英语中的动词(基础篇)

英语中的动词(基础篇)
英语中的动词(基础篇)

英语中的动词(基础篇)

1)限定动词和非限定动词。

限定动词在句中作谓语,有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式,动名词和分词三种。在句中不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。

2)实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词。

实义动词有完整的词义,并能单独作谓语,实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。例如:

study 学习, reach 到达, see 看见, rise 升起。

连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。连系动词有be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feel, appear, remain, turn。

情态动词表示能力,义务,必要,猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词有can, will, have, be, should, do, would, 等。

助动词只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态,语态和语气等动词形式。

do, shall, will, have, has.

动词的基本形式

英语动词有四种基本形式:动词原形,过去式,过去分词和现在分词。这四种动词形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态,语态和语气。

动词的原形。就是词典中所给的形式。例如:be, have, buy, sit.

动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种形式。规则动词的过去式和过去分词,由在原形动词的后面加词尾-ed 构成。

work - worked - worked

不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的,须要一一记忆。

go - went - gone do - did - done

动词的现在分词由动词原形加-ing 构成。构成方法如下:

1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ing 。

go---going stand---standing

2)以不发音的e 结尾的动词,去掉e ,再加-ing. 动词是闭音节的单音节词,或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词,而末尾只有一辅音字母时,这个辅音字母须双写,然后再加ing。

arrive- arriving get- getting

3)少数几个以-ie 结尾的动词,须将ie 变成y ,再加ing.例如:die--dying lie--lying。

动词的时态

英语动词的时态是一种动词的形式。不同的动词时态用以表示不同的时间和方式。共有十六种时态。

一般现在时:

一般现在时表示经常发生的习惯性的动作或目前所处的状态。

we go to school every day.

我们每天去学校。

the students study very hard.

学生们学习很努力。

she has a dictionary.

她有一本词典。

在一般现在时句中,如果主语是第三人称时,动词要进行变化,变化规则如下:

1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s. 例如:

works gets says reads

2) 以ch,sh,s,x 或o 结尾的动词,在后面加-es。例如:

goes teaches washes

3) 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把y变为i 再加-es. 例如:

studies tries carries

动词have 遇有主语是第三人称单数时,have 改为has。例如:

he has an interesting book.

他有一本有趣的书。

our classroom has two doors.

我们的教室有两个门。

动词be 遇有主语是第一人称单数时,be 改为am 遇有主语是第二人称时,be 改为are, 遇有主语是第三人称单数时,be 改为

is.

i'm a student and he is a student, too.

我是一个学生,他也是一个学生。

we are all students.

我们都是学生。

一般现在时的具体用法:

1) 表示现在,目前存在的状态,性质或经常发生的动作或习惯。一般现在时常用下列副词或短语来作时间状语:

often, usually, always, sometimes , seldom, every day(week, year, night), twice a month

i often visit my teachers.

我经常看望我的老师。

they do morning exercises every day.

他们每天做早操。

2) 某些动词如come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue,start 等,在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。

the train comes at 3 o'clock.

火车三点钟到。

tomorrow is sunday.

明天是星期天。

3) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时。

i'll help you as soon as you have problem.

只要你有困难我就会帮助你。

tell xiao li about it if you meet him.

如果你碰见小李,告诉他这件事情。

4) 一般现在时还可用在戏剧,电影的剧本解说,体育比赛的解说以及图片的说明等场合。

tom carries the ball to the left.

汤姆把球带到左方。

the picture shows us how they built the

motorway last year.

这张照片给我们展示了他们去年如何建设高速公路。

一般过去式表示过去的动作和状态。

i met him yesterday. 昨天我碰见了他。

一般过去式构成:表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下:

一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed 。

worked played wanted acted

以不发音的-e 结尾动词,动词词尾加-d。

lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped

以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed。

studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied

以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed。

stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned

dotted dripped

不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。

go - went make - made get - got

buy - bought come - came fly-flew

一般过去式的用法:

1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。

i worked in that factory last year.

去年我在那一家工厂工作。

i went to the tian long mountain yesterday.

昨天我们去了天龙山。

一般将来时表示将来的动作或装态。

一般将来时的构成:shall (will) + 动词原形. 助动词shall用于主语是第一人称时,will 用于主语是第三人称时。

i shall attend the meeting tomorrow.

我明天要参加会议。

the workers will build a school here next year.

工人们明年将在这儿盖一所学校。

一般将来时的否定形式是在shall 或will 后面加not 构成,即:shall not + 动词原形。will not + 动词原形。shall not和will not可以分别缩写为shan't 和won't.

i shall not go to the yingze park next time.

下一次我不去迎泽公园了。

he won't come back this week.

这一周他不回来了。

will用在第一人称时,表示将来的意愿,决心,许诺,命令等。

i will do my best to catch up with them.

我要尽力赶上他们。

其他表示将来的句型:

(1)be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型,表示打算,计划,最近或将来要作的某事。

i am going to beijing next week.

下周我要去北京。

(2)be + 动词不定式。表示有职责,义务,可能,约定,意图等。

there is to be a meeting this afternoon.

今天下午有个会。

we are to meet the guests at the station.

我们要去车站接人。

(3)be about + 动词不定式,表示马上,很快作某事。

they are about to leave.

他们就要离开。

一般完成时一般完成时表示动作发生在过去,但与现在有关系,说明这个动作在现在的结果,例如:

i have been here for two hours.

我来这儿已有两个小时了。

she has not said anything about it.

她对这件事情什么也没有说。

一般完成时的构成have (has) + 过去分词,has 用于主语是单数第三人称,其它用have。

i have worked for ten hours today.

今天我工作了十个小时。

he has found his pen.

他找到了他的钢笔了。

过去分词的构成方法如下:

一般情况下,直接在动词原形后面加-ed。

worked spelled linked

answered obeyed wanted

以不发音的-e 结尾的动词只加-d。

moved hoped divided

闭音节的单音节词,或以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词,这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。

stopped regretted dropped

一般完成时的用法:

1) 一般完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。

he has gone away.

他已经走了。

i have bought a ten-speed bicycle.

我买了一辆十速自行车。

they have cleaned the classroom.

他们打扫了教室。

2) 一般完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在,或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。一般完成时常与for 和since 引导的短语或从句连用。

we have lived here since 1976.

从一九七六以来,我们就住在这儿。

they have waited for more than two hours.

他们等了两个多小时。

一般进行时:

一般进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。

we are working now.

我们正在工作。

一般进行时的构成:be + 现在分词。

it's raining hard. 雨下的很大。

are you studying now? 你在学习吗?

they are watching tv. 他们在看电视。

现在分词的构成方法如下:

一般情况下,直接在动词原形后面加-ing.

going asking finding working being seeing printing raining standing studying speaking spelling

以不发音的-e 结尾的动词,去-e ,再加-ing。

coming taking firing encircling writing becoming breathing leaving

闭音节的单音节词,或以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词,这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing.

sitting running getting cutting stopping beginning planning permitting

一般进行时的用法:

1) 一般进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作,它注重现在正在进行的动作,而不管动作从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束。

what are you doing now?

你在干什么呢?

i am looking for my key.

我在找我的钥匙。

the workers are building a big library.

工人们正在建一座大型图书馆。

2) 一般进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作,也许此时此刻这个动作并没有进行。

the students are preparing for the examination.

学生们正在作考试准备。

3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有arrive, come, leave, start等。

they are going to hong kong tomorrow.

他们明天要去香港。

i am coming. 我就来。

过去完成时:

过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态,过去完成时常和by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连

用。

过去完成时的构成:had + 过去分词

we had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.

到去年年底我们已经学了2000个单词。

when we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.

我们到达车站的时候,他们已经等了二十多分钟。

将来完成时:

将来完成时表示将来某一时刻或某一时刻之前完成的动作或所处的状态。

将来完成时的构成:

shall (will) + have + 过去分词

初中英语动词用法(全)

初中英语动词用法 A act v. 表演,演戏 act as sb./ sth. 充任某角色,担任某工作 I don’t understand English, so you have to act as my interpreter(翻译)。 其他用法:act for 代表某人,代理某人的职位 During her illness, her lawyer has been acting for her in her business. 在她生病期间,她的律师一直代理她的业务。 add v. (1)加,增加,添加 add sth. to sth. 往...里添加... eg. If the tea is too strong, add some water to it. eg. He added his signature to the petition(请愿书)。 add A and B (together) 加eg. If you add 5 and 5, you get 10. add to sth. 增加某事物eg. The bad weather only add to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难。 (2) 补充;继续说eg. “I’ll come here later.’’ he added. add in 包括...在内eg. Don’t forget add me in. 别忘了把我算上。 add up 合计,加起来 add up to 总计达到 add fuel to the fire 火上浇油 afford v. 负担得起(...的费用,损失,后果),买得起;抽得出时间 (常与can, could, be able to 连用) afford sth. eg. I’d love to go on holiday but I can’t afford the time. eg. They walked because the can’t afford a taxi. afford to do sth. eg. They walked because they can’t afford to take a taxi. eg. I have to work hard because I can’t afford to loose my job. agree v. 同意,赞同 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见eg. I agree with you. agree on + 表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动的词eg. We agreed on the plan. agree to do sth. 同意做某事eg. We agreed to start early. agree that + 宾语从句eg. She agreed that I was right. 其他用法:agree with sb. (尤用于否定或疑问句) (对某人的健康或胃口)适合 I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don’t agree with me. 我喜欢吃蘑菇,可惜吃了以后难受。 The humid climate in the south didn’t agree with him. 他不适应南方潮湿的气候。 aim v. 瞄准,对准aim at 瞄准,针对 aim at the target 瞄准目标/ 靶子;aim at a success 志在成功 eg. My remarks were not aim at you. 我的话不是针对你。 allow v. 允许,准许 allow doing sth. eg. We don’t allow smoking in our house. 在我们家不允许抽烟。 allow sb. to do sth. eg. They allow her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加晚会。 allow sb. in/ out/ up 允许某人进来/ 出去/ 起来 annoy v. 使恼怒,使生气 annoy sb. 使某人生气,使某人心烦eg. I was annoyed by his remarks. 他的言论激怒了我。

(完整版)英语常用动词搭配

高中英语常用动词搭配五十组 1. agree agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 agree on sth. 就…达成一致agree to sth. 同意 ask sb. for sth. 向某人请求得到2. ask …ask for sth. 请求 ask for leave 请假ask sb. for help 向某人求助 ask for trouble 自找麻烦s 向某人请一天假 a ask sb. for day'leave break out 爆发,突然发生出毛病,不运转break down 3. break break into 闯入break in 插嘴,打断说话 break off 打断break away from 脱离,打破 break up with 与…断绝关系break up 打碎 break the law 犯法break through 突破,冲跨 bring back 带回,想起bring about 导致4. bring bring forward 提出bring down 降低,减少,使 倒下bring in bring up 抚养引来,引进 bring out 取出,显示bring to 使苏醒bring sth to an end 使…结束bring sth. into being 使产生请求,要求,为…而call on/ upon call for 号召,拜访5. call 喊出,接,叫某人call up call out 召唤,召集,想起,打电话召集,大声叫 call off 取消进来叫call sb in …carry on carry out 进行,开展,执行继续,开展6. carry carry away 运回,拿回carry back 运走,冲走 catch the cold 着凉,伤风catch up 很快拾起,跟上,赶上7. catch catch on 抓住,理解试图抓住catch at 赶上,超过catch up with come back come about 回来,想起来8. come 发生,实现,产生come from 落下来出生于,来自come down come on come in 跟我来,加油进入,进来come along 快点,来吧出来,出版come out come up 走过来,走近,发芽,从土中来到,达到,结果是come to 长出 come after come across 偶然遇到跟着,跟随 come by come over 走过,经过过来,胜过 drive sb mad drive off 使某人发狂9. drive 赶走drive out 开出,消除,驱逐赶回,开回drive back 努力drive at 猛击,朝搭出租车drive in a taxi …驱散送回家…把drive sb home 驱车离开,

动名词的用法英语语法大全

1 动名词的用法 动名词可以起名词的作用,在句子中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。动名词仍保留动词的 一般特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语,构成动名词短语。动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。 (一)做主语和表语。动名词短语用and连起来做主语时,谓语用复数形式。例如:Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼。 Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things. 出国访问和在国外定居是两件不同的事情。 It seems that reading English is easier than speaking it.似乎读英语比说英语容易。 My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps . 我最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼/集邮。 在It’s no use; It’s (no) good; It’s useless ; It’s (not) wise; It’s (not) worthwhile; It’s of great (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中,It为形式主语,而将做主语的动名词短语 放在后面。例如: It’s no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。 Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents? 为两分钱讲价两小时值得吗? It’s wise trying again. 再试一次是明智的。 It is of great importance fighting against pollution. 制止污染有重要意义。 It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early. 给这个病人做手术已经没用了。本应该早些把他送来。 It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.吸烟没好处,你最好戒掉。 (二)动名词短语作宾语。常用的能接动名词的动词有:admit承认,appreciate 感激,avoid 避免,advise 建议,can’t help 不禁,celebrate 庆祝,consider 考虑,complete 完成,contemplate沉思、打算,defer推迟,delay 延期,deny 否认,detest 痛恨,discontinue 停止,dislike不喜欢,dispute不同意,endure 忍耐,enjoy 喜欢,escape逃脱,excuse 原谅,fancy想象,feel like 想要,finish结束,严禁,forgive 原谅,hinder 阻碍,imagine 想象,keep 保持,mention 提到,mind 在意,miss 错过,pardon 饶恕、原谅,permit 允许,postpone 推迟,practise 实践、练习,prevent 阻止,recall 回忆,report报告,resent 怨恨,resist抵制、阻止,risk冒险,stop 停止,suggest 建议,understand 明白、理解,等等。 例如: He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。 David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt. 戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车 抵债。 (我们把这句话改为虚拟语气:David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. ) I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。

【英语】英语动词用法总结(完整)

【英语】英语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择动词 1.It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly___my friend. A.turn out B.bring out C.call out D.pick out 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:电影院里太黑了,我几乎不能认出我的朋友。pick out 意为“认出,选出”。根据所提供的情景“It was so dark in the cinema”可判断出由于电影院里很黑,很难认出朋友。turn out意为“发生,结果是”;bring out意为“使显示,出版,生产,说出”;call out意为“出动,唤起,大声叫唤”。故选D。 2.Jess was sad and her friend helped her ___ the first awful weeks after her husband Bill died. A.break through B.break down C.get through D.get rid of 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:考查词组:A. break through突破,B. break down崩溃,垮掉,抛锚,C. get through 接通,度过,完成,D. get rid of克服,句意:在丈夫Bill去世后,Jess很难过,她的朋友帮助她度过前几个难过的星期。选C。 考点:考查词组 3.Your own personal behavior as a teacher, outside school hours, _______ on the school itself. A.resembles B.reminds C.reflects D.remains 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一名教师,你在课外的个人行为会给学校带来不良影响。 A. resembles 相似 B. reminds提醒 C. reflects反应 D. remains保持。reflect on导致,招致,根据句意可知,选C。 4.He had been struggling for many years and finally ________ his fantasies. A.lived up B.lived on C.lived through D.lived out 【答案】D 【解析】

英语动词用法总结(完整)

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英语动词用法大全

连系动词可具体分为三类: 1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要特别予以注意。例如: He is a teacher.(他是个教师。) He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。) We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。) 2、表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),feel (觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等,例如: She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。) I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。) Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。) The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。) The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)The mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)3、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”,例如:

She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。) He feels sick. His face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。) The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.(春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些了。) He grew old.(他老了。) [难点解释] 注意区别以下一些动词的用法,它们既可以作为行为动词,又可以作为连系动词。 1、look看;看起来 He is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词 It looks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词 2、fell摸;感觉 1)I felt someone touch my arm.(我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词 Are you felling better today than before?(你今天比以前感到好些了吗?)连系动词 3、smell嗅;闻起来

常用英语动词与介词搭配

常用动词与介词搭配 1.动词+against brush against 触到,擦及 declare against 表态 fight against 反对,与……做斗争 guard against 提防 hit against 碰撞 inform against /on 告发,检举 insure against 给……保险 lean against 倚,靠,依靠 protect against 抗议 rail against /at 咒骂,严厉责备,抱怨 react against 反对,反其道而行 side against 反对 vote against 投票反对 2.动词+at aim at 志在,旨在;瞄准,针对 be amazed at 对……大为惊奇 be annoyed at 因……而恼怒 arrive at 到达;得出(结论);做出(决定) be astonished at 对……感到惊讶 bark at 对……吠 call at 访问(某地);(车、船等)停靠(某地)direct at 把……对准,针对 drive at意指 exclaim at对……表示惊奇 fire at向……射击 frown at 对……表示不满 be frustrated at 因……而沮丧(或灰心) gaze at 凝视,注视 get at 到达,接近(以取得某物) glance at 瞥见,匆匆地一看 glare at 怒目而视 grab at 抓住,夺得 knock at 敲(门) laugh at 嘲笑,取笑;因……而发笑 look at 看,察看;考虑 peer at 仔细看,费力地看 point at 指向…… run at 冲向,扑向 shoot at 向……射击 shout at 对……叫嚷,对……吼叫 smile at 对……微笑

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