(英语)高一英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧含解析

（英语）高一英语阅读理解试题类型及其解题技巧含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

It could have been any of us, but it happened to be me. I received a brief 18-months of undivided attention and love as the only child, before three more appeared. The second was a severe blow. No doubt, learning the need to share was important, but I had tasted the life of an only child.

Then came years of requests to look after the siblings（兄弟姐妹）, being urged that, You should be setting a better example, “Again and again the others got away with doing w rong but I didn't. We each played our roles; the second one who later skipped school to meet boys; the ever so attractive third, the boy who could do no wrong; and finally the surprise appearance of the fourth, seemed certain to be spoiled even now. So that left me: the reasonable, quiet one who got the grades, did the housework and became a chameleon（变色龙）—skilled at reading a situation and being what was needed.

Then eventually came the chance to be the first to leave and experience life on the outside, not defined（定义）as the eldest. The moment I had waited for. But now, many years later, being the eldest matters again. It's down to me; it seems, to take the lead in caring for our parents, AH the time I was made to learn about sharing; however, when it comes to responsibility, it no longer seems to apply. The others are too busy, too far away, or too unconcerned. So dutifully I travel many times across the country for hours to provide care and support. Requests to my siblings to help out more fall on deaf ears. To me, the dutiful first born, it feels like the right and only thing to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us. Sadly, that feeling isn't shared by the second, third or fourth.

（1）How does the author comment on the four children in the second paragraph?

A. Angrily and Bitterly.

B. Angrily and proudly.

C. Bitterly and humorously.

D. Humorously and proudly.

（2）How did the author develop his social skills?

A. Through hard work.

B. With the parents' help.

C. At the parents' request.

D. In practice for effectiveness.

（3）What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to?

A. To care for the old.

B. To help the young.

C. To live outside alone.

D. To travel nationwide.

（4）What can we learn from the text?

A. The writer hates to be the eldest.

B. The writer feels proud of his role.

C. The writer is satisfied with his attempt.

D. The writer is regretful about the siblings.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者作为家中四个孩子中的老大，从小被要求照顾

小的，给兄妹树立好的榜样。父母老了，第一个关心照顾父母，认为照顾父母是自己的责任，但是其他的兄妹却只一味地推脱照顾老人的责任，这让作者深感遗憾。

（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述，作者的三兄弟姐妹相继出生后自己要为他们树立好的榜样，其他的人犯错不被处罚而我不能，描述老二用“逃学见男友skipped school to meet boys “，老三”迷人attractive “的男孩，老四的出生是个”suprise“，而且一直被宠坏spoiled了。这一切的一切让我成为一个明白道理的、安静的成绩好的，做家务的，擅长做一切的人。由此可推断出作者所用语言有点苦涩但风趣。分析选项可知C项符合题，故答案选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Then came years of requests to look after the siblings （兄弟姐妹）, being urged that, You should be setting a better example,” 接下来是多年来被要求照顾兄弟姐妹，被敦促树立一个好的榜样。根据常识这一切该是孩子的父母要求大的孩子照顾小的，要求大的给小的做榜样。故答案选C。

（3）猜测词义题。分析To me, the dutiful first born, it feels like the right and only thing to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us.本句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to do; to be there for our parents as they were for us.，即对我来说，第一个出生的一直尽职本份的我，因为父母曾养育了我们，我们要照顾他们，这是正确的唯一要做的事。由此可知“it'指的是照顾老人。故答案选A。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者对父母尽心尽力地照顾，而其他的兄弟姐妹却置之不理，推脱责任，他们认为这只是我应该做的事。作者认为非常遗憾，他们三兄妹不应该有这种感觉。由此可推断出作者对于其他的兄妹深表遗憾。故答案选D。

【点评】英语阅读理解细节题具体方法与步骤：

①排除干扰项，突出主题。事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断，可先排除干扰项。

② 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。

③ 快速通篇跳读，自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。

④注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。

2．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

The recession (衰退) of 2008-09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity, the following recovery for its weakness. The labour market has also broken the rules, as new research from the OECD, a think-tank of mainly rich countries, shows in its annual Employment Outlook.

Young people always suffer in recessions. Employers stop hiring them; and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss. But in previous episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups.

The researchers focus on movements in "non-employment" as a share of the total population

in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment, where people are looking for work, but also inactivity, where people are not seeking jobs. Whereas the average non-employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one-and-a-half points among 25-to 54-year-olds, it has fallen by two points among the 55-64 age group.

Why have older employees done so well? In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers, but that did not really help them in past recessions. What has changed, says Stefano Scarpetta, head of the OECD's employment directorate, is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff. In the past, early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped. Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded. First, it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another; there is no fixed amount of work. And second, as the report shows, young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation: younger people are keen on IT firms, for example, whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries. There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless, but kicking older workers out of the workplace is not one of them.

（1）By saying "The labour market has also broken the rules", the author means ______.

A. young employees were protected by the government

B. young employees suffered moderately in labour market

C. old employees suffered very little in the labour market

D. The recession had little impact on labour market

（2）What do we know about "early-retirement policies" mentioned in the 4thparagraph?

A. They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect.

B. They have effectively helped young employees.

C. They financially supported the elderly people.

D. They have gain popularity in southern European countries.

（3）The word "fallacy" (in the last paragraph) probably means "______".

A. common belief

B. wrong concept

C. acceptable assumption

D. wise statement （4）Which of the following might the author agree with?

A. Early-retirement policies should have been well adoptedby governments.

B. Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries.

C. Supportive policies should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs.

D. Old people's remaining in jobs doesn't necessarily threaten young people's jobs.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究显示2008年金融危机期间以及此后，老员工的表现都优于其他年龄段的人，很多人会认为，老员工做得更好是以牺牲年轻员工为

代价的，事实上这种观点是错误的。

（1）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的"But in previous episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups."可知，在上世纪70年代、80年代和90年代的经济衰退中，老员工也被解雇了，但这次不一样了，2008年金融危机期间以及此后，他们的表现都优于其他年龄段的人，可知，作者所说的"劳动力市场也违反了规则"的意思是老员工在劳动力市场上受的影响很小（没有被解雇），故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"In the past, early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped"可知，过去，政府的提前退休政策（错误地认为这些政策有助于年轻人）使得把老员工赶出家门的成本更低，现在这些政策已经基本上停止了，由此可知，事实证明，提前退休政策的用处不大，而且几乎不再有效了，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的"Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded."可知，很多人会认为，老员工做得更好是以牺牲年轻员工为代价的。这种观点是错误的，此处解释为什么这种观点是错误的，说的是认为一个人得到的工作就是另一个人失去的工作本身就是一种谬论，由此可知画线词词义为"错误的观念"，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation"可知，在工作场所，年轻人和老年人基本上不是替换关系，他们在不同的行业做不同的工作，由此可知，作者会同意老年人留在工作岗位上不一定会威胁到年轻人的工作，故选D。

【点评本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和句义猜测四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Buck did not know that there was trouble ahead, Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California. Some men had found a yellow metal in the Arctic darkness, and thousands of other men were rushing there. These men wanted dogs that were heavy, with strong muscles for working hard and furry coats to protect them from the cold.

Buck lived at a big house in a sunny valley in California which was owned by Judge Miller. He was neither a house dog nor a kennel (狗窝) dog. The whole of Judge Miller's land was his. Buck was king—king over all the crawling, flying things of Judge Miller's lands, humans included.

His father, Elmo, had been the Judge's inseparable companion. And when he died, Buck took his father's place. He was not so large—he weighed only sixty kilogram—for his mother, Shep, had been a Scottish sheepdog. Hunting and other outdoor activities had hardened his muscle, and swimming had made him healthy.

This was Buck in the autumn of 1897, when the discovery of gold in the Klondike brought Men from everywhere to the frozen north. But Buck did not read the newspapers. And he did not know that Manuel one of the gardeners helper, was not a good man. Manuel gambled (赌博) and wasted the little money he had. No one saw him and Buck go off on what Buck thought was a walk. No one saw them arrive at the railway station where Manuel sold Buck to a man who was waiting for him.

After two days ho was cried off the train in Seattle into a small, high-walled yard. There a fat man in a red sweater broke open the cage with a small axe (斧头)，while holding a club (棍棒) in the other hand. When there was a big enough opening, Buck jumped out like a red-eyed devil, straight at the fat man. But in mid-air, just as his teeth were going to close on the man, he received a shock that he had never felt before. It turned him over and onto the ground. He had never been struck by a club in his life, and he did not understand. He was smashed down a dozen times.

Buck saw that he stood no chance against the man with the club. He had learned the lesson, and for the rest of his life he never forgot it. It was his introduction into the world of primitive law. In the end a small man called Perrault paid three hundred dollars for him, and he was led away with Curly, a good-natured Newfoundland dog.

（1）What kind of dogs did the gold-seekers want?

A.Heavy house dogs with yellow hair.

B.Strong long-haired dogs.

C.Diligent dogs with yellow hair

D.Muscular kennel dogs.

（2）Buck was proud of himself for the following reasons, EXCEPT that ______.

A.he was king over all living things of Judge Miller's lands

B.he became the Judge's inseparable companion after his father's death

C.he had a good life with many outdoor activities to get strong and healthy

D.he was wanted by gold-seekers thanks to his strong muscles and long hair

（3）Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.Judge Miller owned a big house and a large piece of land in the Klondike.

B.Manuel bought and sold Buck because he needed money to support his life.

C.The fat man cruelly beat Buck with a club to teach him how to fight back.

D.Buck's introduction into the word of primitive law was obeying the fat man.

（4）What can be the suitable title for the excerpt?

A.Fall into Trouble

B.Fight against a Man

C.Escape from Trouble

D.Believe in a Man

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只名为巴克的狗的遭遇。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California. These men wanted dogs that were heavy, with strong muscles for working hard and furry coats to protect them from the cold.”可知，从西雅图到南加州，每一条长着结实的肌肉和温暖的长毛的狗都会在劫难逃。这些寻金人需要的是，高大强壮，有强壮的肌肉，能吃苦耐劳且皮毛可以帮助他们抵御寒冷的狗。所以淘金者需要的是强壮的长毛狗。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Buck was king—king over all the crawling, flying things of Judge Miller's lands, humans included.”可知，巴克是国王——统治着Judge Miller领地上所有爬行、飞行的东西，包括人类。所以A选项是巴克自豪的原因；第三段中的“His father, Elmo, had been the Judge's inseparable companion. And when he died, Buck took his father's place. Hunting and other outdoor activities had hardened his muscle, and swimming had made him healthy.”他的父亲艾尔莫一直是Judge Miller形影不离的伙伴。他死后，巴克接替了他父亲的位置。打猎和其他户外活动锻炼了他的肌肉，游泳使他身体健康。所以B,C两项是巴克自豪的原因。故D项不是巴克自豪的原因。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“But in mid-air, just as his teeth were going to close on the man, he received a shock that he had never felt before, It turned him over and onto the ground. He had never been struck by a club in his life, and he did not understand. He was smashed down a dozen times.”可知，就在它的牙齿要碰到他的皮肤时，那人用棒子给了它一下，这还是有人头一次用棒子打他，他不知所措。它被打倒在地。它被木棒打了10几次；以及倒数第四段中的“Buck saw that he stood no chance against the man with the club.”可知，巴克看到，它再也站不起来对抗他的木棒。所以巴克被打，无力反抗只能屈服于这个胖人。由此判断出，巴克的丛林法则就是屈服于这个胖人。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Buck did not know that there was trouble ahead, Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California.”可知，巴克不知道前面会遇到麻烦，从西雅图到南加州，每一条长着结实的肌肉和温暖的长毛的狗都会在劫难逃以及下文对于巴克的具体遭遇可知，短文最佳的标题为“陷入麻烦”。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

When you go to the doctor, you like to come away with a prescription．It makes you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo.

A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or ail empty capsule. Even though they have no medicine in them, these things seem to make people well. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen?

The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal

itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it. But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better.

Placebos do not always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has a lot of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all.

A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they will also show a bad reaction to the placebo. This would seem to show that a lot of how you react to medicine is in your mind rather than in your body. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about it. The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo．

（1）What do we know about placebo according to the passage?

A. It contains some sort of medicine.

B. It won't function if you are negative about medicine.

C. People who don't believe placebo can't be healed by it.

D. Patients and doctors know clearly how it helps to heal the body.

（2）Why is the doctor sometimes the most powerful placebo?

A. The patient needs help badly．

B. The patient believes in the doctor．

C. The doctor knows better about your body．

D. The doctor has carefully studied medicine．

（3）What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A. The placebo.

B. The bad effect.

C. The body.

D. The medicine.（4）What is the passage mainly about?

A. Placebo：Work on Your Mind

B. Placebo：The Most Powerful Medicine

C. Placebo：The Best Doctor

D. Placebo：Heal Your Body

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，安慰病人的心理使病人的情绪得到舒缓，从而有利于病情的痊愈。

(1)考查细节理解。纵观全文可知，一些医生仍然认为，如果安慰剂有坏的影响，它应该永远不会被使用，他们认为对安慰剂仍然没有足够的了解。所以此处的it是指的安慰剂。故选A。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“A placebo is a sugar pill，a harmless shot，or ail empty capsule．”可知安慰剂不会起到医学上的作用。故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据文章的描述有时候病人是不需要使用药物的，医生给病人开出安慰剂，病人觉得安慰剂有很大的作用是因为他们很相信医生。故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文讲述的是有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，这时候就会安慰病人的心理，病人的情绪得到舒缓从而有利于病情的痊愈。这被叫做安慰剂。通常是空的甜胶囊，作用于病人的心理，帮助他们调节心情，从而有利于病情痊愈。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Customers who come into the Waffle House recognize server Evoni Williams, a soft-spoken 18-year-old from Texas City. It all started with a Facebook post. On the morning of March 3, Laura Wolf was eating breakfast at the Waffle House in La Marque when she overheard an older man, who reminded her of her late father, tell Williams he had trouble with his hands. The man, later identified as regular customer Adrien Charpentier, had an oxygen tank nearby and needed help cutting up his food. “Without hesitation,” Wolf wrote, Williams “took his plate and began cutting up his ham.”

Impressed, Wolf posted the moment on her Facebook page to share the warmth and kindness with all. The following day, Williams's Facebook notification（关注）began to light up. Her friends saw Wolf's post and tracked her in it.

Williams had no idea that someone took a photo that morning. The diner was so busy that a line extended outside the door. She said helping Charpentier was reflexive. She has been working at Waffle House since last June to save for college, and this, she figured, was just the right thing to do. “I would want someone to help my grandmother or grandfather,” Williams said.

The post began to make its rounds in La Marque and eventually landed in front of the city's mayor, Bobby Hocking. He decided to declare March 8 as Williams's day, and also received an email from Texas Southern University President Austin https://www.360docs.net/doc/4218126679.html,ne, asking if the school could present Williams with a scholarship.

Williams still works at Waffle House five days a week and plans to do so until she starts classes in the fall at Houston-based Texas Southern. Wolf said Williams does not have a car to get to classes, but some people have offered to start a GoFundMe page for her, proving that a moment of a kindness can change a life.

（1）Why did Wolf post the photo on Facebook?

A. The photo reminded her of her late father.

B. It could satisfy her inner needs.

C. She was touched by the sight.

D. The customer had trouble with his hands.

（2）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Without a second thought.

B. After careful consideration.

C. Winning a reward.

D. Better serving customers.

（3）What can we infer about Evoni Williams?

A. She seldom saw Charpentier come to the House for breakfast.

B. It was GoFundMe page that led to her good luck.

C. She is no longer working in service business.

D. She has probably received a scholarship for her college education.

（4）What is the author's purpose of writing the article?

A. To help Williams receive higher education.

B. To introduce a random act of kindness.

C. To show that young generation can always help.

D. To emphasize the influence of the social media.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Williams在饼店无意中帮助了一位老人，这件事被上传到脸书上，这让大家非常感动，并对她的善意大加赞扬。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Impressed, Wolf posted the moment on her Facebook page to share the warmth a nd kindness with all.”被（所见的事情）感动了，于是保鲁夫在她的脸谱网页上张贴，与大家分享这一温暖和善良的时刻。其中的impressed“受感动的”，与touched“被感动的”是同义词，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“‘Without hesitation,’ Wolf wrote, Williams ‘took his plate and began cutting up his ham.’”可知，Williams毫不犹豫地帮忙了。第三段中的“Williams … Sh e said helping Charpentier was reflexive. this, …she figured, was just the right thing to do. ‘I would want someone to help my grandmother or grandfather,’ Williams said.”可知，Williams说帮助Charpentier是reflexive.，我认为这是正确的事，我但愿也会有人来帮助我的祖父母。所以reflexive就是Without hesitation，即毫不犹豫地，不加思考地帮助那位老人。故选A。

(3)考查推断判断。根据第四段中的“ He decided to declare March 8 as Williams's day, and also received an email from Texas Southern University President Austin https://www.360docs.net/doc/4218126679.html,ne, asking if the school could present Williams with a scholarship.” 城市市长Bobby询问学校是否可以向威廉姆斯颁发奖学金。由此可推断，Williams可能会得到一份奖学金。故选D。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文讲述了Williams在饼店无意中帮助了一位老人，这件事被上传到脸书上，这让大家非常感动，并对她的善意大加赞扬。最后一句讲了一个善良的时刻可以改变生活。由此可推断出文章介绍了一种随意的善意行为可改变生活。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Durian(榴莲) is probably the smelliest fruit in the world, letting out an unusual unpleasant smell which would make anyone bring up. However, nobody was aware of what gave this fruit its unique smell, so a team of researchers from Singapore decided to take a look at its genome (基因组) and find out,

Durian is well-known throughout Southeast Asia as the king of fruits, mostly because of its awful appearance and smell. However, the origin of this unpleasant smell was unknown, so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.

The fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell, like rotten onions and ingredients. The smell lasts long, mostly because the fruit contains more volatile sulfur compounds. Other species usually benefit from two gene copies at most, but durian has four, leading to the striking smell.

However, this smell might be an advantage for durian in the wild. Although we find it unpleasant, many animals might be attracted by it. If they eat the fruit, then they can easily spread its seeds everywhere, thus contributing to the distribution of the species.

The mapping of the durian genome also showed some other information on the species. First of all, the fruit has an impressive number of genes, namely 46,000. Also, with the help of these genes, they saw how it evolved, and discovered it was related to the cacao tree. All the other discoveries have been published in the journal Nature Genetics.

Despite the striking smell, many people actually enjoy eating the fruit. However, not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause damage to our health, Even so, the fruit is often imported, significantly contributing to the economy.

（1）What give durian its unique smell?

A. Onions nearby.

B. Two gene copies.

C. Rotten ingredients in it.

D. Volatile sulfur compounds.

（2）What does the underlined word “evolved” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A. Developed.

B. Escaped.

C. Predicted.

D. Tolerated.

（3）What can we infer from the text?

A. No birds enjoy eating durian.

B. Durian can be planted all over the world.

C. Some of durian species can not be eaten.

D. Durian has no relationship with the cacao tree.

（4）What's the best title for the text?

A. What's Durian?

B. The Influence of the Smell

C. The Distribution of Durian

D. The Mystery of the Unpleasant Smell of Durian 【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动

物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因——挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选D。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。A项develop“使进化”，与划线词evolved 是同义词。故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“not all durian species are edible, and s ome of them may even cause dam6.age to our health,”可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。由此可推断出选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

You may be familiar with the following famous people, but have you heard of their graduation speeches, in which they either share their unforgotten experiences or give you some great inspiration.

Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin

And now you've accomplished something great and important here, and it's time for you to move on to what's next. And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps. … You must also commit to the adventure. Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge you've been blessed（赐予）with and go.

J.K. Rowling, Harvard University

Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between my ambition and the expectation from my parents wh o were not rich…But what I feared most of myself at your age was not poverty, but failure. The fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you know little about failure, you might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.

Steve Jobs, Stanford University

Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith…Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet,

keep looking and don't settle.

Bill Gates, Harvard University

We need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches and deal with the world's inequities（不公平）like hunger, poverty, and so on.

（1）What Michael Dell said is to urge us to ________.

A. listen to our heart

B. learn from our mistakes

C. follow others' example

D. pursue our dreams

（2）What did J.K. Rowling fear most when she was studying in university?

A. Failure.

B. Hunger.

C. Poverty.

D. Appearance.

（3）What does Bill Gates suggest people do?

A. Master as much advanced technology as possible.

B. Work together to rid some global problems.

C. Make contributions to the environment.

D. Take responsibility for their own behavior.【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一些著名的人的毕业演讲。

（1）考查推理判断。根据Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin部分中的“And now you've accomplished something great and important here, and it's time for you to move on to what's next.”可推断出Michael Dell说的话鼓励我们追求我们的梦想，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据J.K. Rowling, Harvard University部分中的“But what I feared most of myself at your age was not poverty, but failure.”可知J.K. Rowling在大学时，最害怕失败，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据Bill Gates, Harvard University部分中的“They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches and deal with the world's inequities（不公平）like hunger, poverty, and so on.”可推知Bill Gates建议人们一起工作，摆脱一些全球问题，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇时文类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

On a college camping trip, curiosity about waves and sand caused Rob Thieler to study shorelines around the world. Thirty years later and now a U.S. Geological Survey research geologist, Thieler, is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird, the Atlantic Coast piping plover.

The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds（繁殖）along the Atlantic Coast, the Great

Lakesand the Great Plains. Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats（栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）. To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012. This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data, which involves gathering information using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting into spreadsheets.

Since releasing iPlover, scientists have gathered data across 1500 km of breeding range. Thatequals about a third of the distance across the U.S., which is a large area to cover for only two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the same time during each breeding season, providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of time. And fast, centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get a real-time idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats.

While iPlover is used by trained field staff, other apps like the U. S. Geological Survey'sweb-based “iCoast—Did the Coast Change?” invite citizen s cientists to identify coastal changes by comparing bird's-eye-view photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and state agencies create policyplans for addressing climate change impacts (影响) worldwide.

（1）What can we know about the piping plover?

A. Its behaviour is changing.

B. Its habitat is growing bigger.

C. Its living environment is becoming worse.

D. Its breeding is limited to the Atlantic Coast.（2）Why did Thieler develop iPlover?

A. To study shorelines across America.

B. To advance information technology.

C. To find out global climate change.

D. To monitor changes of piping plover habitats.（3）Which of the following benefits the shorebirds?

A. The camping equipment.

B. Research on smartphones.

C. The changeable coast.

D. Progress in technology.

（4）What would be the best title of the text?

A. Protecting Endangered Shorebirds

B. Rob Thieler, a Creative Scientist

C. IPlover, Tool for Training Field Staff

D. Differences Between IPlover and ICoast

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。

（1）考查细节理解题。根据文章第二段Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats（栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）可知，笛鸻的生存环境变得越来越糟了。故答案选C。

（2）考查细节理解题。根据文章第二段To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012.可知，发明app其目的是为了追踪笛鸻的

栖息地的改变。故答案选D。

（3）考查推理判断题。根据文章第三段Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently.可以推断出，技术的进步，使得科学家获得更有效的数据。故答案选D。

（4）考查主旨大意题。根据文章大意：文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。故答案选A。

【点评】1. 要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。

2. 要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。

3. 在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。

9．阅读理解

Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.

Once, a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. His mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. Even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.

But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame. Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. But unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. His thin legs just hung there, lifeless. Eventually he left the hospital. But his determination to walk was unshakable. At home, when he was not in bed, he had to stay in a wheelchair. One day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. He reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. He did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. With his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by himself and then to run.

He began to walk to school, and then run to school, to run for the joy of running. Later in college he was on the track team.

In February 1934, in New York City's Madison Square Garden, this young man who was not expected to survive, who would surely never walk, who could never hope to run-this determined young man, Dr. Glenn Cunningham, ran the world's fastest mile.

A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many, and his story, a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one, to the degree that death seemed the preferable option.

（1）The first paragraph is intended to ________.

A. present an argument

B. make preparations for statement

C. arouse readers' interest

D. function as a brief introduction

（2）What was the doctor's opinion about Glenn?

A. Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.

B. Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.

C. There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.

D. Glenn could live a normal life with the upper halt" of his body.

（3）What do we know about Glenn?

A. Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital.

B. Glenn inspired people with his moving story.

C. Glenn won the first place in Marathon.

D. Glenn organized a track team in college.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Strengthen determination

B. Stand up after failure

C. Go after dreams

D. Face difficulty bravely

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章通过Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”

（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中Everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. 和 But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中Much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive.可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one's self, Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励人们。故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句But what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。”可知本文最佳主题是B项Stand up after failure。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

10．阅读理解

Whether you are a national or an international student, we welcome you to Middletown University. Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational (职业的) subjects. As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face-to-face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.

What do they cost?

Costs for our coursers vary considerably. Click on each department's homepage for more information. Scholarships and bursaries an available for certain courses, particularly for those in the sciences and education.

SAMPLE COURSE OVERVIEW

BA in English Language and Literature

The main purpose of this course is to develop your ability to describe, analyze and manipulate features of the English language, and to see how these are expressed in literature. As well as taking core modules which cover these areas, students will be able to specialize in their fields of interest.

Duration: three-year course

Course: Choose 12 out of 20 modules.

Weekly timetable: eight hours of lectures/four hours of seminars

Assessment: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year

Requirements: academic experience and interest in the subject; good school-exam grades

Diploma in teaching

In the first term, you will learn about the theory of teaching and how to be an effective teacher. In the second term, you will also begin teaching in a school. The third term is completely practical. Duration: one-year course

Course: Choose six out of ten modules (three are compulsory).

Weekly timetable: six hours of lectures/ two hours of seminars/ six hours of classroom teaching Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation

Requirement: first degree in specific subject area

（1）What is Middletown University famous for?

A. Academic and vocational education.

B. Traditional teaching methods.

C. Distance-learning courses.

D. Face-to-face communication.

（2）What do the two sample courses have in common?

A. They both last for three years.

B. They both require students to hand in essays.

C. They both offer total freedom to choose modules.

D. They both favor students with interest in the subject.

（3）What is the main purpose of the text?

A. To advertise certain online courses.

B. To stress the need for distance learning.

C. To introduce distance-learning techniques.

D. To suggest a way of pursuing further education.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，一所大学就该校最近开设的在线课程就行了简单的介绍，包括课程目的，时长，评价，要求等。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Our reputation is built on providing high-quality education in both academic and vocational (职业的) subjects.“可知，这所大学因为在学术和职业课程上提供高质量的教学而获得名誉，即它以高质量的学术和职业教学而出名。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据BA in English Language and Literature部分中的”Assessme nt: essays, exams and an 8,000-word dissertation at the end of the third year“和Diploma in teaching 部分中的”Assessment: combination of essays and classroom observation“可知这两门课程的共同点是都需要提交文章。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的”As well as priding ourselves on our traditional face-to-face learning, we have recently introduced a range of distance-learning courses.“我们在提供传功课程的同时也提供了大量的在线课程，以及下文所叙述的两种课程的课程内容，时长，评价和要求等，可推测本文的主要目的是为一些在线课程打广告。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。