生于西方资本主义国家，由于各国历史条件、文化传统等不尽相同，各国公务员制度也呈现出不同特点，但总的来说，西方各国公务员制度具有以下共同特征： （1）法制管理原则。法制管理是公务员制度的一个基本特征，是实行公务员制度的根本目的，也是人事管理制度现代化、科学化的—个重要标志。健全的法规和严格的执法，使整个公务员管理井然有序。 （2）公开、平等、竞争和择优原则。公开、平等、竞争和择优原则是各国公务员制度的基本原则，是民主政治在公务员制度中的具体体现。 公开就是对公务员管理的各个环节全部公开，让群众进行监督。公开是平等、竞争和择优的基础和前提。
2018年考研英语(一)真题答案与解析【凯程首发】
2018年考研英语（一）参考答案【凯程首发】 刚刚考完，凯程的电话瞬间变成了热线，学员兴奋地汇报他们的考试情况，提到了英语考试，都是在集训营训练的过的内容。凯程近1-2天发布真题解析视频，凯程艾老师预祝同学们考试顺利。 1.选C，for a condition for表对象，意思是“是…的条件” 2.选A，faith faith此处同义替换trust 3.选D,price carry a high price表示可能会付出很大的代价，线索为wrong place 4．选B，then 承上启下句，“那么，为什么要去信任他人呢？” 5.选D，when 并无转折，是简单的时间状语从句 6.选B，produces 与后面的trigger同意替换，产生愉悦的感觉 7.选C，connect 人之间的关系、联系用connect, 8.选D，to to表方向，暴露在这种荷尔蒙（作用）下 9.选B,mood in a mood固定搭配，心情心境 10.选A，counterparts 物主代词＋counterpart固定的搭配，表示相对应的人或物 11.选B，Lucky 从a six sense for dishonesty逻辑知道，11空为褒义词，12空也是褒义词 12.选B，protect 同11，且与主题，信任相关 13.选A,between
differentiate between在两者间区分，用between 14.选C，introduced 从后文tester would ask知道tester是人，实验人员，所以选“介绍” 15.选D,inside 同意替换上文look into the container 16.选A,discovered 同意替换found 17.选C，fooled 语义上来看，既然作出惊喜表情，盒子里面却空无一物，显然是“欺骗，wrong错怪，mock取笑，betray背叛都不合文义。此外下一段t出现了trick,是fool的同意替换18.选B,willing 没有被欺骗，所以“愿意”合作；willing与hesitant是唯一一组正反选项 19选A,in contrast, 作者要证明连小孩子都会用第六感来保护自己，所以最后的这个例子一定是第二组被欺骗的小孩子们的反应，语意上看，应该选in contrast，对比逻辑 20.选C,unreliable 由于欺骗了他们，所以实验人员是”不可信的”，此外unreliable与原文焦点相关。 阅读 21.选D，middle-class workers 简单细节定位题，并无同义替换。第二段But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice,software engineering—have aroused their interest,or soon will. 再次印证了but的重要性。 22.选C，Issues arising from automation need to be tackled 主旨题，文章以发现问题-解决问题的逻辑撰写，主旨在于应对人工智能带来的负面影响，让受影响的人做好充分准备。A，B，D中的groundless,little support和avoid都涉及极端表述，无依据。 23.选A，creative potential 简单定位题，第四段…focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication
考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译
英语二T e x t 1 1---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。 家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。 21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。 [A] is receiving more criticism [B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对） [C] is not required for advanced courses（正反） [D] is gaining more preferences（正反） 2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。 这个规定旨在提出：来自贫穷家庭或混乱家庭的学生有困难，不能完成家庭作业。但该政策是不清晰的，是矛盾的。显然，没有哪个家庭作业是在没有昂贵设备就无法完成的。但如果该学区因为学生家庭复杂而不做家庭作业就给他通过的话，那么这就意味着对于贫穷孩子，标准要降低。
2020年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学(18)
2020年考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（18） It was a big week for Alzheimer's disease， and not just because PBS aired The Forgetting， a first-rate documentary about Alzheimer's worth catching in reruns if you missed it the first time. There was also a flurry of scientific news that offered hope to the families already struggling with Alzheimer's， as well as to the baby-boom generation that's up next. Unless something dramatic happens， the number of Americans living with this terrifying brain disease could triple， to about 16 million， over the next 50 years. There's still no cure in sight， but there is progress on several fronts. Among them： MEGADOSE VITAMINS Doctors knew vitamins E and C， both antioxidants， help stave off Alzheimer's， at least in folks who haven't already developed the disorder. What they didn't know——but a big study involving 4，740 participants published in the Archives of Neurology showed——was that the two vitamins taken together in huge daily doses （at least 400 IU of E and more than 500 mg of C） could reduce the risk of Alzheimer's a remarkable 78%. COMBINATION THERAPY A yearlong study of more than 400 Alzheimer's patients showed that two drugs that work differently on the brain's chemistry act well together to help slow down the disease. Patients who were being treated with donepezil （sold as Aricept）， an older drug that preserves the neurotransmitter acetylcholine， were also given memantine （Namenda）， a new drug approved by the FDA last October that blocks overproduction of a harmful brain chemical called glutamate. The two drugs worked even better
历年南京师范大学各专业考研通过复试的分数线情况
历年南京师范大学各专业考研分数线 ——南京师范大学考研需要多少分才能上？ 2019考研在即，许多考生在决定报考南京师范大学时，总在烦恼需要考多少分才能够进入该专业的复试环节？每年又有多少人进入南京师范大学的复试？近几年的分数是升了还是有所下降？仙林南师大考研网将为即将参加2019南京师范大学考研的各位同学，整理南京师范大学考研各学院各专业往年进入复试的人数及最低分数线，希望考生能够根据往年数据，提前做好准备。欲知更多南京师范大学考研详情，请点击进入【南师大考研真题】，也可报名（南师大考研辅导），考研成功，快人一步！ 2018南师大各学院考研复试人数及分数线汇总 https://www.360docs.net/doc/3b3072235.html,/zhaosheng/details.aspx?id=4111
2018南京师范大学教师教育学院考研进入复试分数线
2018南京师范大学能源与机械工程学院考研进入复试分数线
2018南京师范大学音乐学院考研进入复试分数线 专业代码专业名称可用 计划 复试 人数 复试 最低总分 是否实践考核 专业 备注 130200 音乐与舞蹈学18 13 339 否 135101 音乐专业学位（全 日制） 32 46 335 否 135101 音乐专业学位 （非全日制） 20 10 335 否
计划最低总分考核专业071000 生物学不分方向95 147 324 是071300 生态学10 15 350 否090801 水产养殖 5 8 261 是100705 微生物与生化药学8 25 307 否085235 制药工程15 1 290 否095108 渔业发展15 7 284 是
2018南京师范大学学科教学历史考研初试经验
2018南京师范大学学科教学历史考研初试经验 历史篇 我考的是南京师范大学的学科教学（历史），今天就来分析下南师这方面的考情吧。 首先，大家一定要找到南师的真题，越多越好，越详细越好。 然后我们来分析真题。建议大家先自己整理考题，我是按照中国古代史，中国近代史（自己定的鸦片战争后，辛亥革命前），中国现代史（辛亥革命后）的思路把考题进行了整理。 把考点整理之后，我们会发现中国近代史部分南师关于农民战争（太平天国，义和团等）是从来没有考过的，大到论述小到名解几乎都没有涉及。但这些知识点在中国近代史中是比较重要的，大家在学习这方面的知识时就可以在考研前期和中期的时候进行记忆，到考研后期实在没有时间了再把它们放下。对于这种相对重要的知识点不建议一开始就放。 再来我们看到中国现代史（辛亥革命后），南师的考题也几乎和民族解放，抗日战争有关，关于国名党部分涉及的知识点仅涉及西安事变、正面战场的知识点等，这些都是与抗日或者我党有关的。对于国名党自己内部的争斗，比如西山会议派啥的，尤其是北洋军阀的比如中原大战这种我认为是不会考的，大家复习单纯国民党方面的知识只需要稍微了解即可。（之前考过二次革命，我认为这是与孙中山有关的比较重要的事件，大家可以把这方面的知识作为名词解释进行记忆） 再来我们看到南师有一年出过“关于中国现代化问题的讨论”，这个在课本上用了不少文字介绍。这道题提醒了大家在复习时一定要重视参考书，务必复习全面。 又比如今年最后一道论述考了“新中国成立的意义”，这就要求大家在学习中国现代史的时候要把学习内容延到邓小平“南方谈话”以前，这样的学习才算是全面了 考研咨询、更多南京师范大学考研信息请关注新浪微博：南京师范大学考研百事通
2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题范文
2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题范文（七） Don’t shoot the messenger They poison the mind and corrupt the morals of the young, who waste their time sitting on sofas immersed in dangerous fantasy worlds. That, at least, was the charge levelled against novels during the 18th century by critics worried about the impact of a new medium on young people. Today the idea that novels can harm people sounds daft. And that is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games, which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals. This week European justice ministers met to discuss how best to restrict the sale of violent games to children. Some countries, such as Germany, believe the answer is to ban some games altogether. That is going too far. Criticism of games is merely the latest example of a tendency to demonise new and unfamiliar forms of entertainment. In 1816 waltzing was condemned as a fatal contagion that encouraged promiscuity; in 1910 films were denounced as an evil pure and simple, destructive of social interchange in the 1950s rock ’n’roll music was said to turn young people into devil worshippers and comic books were accused of turning children into drug addicts and criminals. In each case the pattern is the same: young people adopt a new form of entertainment, older people are spooked by its unfamiliarity and condemn it, but eventually the young grow up and the new medium becomes accepted-at which point another example appears and the cycle begins again. The opposition to video games is founded on the mistaken belief that most gamers are children. In fact, twothirds of gamers are over 18 and the average gamer is around 30. But the assumption that gamers are mostly children leads to a double standard. Violent films are permitted and the notion that some films are unsuitable for children is generally understood. Yet different rules are applied to games. Aren’t games different because they are interactive? It is true that video games can make people feel excited or aggressive, but so do many sports. There is no evidence that videogaming causes longterm aggression. Games ought to be agerated, just as films are, and retailers should not sell adultrated games to children any more than they should sell them adultrated films. Ratings schemes are already in place, and in some countries restrictions on the sale of adultrated games to minors have the force of law. Oddly enough, Hillary Clinton, one of the politicians who has led the criticism of the gaming industry in America, has recently come round to this view. Last month she emphasised the need for parents to pay more attention to game ratings and called on the industry, retailers and parents to work together. But this week some European politicians seemed to be moving in the other direction: the Netherlands may follow Germany, for example, in banning some games outright. Not all adults wish to play violent games, just as not all of them enjoy violent movies. But they should be free to do so if they wish. 二． Doughnut adjust your set HAVE you ever seen anything on television that made you shout or shake your fist in anger at the screen? Televisions are, of course, unable to respond to such reactions. But that could be
历年南京师范大学816公共管理学考研真题试卷和答案
历年南京师范大学816公共管理学考研真题试卷和答 案 一、考试解读： part 1 学院专业考试概况： ①学院专业分析：含学院基本概况、考研专业课科目:816公共管理学的考试情况； ②科目对应专业历年录取统计表：含南师大行政管理专业的历年录取人数与分数线情况； ③历年考研真题特点：含南师大考研专业课816公共管理学各部分的命题规律及出题风格。 part 2 历年题型分析及对应解题技巧： 根据南师大816公共管理学各专业考试科目的考试题型（名词解释题、选择题、问答题、论述题等），分析对应各类型题目的具体解题技巧，帮助考生提高针对性，提升答题效率，充分把握关键得分点。 part 3 近年真题分析：
最新真题是南师考研中最为珍贵的参考资料，针对最新一年的南师考研真题试卷展开深入剖析，帮助考生有的放矢，把握真题所考察的最新动向与考试侧重点，以便做好更具针对性的复习准备工作。 part 4 未来考试展望： 根据上述相关知识点及真题试卷的针对性分析，提高考生的备考与应试前瞻性，令考生心中有数，直抵南师大考研的核心要旨。 part 5 南师大考试大纲： ①复习教材罗列（官方指定或重点推荐+拓展书目）：不放过任何一个课内、课外知识点。 ②官方指定或重点教材的大纲解读：官方没有考试大纲，高分学长学姐为你详细梳理。 ③拓展书目说明及复习策略：专业课高分，需要的不仅是参透指定教材的基本功，还应加强课外延展与提升。 part 6 专业课高分备考策略： ①考研前期的准备； ②复习备考期间的准备与注意事项； ③考场注意事项。 part 7 章节考点分布表：
罗列南师大考研专业课816公共管理学的专业课试卷中，近年试卷考点分布的具体情况，方便考生知晓南师大考研专业课试卷的侧重点与知识点分布，有助于考生更具针对性地复习、强化，快准狠地把握高分阵地。 二、南师大历年真题与答案详解： 整理南师大该科目的2003-2018年考研真题，并配有2010-2018年真题答案详解，本部分包括了（解题思路、答案详解）两方面内容。首先对每一道真题的解答思路进行引导，分析真题的结构、考察方向、考察目的，向考生传授解答过程中宏观的思维方式；其次对真题的答案进行详细解答，方便考生检查自身的掌握情况及不足之处，并借此巩固记忆加深理解，培养应试技巧与解题能力。 2018年南京师范大学816公共管理学考研真题答案详解 2017年南京师范大学816公共管理学考研真题答案详解 2016年南京师范大学822公共管理学考研真题答案详解 2015年南京师范大学822公共管理学考研真题答案详解 2014年南京师范大学821公共管理学考研真题答案详解 2013年南京师范大学821公共管理学考研真题答案详解 2012年南京师范大学815公共管理学考研真题答案详解 2011年南京师范大学815公共管理学考研真题答案详解 2010年南京师范大学813公共管理学考研真题答案详解 ================================= 2018年南京师范大学816公共管理学考研真题试卷
2018南京师范大学各专业院系考研专业目录汇总
2018南京师范大学各专业院系考研专业目录汇总 2018考研已开始，为方便南京师范大学考研学子更好地复习，聚英考研网特意为大家分享南京师范大学各学院的专业考研真题、考研报录比等资料，希望更多考生能够在专业课上赢得高分，升入理想的院校。
部分专业专业目录： 文学院: 050101 文艺学: ①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语③610文学基础④801文艺学专业写作 050102 语言学及应用语言学: ①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语③611汉语综合④802语言学基础 050103 汉语言文字学: ①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语③611汉语综合④803语言学概论 050104 中国古典文献学: ①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语③611汉语综合④804中国古典文献学
050105 中国古代文学: ①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语③610文学基础④805中国古代文学史 050106 中国现当代文学: ①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语③610文学基础④806中国现当代文学史 050108 比较文学与世界文学: ①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语③610文学基础④807外国文学史(古代至19世纪末) 0501Z1 应用文体学: ①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语③610文学基础④808文体学基础和专业写作 130300 戏剧与影视学: 01方向: ①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语③612艺术概论④809中国古代戏曲史 02方向: ①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语③612艺术概论④810影视史论
2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及参考答案
2018考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及参考答案 Text 1 Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found. Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it. Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found. From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics. Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing. Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.” I can’t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is str uck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their?children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.” 1. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_____.? [A] trying out different lifestyles [B] having a family with children [C] working beyond retirement age [D] setting up a profitable business 答案：C 2. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to?____.
2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题解析
2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题解析（一） 一、从鸡蛋中培养流感疫菌 Modern technology has put men on the moon and deciphered the human genome. But when it comes to brewing up flu to make vaccines, science still turns to the incredible edible egg. Ever since the 1940s, vaccine makers have grown large batches of virus inside chicken eggs. But given that some 36,000 Americans die of flu each year, it’s remarkable that our first line of defense is still what Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson calls “the cumbersome and archaic egg-based production.”New cell-based technologies are in the pipeline, however, and may finally get the support they need now that the United States is faced with a critical shortage of flu vaccine. Although experts disagree on whether new ways of producing vaccine could have prevented a shortage like the one happening today, there is no doubt that the existing system has serious flaws. Each year, vaccine manufacturers place advance orders for millions of specially grown chicken eggs. Meanwhile, public-health officials monitor circulating strains of flu, and each March they recommend three strains—two influenza A strains and one B strain—for manufacturers to include in vaccines. In the late spring and summer, automated machines inject virus into eggs and later suck out the influenza-rich goop. Virus from the eggs’innards gets killed and processed to remove egg proteins and other contaminants before being packaged into vials for fall shipment. Why has this egg method persisted for six decades? The main reason is that it’s reliable. But even though the eggs are reliable, they have serious drawbacks. One is the long lead time needed to order the eggs. That means it’s hard to make more vaccine in a hurry, in case of a shortage or unexpected outbreak. And eggs may simply be too cumbersome to keep up with the hundreds of millions of doses required to handle the demand for flu vaccine. What’s more, some flu strains don’t grow well in eggs. Last year, scientists were unable to include the Fujian strain in the vaccine formulation. It was a relatively new strain, and manufacturers simply couldn’t find a quick way to adapt it so that it grew well in eggs. “We knew the strain was out there,”recalls Theodore Eickhoff of the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, “but public-health officials were left without a vaccine—and, consequently, a more severe flu season.” Worse, the viruses that pose the greatest threat might be hardest to grow in eggs. That’s because global pandemics like the one that killed over 50 million people between 1918 and 1920 are thought to occur when a bird influenza changes in a way that lets it cross the species barrier and infect humans. Since humans haven’t encountered the new virus before, they have little protective immunity. The deadly bird flu circulating in Asia in 1997 and 1998, for example, worried public-health officials because it spread to some people who handled birds and killed them—although the bug never circulated among humans. But when scientists tried to make