(完整)外研版八年级下册现在完成时
新外研版八年级下册英语语法-现在完成时
I Warm-up
选择题。
（）1. He often______his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing
B. washes
C. has washed
D. wash
（）2. Next month______twenty five.
A. has my sister
B. my sister will be
C. my sister shall have
（）3. We will start as soon as our teacher______ .
A. comes
B. will come
C. come
D. is coming
（）4. Last week John______his leg.
A. felt and broken
B. fell and broke
C. feels and breaks
D. fallen and broken
（）5. It______ hard when I left my house .
A. is raining
B. rains
C. was raining
D. will rain
II Grammar
现在完成时
（一）构成：
1.肯定句
主语（第一、二人称，第三人称复数）+have +过去分词+其他
主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词+其他
如：I have been to Beijing.
2.否定句
3.主语+ have/has +not +过去分词+其他
如：He hasn’t finished his homework yet.
4.一般疑问句Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他？
如：Has the letter arrived yet?
5.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？
如：Where have you been to ?
（二）用法：
1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just, already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。
例如：同步练习（1）
①I have _______________________that before. (我从来没有听说过那回事）
② Have you_____________________? （你曾经骑过马吗？）
③ She ________________________the math exercises.（他已经完成了数学作业）
④ I__________________________ book.. （我刚刚丢了历史书）
2. 现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）
一段时间的表达方法有两种:
for: + 一段时间for a year, for two weeks, for three years
过去的某一时刻：since nine hours ago, since last week, since 1990 since
一般过去时态的时间状语从句：since you came，since you got home
注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.
对划线部分提问都用How long
同步练习（2）用since 和for填空
1. I have had this car a year.
2. The shop has been closed last week.
3. —How long have you studied Chinese?
two years ago.
4. We haven’t seen each other she went back to her country.
重难点★h a v e b e e n(t o)和h a v e g o n e(t o)的区别：
★have / has been (to) 表示“曾经到过某地
．．．．．．”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。
★have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去某地了
．．．．．．”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。
试比较：
He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。（人已回来，可能在说话人的地方）He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去北京了。（人去了，不在说话人的地方）
Exercises I:
用gone或been填空。
1.I am sorry I'm late, everyone. I've_ _ ___ to the dentist's.
2.There's nobody at home. I think they've ____ _______ away for the weekend.
3.You look very brown. Where have you __ _________ on holiday?
4.Simon isn't here at the moment. He's __ _________ _to a football match.
5.—Have you ever_ __________ _to Scotland?
—Yes, I've _____ ___________ there quite a few times.
一般过去时与现在完成时之比较：
1）一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，与现在无关；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago，just now）连用.
⑴be 结构：肯定式：主语＋was \were ＋ 其他
否定式：主语＋was \were ＋not ＋ 其他
一般疑问句：Was \Were ＋主语＋ 其他
⑵V 结构：肯定式：主语＋v.过去式＋其他
否定式：主语＋didn’t ＋v.原形＋其他
一般疑问句:Did ＋主语＋v.原形＋其他
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语
连用，或无时间状语。
◎ 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week ，…ago, in1980, , just now, this
morning 等具体的时间状语。
◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, ever, never, just, already, yet, in past years
等不确定的时间状语。
请大家认真分析、比较下列各例句：
I saw this film yesterday.（只说明动作发生在过去。）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
She has returned from Paris.（她已从巴黎回来了。）
She returned yesterday.（她是昨天回来的。）
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined 为短暂行为。)
注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，
不能使用
现在完成时，要用一般过去时。例如：
Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （Ⅹ）
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. （√）
判断： When did you lose it? ( ) When have you lost it? ( )
Exercises II :
用括号内单词的现在完成时或一般过去时形式完成句子
1. My friend is a writer. He (write) many books.
2. We (not/have) a holiday last year.
3. I (play) table tennis yesterday afternoon.
4. What time (you/go) to bed last night?
5. (you/ever/meet) a famous person?
6. The weather (not/ be ) very good yesterday.
7. My hair is wet. I (just/wash) it.
8. I (wash) my hair before breakfast this morning.
9. Kathy travels a lot. She (visit) many countries.
10.— Is Sonia here?
— No, she (not/ come) yet.
Mary has watered the flowers just now. ( ) Mary watered the flowers just now. ( ) Mary has just watered the flowers . ( )
（三）现在完成时与瞬间动作：
瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：
1.）用ago,使用一般过去时。He left here three years ago.
2.）用“It is +一段时间+ since +一般过去时从句”
It is three years since he left here.
3.）用“ 一段时间＋have/ has passed + since + 一般过去时从句”
Three years have passed since he left here.
以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。
另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。
1.直接转化成延续性动词
buy → have catch (get) a cold → have a cold
borrow → keep become → be
2.转换成be+名词
join the army be a soldier
join the Party be a Party member / be a member of the Party
go to school be a student
3转换成be+形容词或副词
die → be dead finish → be over begin → be on leave → b e away
fall sleep → be asleep close → be closed open → be open come → be here go → be there marry → be married
4.转换成be+介词短语
go to school → be in school join the army →be in the army
一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句
①.我们买这本书三年了.
We have had the book for three years. / We bought the book three years ago.
②他感冒三天了.
He has had a cold for three days. / He caught a cold three days ago.
③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
I borrowed the book last week. / I have kept the book since last week.
④我成为一个学生两年多了.
I have been a student for over two years. / I became a student two years ago.
⑤ Mr Black死了三年了。
Mr Black has been dead for three years. / Mr Black died three years ago.
⑥小明参军半年了。
Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year. / Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.
Exercises III:
完成句子：按照下列各题的汉语意思用英语按成句子，把答案写在横线上，词数
不限。
1.她离开北京三个月了。
She Beijing for three months.
2.电影开始半小时了。
The film for half an hour.
3.从四岁时我们已相互认识了。
We have known each other . 4.自从他回来，我和他相处得很好。
since he came back.
5.你教他们英语多长时间？
How long ?
III Exercises
考点一：考查基本概念
Both his parents look sad .Maybe they______ what's happened to him .
Ａ.knew Ｂ.have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
考点二：考查时间状语
1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ.already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
2. Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ.just Ｂ.ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago
3. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ.is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
4.—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______.
Ａ.has changed ;well Ｂ.changed ;good Ｃ.has changed; better Ｄ.changed; better
5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ.was; studying Ｂ.will; study Ｃ.has ;studied Ｄ. are; studying 6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
Ａ.know Ｂ.had known Ｃ.have known Ｄ. knew
7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ______it twice .
Ａ.will see Ｂ.have seen Ｃ.saw Ｄ. see
考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别
1.—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ.will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ.do they go Ｄ.have they gone 2.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ.Did; do; finished Ｂ.Have; done; finished Ｃ.Have; done ;have finished Ｄ.will; do ;finish
考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法
1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ.joined Ｂ.has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ.has been in
2.—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________friends since ten years ago .
Ａ.were Ｂ.have been Ｃ.have becomeＤ. have made
3.—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
Ａ.been Ｂ.gone Ｃ.come Ｄ.arrived
4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ.has begun Ｂ.had begun Ｃ.has been on Ｄ.began
5 It _____ten years since he left the army .
Ａ.is Ｂ.has Ｃ.will Ｄ. was
6. His uncle died two years ago.（改变句子,句意不变）
His uncle _______ _______ _____________ for two years
7. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______the Party three years ________ .
考点五:考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别
1.Miss Green isn't in the office .she______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ.went Ｃ.will go Ｄ.has been
2.My parents ______Shandong for ten years .
Ａ.have been in Ｂ.have been to Ｃ.have gone to Ｄ.have been