计算机网络安全 第一章 (英文)

Computer Security: Principles and Practice P i i l d P ti Chapter 1 ––Overview

Chapter 1

William Stallings and Lawrie

Brown

Lecture slides by Lawrie Brown L t lid b L i B

Please classify each of the following as a violation of (A) confidentiality, (B) integrity, (C) availability, or (D) non integrity, (C) availability, or (D) non--g y,()y,()repudiation:

(a)

A copies B’s homework. (b)

A crashes B’s operating system. (c)

A changes the amount on B’s check from 100 to 10001000. (d)

A forges B’s signature on a land acquisition contract

A i t th d i Bjt bli hi

(e) A registers the domain name https://www.360docs.net/doc/3d9497185.html,

and refuses to let the publishing house buy or use

the domain name the domain name.

Please classify each of the following as a violation of (A) confidentiality, (B) integrity, (C)

i l ti f(A)fid ti lit(B)i t it(C) availability, or (D) non--repudiation: availability, or (D) non

●(a) A copies B’s homework. [1 point] confidentiality

●(b) A crashes B’s operating system. [1 point]

availability

il bilit

●(c) A changes the amount on B’s check from 100 to

1000. [1 point] integrity

1000[1point]integrity

●(d) A forges B’s signature on a land acquisition

contract. [1 point] non--repudiation

non

contract. [1 point] non

contract[1point]non-

●(e) A registers the domain name https://www.360docs.net/doc/3d9497185.html,

and refuses to let the publishing house buy or use the and refuses to let the publishing house buy or use the

domain name. [1 point] availability

Overview

Computer Security

Threats attacks and assets

Threats , attacks and assets

Security functional requirements

A security architecture for open system Computer security strategy

Computer security strategy

Outline

p

The focus of this chapter is on three fundamental questions:

1.What assets do we need to protect?

2.How are those assets threatened?

2How are those assets

3.What can we do to counter those threats?

NIST NIST 成立于1901年，原名美国国家标准局（NBS ），月经美国总统批准改为1988年8月，经美国总统批准改为美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST ）。

NIST 4个研究所：国家计量研究所、国家工程研究所、下设个研究所：国家计量研究所、国家程研究所、材料科学和工程研究所、计算机科学技术研究所。所下设中心，中心下分组，组下设实验室。计算机科学技术研究所负责发展联邦信息处理标准参与 计算机科学技术研究所负责发展联邦信息处理标准，参与发展商用ADP 标准，开展关于自动数据处理、计算机及有关系统的研究工作。在制定联邦自动数据处理政策方面向白宫管理和预算办公室以及国会总审计局提供科学和技术咨询。在计算机科学和技术方面向政府其它机构提供咨询

和技术帮助为完成各项具体任务保持计算机科学和技和技术帮助。为完成各项具体任务，保持计算机科学和技术的能力，该所设有程序科学与技术和计算机两个中心。

Computer Security

Computer Security Computer Security:

protection afforded to an automated protection afforded to an automated information system in order to attain the applicable objectives of preserving the applicable objectives of preserving the

and availability

availability of

integrity, and confidentiality, integrity,

information system resources

information system resources.. information system resources

(includes hardware, software, firmware,

information/data, and telecommunications). information/data, and

Firmware&hardware

Firmware & hardware

Firmware is software that's embedded in hardware for the purpose of controlling the hardware for the purpose of controlling the

hardware.

A l f fi i th ft

An example of firmware is the software embedded in a microwave oven. Another

example could be the BIOS chip on a

co pute(a t oug t s ca be

computer (although this can be

overwritten).

Key Security Concepts

Key Security Concepts

CIA triad

CIA triad

The three concepts

embody the

fundamental security

objectives for both data

and

for information and

computing services

computing services

Confidentiality

b th d t fid ti lit d

covers both data confidentiality and privacy

●Preserving authorized restrictions on information

access and disclosure, including means for

,g

protecting personal privacy and proprietary

information.

● A loss of confidentiality is the unauthorized

disclosure of information.

disclosure of information